Structures

The structure of a thing is how the parts of it relate to each other, how it is "put together". This contrast with process, which is how the thing works; but process requires a viable structure. Both reality and language have structure. One of the goals of general semantics, and of science, is to create and use language the structure of which accurately parallels the structure of reality. See also. Patterns Hierarchy Structural violence Infrastructure

Structures: Encyclopedia II - Structuralism - Structuralism in the Philosophy of Mathematics Structuralism in mathematics is the study of what structures (mathematical objects) are, and how the ontology of these structures should be understood. This is a growing philosophy within mathematics that is not without its share of critics. Paul Benacerraf's "What Numbers Could Not Be" (1965) is a seminal paper on mathematical structuralism in an odd sort of way: it started the movement by the response it generated. Benacerraf addressed a notion in mathematics to treat mathematical statements at face value, in which case we are commi ...

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Structures: Encyclopedia - Beam structure

A beam is a structural element that carries load primarily in bending (flexure). Beams generally carry vertical gravitational forces but can also be used to carry horizontal loads (i.e. loads due to a gust of wind or an earthquake). The loads carried by a beam are transferred to columns, walls or girders, which in turn transfer the force to adjacent structural members. Beams are characterized by their profile (the shape of their cross-section), their length, and their material. In contemporary construction, beams are typically ...

Structures: Encyclopedia - Cyclopean structures

Cyclopean structures (Greek: Κυκλώπειες κατασκευές) were constructed during the prehistoric times, using a unique technique: huge stones as the building elements, minimal clearance between adjacent stones or boulders and no use of mortar. The ancient Greeks called these structures Cyclopean as they believed that only Cyclopes could have managed to built these huge structures. These stones could weigh as much as 200 tons. Each stone had a unique shape. They were built with such a p ...

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Structures: Encyclopedia - Data Structure Alignment

Data structure members are stored sequentially in a memory so that in the structure below the member Data1 will always precede Data2 and Data2 will always precede Data3: struct MyData { short Data1; short Data2; short Data3; }; If the type "short" is stored in two bytes of memory then each member of the data structure depicted above would be aligned to a boundary of 2 bytes. Data1 would be at offset 0, Data2 at offset 2 and Data3 ...

Structures: Encyclopedia - Algebraic structure

In higher mathematics, "algebraic structure" is a loosely-defined phrase referring to the mathematical objects traditionally studied in the field of abstract algebra: sets with operations. The word "structure" can refer to a specific mathematical object or an even more abstract concept. For example, the monster group simultaneously is an algebraic structure, and it has an algebraic structure: the structure shared by all groups. This article uses both senses of the phrase. Algebraic structure - In the ...

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Structures: Encyclopedia - Character structure

A character structure is a constellation of enduring motivational and other traits that are manifested in the characteristic ways that an individual reacts to various kinds of challenges. The word "structure" indicates that these several characteristics and/or learned patterns of behavior are linked in such a way as to produce a state that can be highly resistant to change. The idea has its roots in the work of Sigmund Freud and several of his followers, the most important of whom (in this respect) are Wilhelm Reich and Erich Fromm. Among other important participants in the establis ...

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Character structure - On-line Information

Structures: Encyclopedia - Chemical structure

Chemical structure is the arrangement of atoms within a molecule, usually linked by covalent bonds. Chemical structure can range from the very simple, such as diatomic oxygen or nitrogen molecules, to the very complex, such as protein or DNA molecules. Chemical structure can be represented using a structural formula. A common method for determining chemical structure is X-ray diffraction. See also. Chemical conformation ...

Structures: Encyclopedia - Data structure

In computer science, a data structure is a way of storing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Often a carefully chosen data structure will allow a more efficient algorithm to be used. The choice of the data structure often begins from the choice of an abstract data structure. A well-designed data structure allows a variety of critical operations to be performed, using as little resource ...

Structures: Encyclopedia - Breakwater structure

Breakwaters are structures constructed on coasts as part of coastal defense or to protect an anchorage from the affects of weather and longshore drift. Breakwater structure - Coastal defense. They are constructed some distance away from the coast or built with one end linked to the coast. The breakwaters may be small structures, placed one to three hundred feet offshore in relatively shallow water, designed to protect a gently sloping beach. Breakwaters may be either fixed or floating: the choice depends on ...

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Structures: Encyclopedia - Electronic band structure

In solid state physics, the electronic band structure (or simply band structure) of a solid is the series of "forbidden" and "allowed" energy bands that it contains. The band structure determines a material's electronic properties, optical properties, and a variety of other properties. Electronic band structure - Why bands occur. The electrons of a single free-standing atom occupy atomic orbitals, which form a discrete set of energy levels. If several atoms are brought together into a molecule, their ...

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Electronic band structure - Theory of band structures in crystals

Structures: Encyclopedia - World's tallest structures

Until the mid 20th century the record for the world's tallest structure was relatively clearly defined (see table below.) Since that time however, more debate and confusion has been present over the criteria and definitions involved. In terms of absolute height, most of the tallest structures are the dozens of radio and television broadcasting towers that are around 600 meters (2000 feet) tall. Tall-structure enthusiasts debate: whether guy-wire–supported structures should be eligible to be counted wheth ...

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Structures: Encyclopedia - Crystal structure

In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. A crystal structure is composed of a unit cell, a set of atoms arranged in a particular way; which is periodically repeated in three dimensions on a lattice. The spacing between unit cells in various directions are called its lattice parameters. The symmetry properties of the crystal are embodied in its space group. A crystal's structure and symmetry play a role in determining many of its properties, such as cleavage, el ...

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Structures: Encyclopedia II - Structuralism - Structuralism in linguistics

Ferdinand de Saussure is the originator of the 20th century reappearance of structuralism, specifically in his 1916 book Course in General Linguistics, where he focused not on the use of language (parole, or talk), but rather on the underlying system of language (langue) and called his theory semiotics. This approach focused on examining how the elements of language related to each other in the present, that is, 'synchronically' rather than 'diachronically'. Finally, he argued that linguistic signs were composed o ...

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Structures

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