In general use, "sugar" is taken to mean sucrose, also called "table sugar" or saccharose, a disaccharide which is a white crystalline solid. It is the most commonly used sugar for altering the flavor and properties (such as "mouthfeel", preservation, and texture) of beverages and food. Table sugar is commercially extracted from either sugar cane or sugar beet. The word sugar originates from the Sanskrit word Sharkara which means "sugar" or "pebble." The "simple" sugars, or monosaccharides, such as glucose, are a store of energy which is used by biological cells. A sugar is denoted by any word ...

Including:

• Sugar - Production
• Sugar - Cane
• Sugar - Beet
• Sugar - Cane versus Beet
• Sugar - Types of culinary sugar
• Sugar - Chemistry
• Sugar - History
• Sugar - The history of sugar in the West
• Sugar - The rise of beet
• Sugar - Mechanization
• Sugar - Health concerns
• Sugar - Sugar and hyperactivity
• Sugar - Sugar economics

Read more here: » Sugar: Encyclopedia - Sugar

See also:

Sugar, Sugar - Production, Sugar - Cane, Sugar - Beet, Sugar - Cane versus Beet, Sugar - Types of culinary sugar, Sugar - Chemistry, Sugar - History, Sugar - The history of sugar in the West, Sugar - The rise of beet, Sugar - Mechanization, Sugar - Health concerns, Sugar - Sugar and hyperactivity, Sugar - Sugar economics

Read more here: » Sugar: Encyclopedia II - Sugar - Sugar economics

Table sugar or sucrose is extracted from plant sources. The most important two sugar crops are sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris), in which sugar can account for 12%–20% of the plant's dry weight. Some minor commercial sugar crops include the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), and the sugar maple (Acer saccharum). In the financial year 2001/2002, 134.1 million tonn ...

See also:

Sugar, Sugar - Production, Sugar - Cane, Sugar - Beet, Sugar - Cane versus Beet, Sugar - Types of culinary sugar, Sugar - Chemistry, Sugar - History, Sugar - The history of sugar in the West, Sugar - The rise of beet, Sugar - Mechanization, Sugar - Health concerns, Sugar - Sugar and hyperactivity, Sugar - Sugar economics

Read more here: » Sugar: Encyclopedia II - Sugar - Production

Caliche is a hardened deposit of calcium carbonate. This calcium carbonate cements together other materials, including gravel, sand, clay, and silt. It is found in aridisol and mollisol soil orders. Caliche occurs worldwide, generally in arid or semi-arid regions, including in central and western Australia, in the Kalahari Desert, and in the High Plains of the western USA. Caliche is also known as hardpan, calcrete, kankar (in India), or duricrust. The term caliche is Spanish and is origin ...

Including:

• Caliche - How it forms
• Caliche - Economic uses
• Caliche - Building applications
• Caliche - Sugar refining
• Caliche - Chilean caliche
• Caliche - Caliche and Gardening
• Caliche - Problems Caliche Causes
• Caliche - Fixing these problems

Read more here: » Caliche: Encyclopedia - Caliche

Kabul (34°32′N 69°10′E, Kâb'l, in Persian کابل) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan with a population variously estimated at 2 to 4 million. It is an economic and cultural center strategically situated in a narrow valley along the Kabul River, high in the mountains before the Khyber Pass. Kabul is linked with the Tajikistan border via a tunnel under the Hindu Kush Mountains. It is about 1,800 metres (5,900 feet) above sealevel. Kabul's main products include ordnance, cloth, furniture, and beet sugar ...

Including:

• Kabul - Reconstruction
• Kabul - History
• Kabul - Attractions

Read more here: » Kabul: Encyclopedia - Kabul

Diabetes mellitus is a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels), especially after eating. All types of diabetes mellitus share similar symptoms and complications at advanced stages. Hyperglycemia itself can lead to dehydration and ketoacidosis. Longer-term complications include cardiovascular disease (doubled risk), chronic renal failure (it is the main cause for dialysis), retinal damage which can lead to blindness, nerve damage which can lead to erectile dysfunction (impoten ...

Including:

• Diabetes mellitus - History
• Diabetes mellitus - Causes and types
• Diabetes mellitus - The role of insulin
• Diabetes mellitus - Types
• Diabetes mellitus - Genetics
• Diabetes mellitus - Diagnosis
• Diabetes mellitus - Signs and symptoms
• Diabetes mellitus - Diagnostic approach
• Diabetes mellitus - Criteria for diagnosis
• Diabetes mellitus - Diabetic ketoacidosis and coma
• Diabetes mellitus - Hypoglycemia
• Diabetes mellitus - Long-term complications
• Diabetes mellitus - Management of the disease
• Diabetes mellitus - Curing diabetes
• Diabetes mellitus - Biological
• Diabetes mellitus - Mechanical
• Diabetes mellitus - Public health policy and health economics
• Diabetes mellitus - Statistics
• Diabetes mellitus - Etymology

Read more here: » Diabetes mellitus: Encyclopedia - Diabetes mellitus

The use of ethanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines, either alone or in combination with other fuels, has been given much attention mostly because of its possible environmental and long-term economical advantages over fossil fuel. Both ethanol and methanol have been considered for this purpose. While both can be obtained from petroleum or natural gas, ethanol may be the most interesting because many believe it to be a renewable resource, easily obtained from sugar or starch in crops and other agricultural produce such ...

Including:

• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol fuels
• Ethanol fuel - Production and Distribution
• Ethanol fuel - Other alcohols
• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol and hydrogen
• Ethanol fuel - Alternate sources
• Ethanol fuel - Economics of corn ethanol in the U.S.A.
• Ethanol fuel - Net fuel energy balance
• Ethanol fuel - Energy balance in the United States
• Ethanol fuel - Arguments and criticisms
• Ethanol fuel - Air pollution
• Ethanol fuel - Fire safety
• Ethanol fuel - Greenhouse gases
• Ethanol fuel - Renewable resource
• Ethanol fuel - Dependency on foreign oil and international crime
• Ethanol fuel - Statism
• Ethanol fuel - Cost
• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol fuel in Colombia
• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol fuel in Brazil
• Ethanol fuel - U.S. National security

Read more here: » Ethanol fuel: Encyclopedia - Ethanol fuel

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a system of European Union agricultural subsidies which represents about 44% of the EU's spending (€49bn scheduled spend for 2005 [1]). These subsidies work by guaranteeing a minimum price to producers and by direct payment of a subsidy for crops planted. This provides some economic certainty for EU farmers and production of a certain quantity of agricultural goods. Reforms of the system are currently underway including a phased transfer of subsidy to land stewardship rather than specific crop production from 2005 to 2012. Detailed implementat ...

Including:

• Common Agricultural Policy - Beginnings of the CAP
• Common Agricultural Policy - Objectives
• Common Agricultural Policy - How the CAP works
• Common Agricultural Policy - Problems of the CAP
• Common Agricultural Policy - Anti-development
• Common Agricultural Policy - Rural Environment
• Common Agricultural Policy - Artificially high food prices
• Common Agricultural Policy - Equity among member states
• Common Agricultural Policy - State intervention
• Common Agricultural Policy - Sustainability
• Common Agricultural Policy - Reforming the CAP
• Common Agricultural Policy - Overview
• Common Agricultural Policy - Pre-1992
• Common Agricultural Policy - 1992
• Common Agricultural Policy - 2003
• Common Agricultural Policy - EU expansion 2004
• Common Agricultural Policy - European Commission Report
• Common Agricultural Policy - Sugar regime reform 2005

Read more here: » Common Agricultural Policy: Encyclopedia - Common Agricultural Policy

Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of between 6–37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Old ...

Including:

• Sugarcane - Cultivation and uses
• Sugarcane - History
• Sugarcane - Cultivation
• Sugarcane - Processing
• Sugarcane - Milling
• Sugarcane - Refining
• Sugarcane - Sugarcane as foodstuff

Read more here: » Sugarcane: Encyclopedia - Sugarcane

Caliche - Building applications. Caliche is used in construction worldwide. The caliche reserves in the Llano Estacado in Texas can be used in the manufacture of Portland cement; the caliche meets the chemical composition requirements and has been used a principal raw material in Portland cement production in at least one Texas plant. Where the calcium carbonate content is over 80 percent, caliche can also be fired and used as a source of lime in areas, which ...

See also:

Caliche, Caliche - How it forms, Caliche - Economic uses, Caliche - Building applications, Caliche - Sugar refining, Caliche - Chilean caliche, Caliche - Caliche and Gardening, Caliche - Problems Caliche Causes, Caliche - Fixing these problems

Read more here: » Caliche: Encyclopedia II - Caliche - Economic uses

Caliche generally forms when minerals are leached from the upper layer of the soil (the A horizon) and accumulate in the next layer (the B horizon), at depths of approximately 3 to 10 feet under the surface. Caliche generally consists of carbonates in semiarid regions, while in arid regions, less soluble minerals will form caliche layers after all the carbonates have been leached from the soil. The calcium carbonate that is deposited accumulates, first forming grains, then small clumps, then a discernable layer, and finally a thicker, solid ...

See also:

Caliche, Caliche - How it forms, Caliche - Economic uses, Caliche - Building applications, Caliche - Sugar refining, Caliche - Chilean caliche, Caliche - Caliche and Gardening, Caliche - Problems Caliche Causes, Caliche - Fixing these problems

Read more here: » Caliche: Encyclopedia II - Caliche - How it forms

Although beets have been grown as vegetables and for fodder since antiquity (a large root vegetable appearing in 4000-year old Egyptian temple artwork may be a beet), their use as a sugar crop is relatively recent. As early as 1590, the French botanist Olivier de Serres extracted a sweet syrup from beetroot, but the practice did not become common. The Prussian chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf used alcohol to extract sugar from beets (and carrots) in 1747, but his methods did not lend themselves to economical industrial-scale production. Hi ...

See also:

Sugar beet, Sugar beet - Culture, Sugar beet - Processing, Sugar beet - Reception, Sugar beet - Diffusion, Sugar beet - Carbonatation, Sugar beet - Evaporation, Sugar beet - Crystallization, Sugar beet - Sugar beet syrup, Sugar beet - History, Sugar beet - Agriculture

Read more here: » Sugar beet: Encyclopedia II - Sugar beet - History

History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Great Depression. The tenente rebellion (See History of Brazil (1889-1930)) did not mark the revolutionary breakthrough of Brazil's bourgeois social reformers. But the ruling paulista coffee oligarchy could not withstand the near-breakdown of world capitalism in 1929. Brazil's vulnerability to the Great Depression had its roots in the economy's heavy dependence on foreign markets and loans. Despite limited industrial development ...

See also:

History of Brazil 1930-1945, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Depression coffee oligarchs and the Revolution of 1930, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Great Depression, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Revolution of 1930, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The rise of Getúlio Vargas, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The era of Brazilian populism, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Vargas' interim presidency, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Vargas the sugar barons and the northeastern cangaço, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Toward dictatorship, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The suppression of the communist movement, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Class conflict corporatism and economic development, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Estado Novo, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Estado Novo and industrialization, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Vargas the Axis Powers and the liberalization of the Estado Novo

Read more here: » History of Brazil 1930-1945: Encyclopedia II - History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Depression coffee oligarchs and the Revolution of 1930

History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Vargas' interim presidency. As a candidate in 1930, Vargas had utilized populist rhetoric to promote middle class concerns, thus opposing the primacy—but not the legitimacy—of the paulista coffee oligarchy and the landed elites, who had little interest in protecting and promoting industry. The 1930 Revolution ushered in a coalition favoring protection of Brazilian manufacturers, backed by the bourgeoisie and landed interests. Between 1930-1934, Vargas followed a path of so ...

See also:

History of Brazil 1930-1945, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Depression coffee oligarchs and the Revolution of 1930, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Great Depression, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Revolution of 1930, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The rise of Getúlio Vargas, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The era of Brazilian populism, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Vargas' interim presidency, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Vargas the sugar barons and the northeastern cangaço, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Toward dictatorship, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The suppression of the communist movement, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Class conflict corporatism and economic development, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Estado Novo, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The Estado Novo and industrialization, History of Brazil 1930-1945 - Vargas the Axis Powers and the liberalization of the Estado Novo

Read more here: » History of Brazil 1930-1945: Encyclopedia II - History of Brazil 1930-1945 - The era of Brazilian populism

The surrounding areas of Labasa are mostly farming areas, which contribute to much of the industry in the town. The largest crop grown is sugar cane. The large Fiji Sugar Corporation sugar mill in Labasa town is the only such mill on the island. Recently, due to political changes and loss of overseas markets, sugar cane farming and production has been steadily decreasing. This has been reflected in the increasing migration of people to the main island of Vit ...

See also:

Labasa, Labasa - Economic activities, Labasa - Government

Read more here: » Labasa: Encyclopedia II - Labasa - Economic activities

Honokaʻa's economy was based primarily on the sugar production of The Hamakua Sugar Company from 1873 to 1994 when Hawaiian sugar grew out of demand. With the closing of Honokaʻa's sugar production, the economy has been in decline. However, Honokaʻa has remained afloat without being hit too hard by the economic downturn. The Big Island's Hamaku ...

See also:

Honoka'a Hawai'i, Honoka'a Hawai'i - Geography, Honoka'a Hawai'i - Demographics, Honoka'a Hawai'i - History, Honoka'a Hawai'i - Culture

Read more here: » Honoka'a Hawai'i: Encyclopedia II - Honoka'a Hawai'i - History

Sugar beet is an important part of a rotating crop cycle. Sugar beet plants are susceptible to rhizomania ("root madness") which turns the bulbous tap root into many small roots making the crop economically unprocessable. Strict controls are enforced in European countries to prevent the spread, but it is already endemic in some areas. Continual research looks for varieties with resistance as well as increased sugar yield. Other economically important members of the Chenopodioideae subfamily: Beetroot ChardSee also:

Sugar beet, Sugar beet - Culture, Sugar beet - Processing, Sugar beet - Reception, Sugar beet - Diffusion, Sugar beet - Carbonatation, Sugar beet - Evaporation, Sugar beet - Crystallization, Sugar beet - Sugar beet syrup, Sugar beet - History, Sugar beet - Agriculture

Read more here: » Sugar beet: Encyclopedia II - Sugar beet - Agriculture

Carlow industry has come a long way since the early 20th century, when the town became the centre of Ireland's slow process of industrialization with the creation of the Irish Sugar Company - then the cutting edge of industry in Ireland, the sugar factory opened in 1926 as a private enterprise and eventually became nationalised before reverting to privatisation. The sugar factorysugar production was closed on March 11, 2005 as the management of Greencore decided that it was no longer economical to run the factory nor was it viable to upgrade ...

See also:

Carlow, Carlow - History, Carlow - Growth, Carlow - Economy

Read more here: » Carlow: Encyclopedia II - Carlow - Economy

The area's economic activity is centered in Houston, the county seat of Harris County. Houston is a major port and financial center for oil companies. Sugar Land is home to the second-largest economic activities and third largest city in the metropolitan area. Sugar Land has the most important and booming economic center in Fort Bend County. Baytown and Galveston also have ports. Galveston also has the largest cruise ship terminal in Texas (and the twelfth in the world) and is a recreational area for people in ...

See also:

Greater Houston, Greater Houston - Economic activities, Greater Houston - Counties, Greater Houston - Cities and towns, Greater Houston - Principal cities

Read more here: » Greater Houston: Encyclopedia II - Greater Houston - Economic activities

The island's main population centres are the towns of Labasa, in the north, and Savusavu, located at the foot of the peninsula. Labasa, with a population of almost 25,000 at the 1996 census, has a large Indian community, and is a major centre of Fiji's sugar industry. Savusavu is smaller, with a population of just under 5000, but is a popular centre for tourists owing to its diving and yachting facilities. The main industry on the island is sugar cane production, especially in the north. Copra is also an important ...

See also:

Vanua Levu, Vanua Levu - Geography, Vanua Levu - Demographics and economic activities, Vanua Levu - Politics, Vanua Levu - History

Read more here: » Vanua Levu: Encyclopedia II - Vanua Levu - Demographics and economic activities