subtype

In aviation, type conversion refers to the training pilots undertake in order to fly types of aircraft they have not operated before. Type conversion - Computing. In computer science, type conversion or typecasting refers to changing an entity of one datatype into another. There are two types of conversion: implicit and explicit. The term for implicit type conversion is coercion. Explicit type conversion in some specific way is known as casting. Explicit type conversion c ...

Including:

• Type conversion - Aviation
• Type conversion - Computing
• Type conversion - Implicit type conversion
• Type conversion - Explicit type conversion
• Type conversion - in Ada
• Type conversion - in C/C++
• Type conversion - Two common casting styles

Read more here: » Type conversion: Encyclopedia - Type conversion

In computer science, a datatype (often simply a type) is a name or label for a set of values and some operations which one can perform on that set of values. Programming languages implicitly or explicitly support one or more datatypes; these types may act as a statically or dynamically checked constraint, ensuring valid programs for a given language. Datatype - Basis. Assigning datatypes ("typing") has the basic purpose of giving some semantic meaning to otherwise meaningless collections of bits. Typ ...

Including:

• Datatype - Basis
• Datatype - Type checking
• Datatype - Static and dynamic typing
• Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice
• Datatype - Strong and weak typing
• Datatype - Polymorphism and types
• Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference
• Datatype - Collections of types
• Datatype - Specialized types
• Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia - Datatype

The process of verifying and enforcing the constraints of types - type checking - may occur either at compile-time (a static check) or run-time (a dynamic check). Static type-checking becomes a primary task of the semantic analysis carried out by a compiler. If a language enforces type rules strongly (that is, generally allowing only those automatic type conversions which do not lose information), one can refer to the process as strongly typed, if not, as weakly typed. Da ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Type checking

The process of verifying and enforcing the constraints of types - type checking - may occur either at compile-time (a static check) or run-time (a dynamic check). Static type-checking becomes a primary task of the semantic analysis carried out by a compiler. If a language enforces type rules strongly (that is, generally allowing only those automatic type conversions which do not lose information), one can refer to the process as strongly typed, if not, as weakly typed. Da ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability, Datatype - Nominative vs structural typing

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Type checking

Implicit type conversion, also known as coercion, is an automatic type conversion by the compiler. Some languages allow, or even require compilers to provide coercion. In a mixed type expression, a subtype s will be converted to a supertype t or some subtypes s1, s2, ... will be converted to a supertype t (maybe none of the si is of type t) at runtime so that the program will run correctly. For example: double d; long l; int i; if (d > i) ...

See also:

Type conversion, Type conversion - Aviation, Type conversion - Computing, Type conversion - Implicit type conversion, Type conversion - Explicit type conversion, Type conversion - in Ada, Type conversion - in C/C++, Type conversion - Two common casting styles

Read more here: » Type conversion: Encyclopedia II - Type conversion - Implicit type conversion

Rebinding should not be confused with mutation — "rebinding" is changes to the referencing identifier; "mutation" is changes to the referenced value. Consider the following Java code: LinkedList<String> l; l = new LinkedList(); l.add("foo"); l = null; The identifier l at first references nothing (the null object); it is then rebound to reference an object (a linked list of strings). The linked list referenced by l is then mutated, adding a string to the list. Lastly, l ...

See also:

Name binding, Name binding - Rebinding and Mutation, Name binding - Binding time

Read more here: » Name binding: Encyclopedia II - Name binding - Rebinding and Mutation

In a treatment of predicate logic that allows one to introduce new predicate symbols, one will also want to be able to introduce new function symbols. Introducing new function symbols from old function symbols is easy; given function symbols F and G, there is a new function symbol F o G, the composition of F and G, satisfying (F o G)(X) = F(G(X)), for all X. Of course, the right side of this equation doesn't make sense in typed logic unless the domain type of F matches the codomain ...

See also:

Functional predicate, Functional predicate - Introducing new function symbols, Functional predicate - Doing without functional predicates

Read more here: » Functional predicate: Encyclopedia II - Functional predicate - Introducing new function symbols

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The question of compatibility and equivalence becomes a complicated and controversial topic and relates to the problem of substitutability; in other words: given type A and type B, are they equal types or compatible? Can one use the value with type B in the place of the value with type A? If type A is compatible with type B, A is a subtype of B (but not always vice versa) - according to the Liskov substitution principle. Type conversion may ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability, Datatype - Nominative vs structural typing

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Many static type systems, such as C's and Java's, require type declarations: the programmer must explicitly associate each variable with a particular type. Others, such as Haskell's, perform type inference: the compiler draws conclusions about the types of variables based on how programmers use those variables. For example, given a function f(x,y) which adds x and y together, the compiler can infer that x and y must be numbers -- since addition is only defined for numbers. Therefore, any call to f elsewhere in the program that specifies a non-nu ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability, Datatype - Nominative vs structural typing

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference

There are two primary schemes for determing whether two types are equivalent and/or subtypes; nominative (by name) and structural (by structure). As the names indicate, nominative type systems operate based on explicit annotations in the code; types are not "recognized" unless explicitly declared, and subtype relationships also must be explicitly declared. Structural type systems, on the other hand, perform type judgements based on the structure of the two types under consideration. Few languages are strictly nomi ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability, Datatype - Nominative vs structural typing

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Nominative vs structural typing

Main article: strongly-typed programming language For a fuller discussion of the different meanings of the phrase strongly typed, see strongly-typed programming language. One definition of strongly typed involves not allowing an operation to succeed on arguments which have the wrong type. A C cast gone wrong exemplifies the absence of strong typing; if a programmer casts a value in C, not only must the compiler allow the code, but the runtime should allow it as well. This allows compact and fas ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability, Datatype - Nominative vs structural typing

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Strong and weak typing

Assigning datatypes ("typing") has the basic purpose of giving some semantic meaning to otherwise meaningless collections of bits. Types usually have associations either with values in memory or with objects such as variables. Because any value simply consists of a set of bits in a computer, hardware makes no distinction even between memory addresses, instruction code, characters, integers and floating-point numbers. Types inform programs and programmers how ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Basis

Main article: strongly-typed programming language For a fuller discussion of the different meanings of the phrase strongly typed, see strongly-typed programming language. One definition of strongly typed involves not allowing an operation to succeed on arguments which have the wrong type. A C cast gone wrong exemplifies the absence of strong typing; if a programmer casts a value in C, not only must the compiler allow the code, but the runtime should allow it as well. This allows compact and fas ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Strong and weak typing

Many static type systems, such as C's and Java's, require type declarations: the programmer must explicitly associate each variable with a particular type. Others, such as Haskell's, perform type inference: the compiler draws conclusions about the types of variables based on how programmers use those variables. For example, given a function f(x,y) which adds x and y together, the compiler can infer that x and y must be numbers -- since addition is only defined for numbers. Therefore, any call to f elsewhere in the program that specifies a non-nu ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference

The question of compatibility and equivalence becomes a complicated and controversial topic and relates to the problem of substitutability; in other words: given type A and type B, are they equal types or compatible? Can one use the value with type B in the place of the value with type A? If type A is compatible with type B, A is a subtype of B (but not always vice versa) - according to the Liskov substitution principle. Type conversion may ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability

Assigning datatypes ("typing") has the basic purpose of giving some semantic meaning to otherwise meaningless collections of bits. Types usually have associations either with values in memory or with objects such as variables. Because any value simply consists of a set of bits in a computer, hardware makes no distinction even between memory addresses, instruction code, characters, integers and floating-point numbers. Types inform programs and programmers how ...

See also:

Datatype, Datatype - Basis, Datatype - Type checking, Datatype - Static and dynamic typing, Datatype - Static and dynamic type checking in practice, Datatype - Strong and weak typing, Datatype - Polymorphism and types, Datatype - Explicit or implicit declaration and inference, Datatype - Collections of types, Datatype - Specialized types, Datatype - Compatibility equivalence and substitutability, Datatype - Nominative vs structural typing

Read more here: » Datatype: Encyclopedia II - Datatype - Basis