Table sugar or sucrose is extracted from plant sources. The most important two sugar crops are sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris), in which sugar can account for 12%–20% of the plant's dry weight. Some minor commercial sugar crops include the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), and the sugar maple (Acer saccharum). In the financial year 2001/2002, 134.1 million tonn ...

See also:

Sugar, Sugar - Production, Sugar - Cane, Sugar - Beet, Sugar - Cane versus Beet, Sugar - Types of culinary sugar, Sugar - Chemistry, Sugar - History, Sugar - The history of sugar in the West, Sugar - The rise of beet, Sugar - Mechanization, Sugar - Health concerns, Sugar - Sugar and hyperactivity, Sugar - Sugar economics

Read more here: » Sugar: Encyclopedia II - Sugar - Production

See also:

Sugar, Sugar - Production, Sugar - Cane, Sugar - Beet, Sugar - Cane versus Beet, Sugar - Types of culinary sugar, Sugar - Chemistry, Sugar - History, Sugar - The history of sugar in the West, Sugar - The rise of beet, Sugar - Mechanization, Sugar - Health concerns, Sugar - Sugar and hyperactivity, Sugar - Sugar economics

Read more here: » Sugar: Encyclopedia II - Sugar - Production

In biochemistry, a sugar is the simplest molecule that can be identified as a carbohydrate. These include monosaccharides and disaccharides, trisaccharides and the oligosaccharides; these being sugars composed of 1, 2, 3 or more units. Sugars contain either aldehyde groups (-CHO) or ketone groups (C=O), where there are carbon-oxygen double bonds, making the sugars reactive. Most sugars conform to (CH2O)n where n is between 3 and 7. A notable exception is deoxyribose, which as the name suggests is "missing" an oxy ...

See also:

Sugar, Sugar - Production, Sugar - Cane, Sugar - Beet, Sugar - Cane versus Beet, Sugar - Types of culinary sugar, Sugar - Chemistry, Sugar - History, Sugar - The history of sugar in the West, Sugar - The rise of beet, Sugar - Mechanization, Sugar - Health concerns, Sugar - Sugar and hyperactivity, Sugar - Sugar economics

Read more here: » Sugar: Encyclopedia II - Sugar - Chemistry

In general use, "sugar" is taken to mean sucrose, also called "table sugar" or saccharose, a disaccharide which is a white crystalline solid. It is the most commonly used sugar for altering the flavor and properties (such as "mouthfeel", preservation, and texture) of beverages and food. Table sugar is commercially extracted from either sugar cane or sugar beet. The word sugar originates from the Sanskrit word Sharkara which means "sugar" or "pebble." The "simple" sugars, or monosaccharides, such as glucose, are a store of energy which is used by biological cells. A sugar is denoted by any word ...

Including:

• Sugar - Production
• Sugar - Cane
• Sugar - Beet
• Sugar - Cane versus Beet
• Sugar - Types of culinary sugar
• Sugar - Chemistry
• Sugar - History
• Sugar - The history of sugar in the West
• Sugar - The rise of beet
• Sugar - Mechanization
• Sugar - Health concerns
• Sugar - Sugar and hyperactivity
• Sugar - Sugar economics

Read more here: » Sugar: Encyclopedia - Sugar

The term "mill", depending on context, can refer to: Mill (factory) – a place of business for making articles of manufacture; e.g. a textile mill is a factory for making textiles, a sawmill cuts timber, a steel mill manufactures steel, a sugar mill (also called a sugar refinery) processes sugar beets or sugar cane into various finished products. The term mill was once in common use for a factory (perhaps because many factories in the early stages of the Industrial Revolution were water powered like the then much more fa

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Sugaring describes the following processes: The collection and production of maple syrup. Hair removal using a sticky paste. Other related archivesHair removal, maple syrup

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Aspartame is the name for the artificial, non-carbohydrate sweetener, aspartyl-phenylalanine-1-methyl ester; i.e. the methyl ester of the dipeptide of the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. It is marketed under a number of trademark names, such as NutraSweet, Equal, and Canderel and is an ingredient of approximately 5,000 consumer foods and beverages sold worldwide. It is commonly used in diet soft drinks and is often provided as a table condiment. It is also used in some brands of chewable vitamin suppl ...

Including:

• Aspartame - Chemistry
• Aspartame - Properties and use
• Aspartame - Discovery and approval
• Aspartame - Conflicts of interest
• Aspartame - Health risks controversy
• Aspartame - Methanol
• Aspartame - Phenylalanine
• Aspartame - Aspartic acid
• Aspartame - Aspartylphenylalanine diketopiperazine
• Aspartame - Responses
• Aspartame - Recently published research
• Aspartame - Products with Aspartame

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Carbonatation is the process used in the production of sugar from sugar beet, whereby raw beet juice is mingled with milk of lime and carbon dioxide enriched gas in carbonation tanks. Carbonatation involves the following effects: The increase in alkalinity coagulates proteins in the juice. Calcium carbonate absorbs colourants Alkalinity destroys some monos ...

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Cider apples are a group of apple cultivars grown for their use in cider production. Cider apples are grouped into four main types according to the nature of their flavour components. Sweets contain high sugar levels which encourage fermentation and raise the final alcohol levels. This group is low in tannins and acidity. Sharps are high in acidity and add 'bite' to the cider. They tend to be low in sugar content and have little tannin. Bittersweets are high in sugar but also contain ...

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Bagasse is the biomass remaining after sugarcane stalks are crushed to extract their juice. A sugar factory produces nearly 30% of bagasse out of its total crushing. Many research efforts have attempted to use bagasse as a renewable feedstock for power generation and for the production of bio-based materials. Bagasse is often used as a primary fuel source for sugar mills; when burned in quantity, it produces sufficient heat energy to supply all the needs of a typical sugar mill, with energy to spare. To this end, a secon ...

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Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: Making ethanol from sugar cane Fischer Tropsch process is used to produce synfuels out of gasified biomass. While biodiesel and bio-ethanol production so far only use parts of a plant, i.e. oil, sugar or starch, BTL production uses the whole plant which is gasified or converted enzymatically . The result is that for BTL, less land area is required per unit of energy produced compared with biodiesel or b ...

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Malting is a process applied to cereal grains, in which the grains are made to germinate and then quickly dried before the plant develops. The term malt refers to several products of the process: The grains to which this process has been applied, for example malted barley; The sugar derived from such grains which is heavy in maltose, such as baker's malt, A product, based on malted milk, similar to a malted milkshake (i.e., "malts"). Including:

• Malt - Reference

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Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleotide adenine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. ADP is the product of ATP dephosphorylation by ATPases. ADP is converted back to ATP by ATP synthases. ATP is an important energy transfer molecule in cells. See also. Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide

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Zymology is the science of fermentation. It deals with the biochemical processes involved in fermentation, with yeast selection and physiology, and with the practical issues of brewing. Zymology is occasionally known as zymurgy. Zymology - Fermentation. Fermentation can be simply defined, in this context, as the conversion of sugar molecules into ethanol and carbon dioxide by yeast. C6H12O6 => 2CO2 + 2C2H5OH ...

Including:

• Zymology - Fermentation
• Zymology - History
• Zymology - Products

Read more here: » Zymology: Encyclopedia - Zymology

Diet Coke is a sugar-free counterpart brand for Coca-Cola. In some countries the Diet Coke product is labeled Coca-Cola Light and is actually a different formulation. The product was introduced in the United States in July 1982, and was the first new brand since 1886 to use the Coca-Cola trademark. The product quickly overtook Tab, Coca-Cola's saccharin-sweetened product, in sales. Initially sweetened with saccharin, Diet Coke was sweetened with aspartame as soon as it became available in the U.S., in 1983; however, to s ...

Including:

• Diet Coke - Variants

Read more here: » Diet Coke: Encyclopedia - Diet Coke

Condensed milk is cow's milk from which water has been removed and to which sugar has been added, yielding a very thick, sweet product that can last on the shelf for years. Also known as sweetened condensed milk, the two terms have become synonymous; though there have been unsweetened condensed milk products, today these are uncommon. Condensed milk is used in numerous dessert dishes, and by the Vietnamese to make their unique coffee, Cafe Sua Da. A related product is evaporated milk, which has undergo ...

Including:

• Condensed milk - Background
• Condensed milk - External link

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Brazil obtained 37% of all African slaves traded, and more than 3 million slaves were sent to this one country. The Portuguese were the first to initiate the slave trade, and the last to end the slave trade. Starting around 1550, the Portuguese began to trade African slaves to work the sugar plantations once the native Tupi deteriorated. During the colonial epoch, slavery was a mainstay of the Brazilian economy, especially in mining and sugar cane production. The Clapham Sect, a group of Victorian Evangelical politicians, campaigned d ...

Including:

• Afro-Brazilian - History
• Afro-Brazilian - Origins
• Afro-Brazilian - Cuisine
• Afro-Brazilian - Religion
• Afro-Brazilian - Capoeira
• Afro-Brazilian - Music
• Afro-Brazilian - Famous Afro-Brazilian musicians
• Afro-Brazilian - Other groups

Read more here: » Afro-Brazilian: Encyclopedia - Afro-Brazilian

Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5'-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. AMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. Adenosine monophosphate - Production and degradation. AMP can be produced during ATP synthesis by the enzyme adenylate kinase by combining two ADP molecules: 2 ADP → ATP + AMP Or AMP m ...

Including:

• Adenosine monophosphate - Production and degradation
• Adenosine monophosphate - cAMP
• Adenosine monophosphate - Commercial applications
• Adenosine monophosphate - External link

Read more here: » Adenosine monophosphate: Encyclopedia - Adenosine monophosphate

Vla is a typical Dutch dairy product, made of fresh milk. It has the viscosity of yoghurt, but is much sweeter and is available in several flavors. These include: Plain (vanilla) Chocolate Raspberry Caramel Hopjes (Coffee / Caramel) Stracciatella (chocolate shavings) Cream Banana Strawberry Milk Cream (in several flavours) Almond cookies Traditional vla is made of cooked milk with custard, or with a combination of eggs, maizena, vanilla and sugar. Vla found in Dutch supermarkets is usually also made ...

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Coca-Cola C2 (also referred to as Coke C2, C2 Cola, or simply C2) is a cola-flavored beverage introduced by The Coca-Cola Company first in Japan, then later on June 7, 2004 in the United States, in response to the low-carbohydrate diet trend. This new Coke product is said to have half the carbohydrates, sugars and calories, compared to standard Coke, and is thus targeted toward dieters. It contains aspartame, acesulfame potassium, and sucralose in addition to the high fructose corn syrup typically found in cola beverages distributed in America. It has more calories than Diet C ...

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