See Breed (song) for the song of the same name by Nirvana. A breed is a domesticated subspecies or infrasubspecies of an animal. A breed has no close analogy for domesticated plants. An important difference is that plants are commonly propagated by striking or grafting cuttings: there is no corresponding technique for animals. Cloning may change this if it becomes more available. A breed should also be distinguished from a strain, which is simply the descendants of a single significant individual, an ...

Including:

Breed - Common animal breeds

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Asian Flu was a pandemic outbreak of avian influenza that originated in China in 1957 and spread worldwide that same year, lasting until 1958. Estimates of worldwide casualty numbers vary widely, ranging from one million to four million people. Asian Flu was of the H2N2 strain (a notation that refers to the configuration of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins in the virus) of type A influenza, and a flu vaccine was dev ...

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Anthrax, also referred to as splenic fever, is an acute infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis and is highly lethal in its most virulent form. Anthrax most commonly occurs in wild and domestic herbivores, but it can also occur in humans when they are exposed to infected animals, tissue from infected animals, or high concentrations of anthrax spores. Still there are no cases of people who got sick through contact with a diseased person. The word anthrax is derived from the Greek word anthrakis, which means "coal", and is us ...

Including:

Anthrax - Exposure Anthrax - Means of infection
Anthrax - Pulmonary pneumonic respiratory inhalation anthrax Anthrax - Gastrointestinal gastroenteric anthrax Anthrax - Cutaneous skin anthrax
Anthrax - Treatment and prevention Anthrax - Site cleanup Anthrax - Description of the bacterium Anthrax - Biological warfare Anthrax - Pasteur

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The SI unit of modulus of elasticity is the pascal. Given the large values typical of many common materials, figures are often quoted in megapascals or gigapascals. The modulus of elasticity can also be measured in other units of pressure, for example pounds per square inch (psi). ...

See also:

Young's modulus, Young's modulus - Units, Young's modulus - Usage, Young's modulus - Linear vs non-linear, Young's modulus - Directional materials, Young's modulus - Calculation, Young's modulus - Tension, Young's modulus - Elastic potential energy, Young's modulus - Approximate values

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The Young's modulus allows the behavior of a material under load to be calculated. For instance, it can be used to predict the amount a wire will extend under tension, or to predict the load at which a thin column will buckle under compression. Some calculations also require the use of other material properties, such as the shear modulus, density, or Poisson's ratio. Young's modulus - Linear vs non-linear. For many materials, Young's modulus is a constant over a range of strains. Such materials are called ...

See also:

Young's modulus, Young's modulus - Units, Young's modulus - Usage, Young's modulus - Linear vs non-linear, Young's modulus - Directional materials, Young's modulus - Calculation, Young's modulus - Tension, Young's modulus - Elastic potential energy, Young's modulus - Approximate values

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Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its previous shape after stress is released. In some materials, the relation between applied stress and the resulting strain is directly proportional (up to a certain limit), and a graph representing those two quantities is a straight line. Hooke's law describes such relationships and is valuable in the study of springs. (see Solid mechanics). In other materials, the relation is not linear at all. In steel, the most common material for making springs, most of the elastic range is linear, though the relation becomes non-linear at the ...

See also:

Strength of materials, Strength of materials - Definitions, Strength of materials - Stress terms, Strength of materials - Strength terms, Strength of materials - Strain - deformation terms, Strength of materials - Stress - strain relations, Strength of materials - Design terms, Strength of materials - Suggested reading

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Strain tensor - One-dimensional elongation. When the [AB] segment, parallel to the x1-axis, is deformed to become the [A'B' ] segment, the deformation being also parallel to x1 the ε11 strain is (expressed in algebraic length): Considering that and the strain is The series expansion of u1 is and thus And in general See also:

Strain tensor, Strain tensor - Demonstration in simple cases, Strain tensor - One-dimensional elongation, Strain tensor - Pure shear strain, Strain tensor - Relative variation of the volume

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Steel generally exhibits a very linear stress-strain relationship up to a well defined yield point (figure 1). The linear portion of the curve is the elastic region and the slope is the modulus of elasticity or Young's Modulus. After the yield point the curve typically decreases slightly due to dislocations escaping from their carbon atmospheres. As deformation continues the stress increases due to strain hardening until it reaches the ultimate strength. Until this point the cross-sectional area decreases uniformally due to Poisson contracti ...

See also:

Stress-strain curve, Stress-strain curve - Ductile materials, Stress-strain curve - Brittle Materials

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The Acacia Strain - Studio Releases. And Life is Very Long - (2002) 3750 - (2003) ...

See also:

The Acacia Strain, The Acacia Strain - Biography, The Acacia Strain - Discography, The Acacia Strain - Studio Releases, The Acacia Strain - Videography, The Acacia Strain - Band Members, The Acacia Strain - Current Lineup, The Acacia Strain - Former Members

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Repetitive strain injury is not a specific disease but a loose group of other, more specific conditions. Some of these are: Tendonitis Ulnar nerve entrapment Stenosing tenosynovitis Tenosynovitis Carpal tunnel syndrome DeQuervain's syndrome Thoracic outlet syndrome Trigger finger/thumb Intersection syndrome Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) Note that many of these disorders are interrelated, so a typical sufferer may have ma ...

See also:

Repetitive strain injury, Repetitive strain injury - Specific conditions, Repetitive strain injury - Warning signs, Repetitive strain injury - Prevention, Repetitive strain injury - Treatment

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RSI conditions have many varied symptoms. The following may indicate the onset of an RSI. Recurring pain or soreness in neck, shoulders, upper back, wrists or hands. Tingling, numbness, coldness or loss of sensation. Loss of grip strength, lack of endurance, weakness, fatigue. Muscles in the arms and shoulders feel hard and wiry when palpated. Pain or numbness while lying in bed. Often early stage RSI sufferers mistakenly think they are lying on their a ...

See also:

Repetitive strain injury, Repetitive strain injury - Specific conditions, Repetitive strain injury - Warning signs, Repetitive strain injury - Prevention, Repetitive strain injury - Treatment

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When making the scene in the movie where one of the doctors has an epileptic seizure due to watching a blinking red light, care had to be taken when choosing the frequency of the blinking, so it was the less likely frequency to trigger seizures among the theater audience. The alien "virus" turns out to be crystal based, and although it contains the same atoms as "normal" life, it lacks DNA/RNA, proteins and amino acid. It is able to transfer energy to mass directly. Crystal-based life have also appeared in Star Trek: The Next Generation, and it has also been give ...

See also:

The Andromeda Strain, The Andromeda Strain - Synopsis, The Andromeda Strain - Trivia, The Andromeda Strain - Odd Man Hypothesis

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The following applies to typing or computer use. RSI is best prevented in its early stages before it becomes difficult to control. Pay attention to pain and fatigue. Stop using the computer BEFORE you begin to feel symptoms. Pay attention to posture. The head and back should form a straight line from the ears to the pelvis. The shoulders and head should not be hunched forward. Take regular breaks. One option is to install reminder software. Avoid resting the wrists on anything when typing. Hold them st ...

See also:

Repetitive strain injury, Repetitive strain injury - Specific conditions, Repetitive strain injury - Warning signs, Repetitive strain injury - Prevention, Repetitive strain injury - Treatment

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If RSI symptoms have already appeared, there are further methods of treatment which should be used in addition to the above preventative techniques. The sufferer should gather as much information as possible on their disorder. RSI healing generally cannot be achieved solely by medical professionals and requires active participation by the patient over a period of several months. The more the patient understands, the more likely it is that treatment will be effective. Consider reading books (see references) as well as asking seve ...

See also:

Repetitive strain injury, Repetitive strain injury - Specific conditions, Repetitive strain injury - Warning signs, Repetitive strain injury - Prevention, Repetitive strain injury - Treatment

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The 3-D strain-displacement equations are as follows: Where εi is the normal strain in the i direction, γij is the shear strain in the ij plane, and u, v, and w are the respective displacements in the x, y, and z directions. These equations have 9 more unknown quantities, and only 6 more equations. With equilibrium there are a ...

See also:

3-D Elasticity, 3-D Elasticity - Equilibrium, 3-D Elasticity - Strain-Displacement Equations, 3-D Elasticity - Constitutive, 3-D Elasticity - Compatibility

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The strain was unusual in commonly killing many young and healthy victims, as opposed to more common influenzas which caused the bulk of their mortality among newborns and the old and infirm. People without symptoms could be struck suddenly and be rendered too feeble to walk within hours; many would die the next day. Symptoms included a blue tint to the face and coughing up blood caused by severe obstruction of the lungs. In further stages, the virus caused an uncontrollable haemorrhaging that filled the lung ...

See also:

Spanish flu, Spanish flu - Mutation theory, Spanish flu - Effects of new strain, Spanish flu - Social facts, Spanish flu - Notable victims, Spanish flu - Recent research, Spanish flu - Sources

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The strain was unusual in commonly killing many young and healthy victims, as opposed to more common influenzas which caused the bulk of their mortality among newborns and the old and infirm. People without symptoms could be struck suddenly and be rendered too feeble to walk within hours; many would die the next day. Symptoms included a blue tint to the face and coughing up blood caused by severe obstruction of the lungs. In further stages, the virus caused an uncontrollable hemoraging that filled the lung ...

See also:

Spanish flu, Spanish flu - Mutation theory, Spanish flu - Effects of new strain, Spanish flu - Social facts, Spanish flu - Notable victims, Spanish flu - Recent research, Spanish flu - Sources

Read more here: » Spanish flu: Encyclopedia II - Spanish flu - Effects of new strain

Fracture Mechanics was invented during World War I by English aeronautical engineer, A.A.Griffith, to explain the failure of brittle materials. Griffith was faced with the problem that theoretical calculations showed that the stress at the tip of a sharp crack approaches infinity. Accordingly, any structure containing a crack should fail, no matter how small the crack or how light the load. To solve this dilemma, Griffith developed a thermodynamic approach. He assumed that growth of a crack requires creation of surface energy, which is suppl ...

See also:

Fracture mechanics, Fracture mechanics - The Need for Fracture Mechanics, Fracture mechanics - Griffith's Crack Theory: Strain Energy Release Rate G, Fracture mechanics - Griffith's Crack Theory: Stress Intensity Factor K, Fracture mechanics - Short Summary, Fracture mechanics - See Also

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On December 14, 2005, researchers at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, led by Dr. Ken Dewar and Dr. Andre Dascal and in collaboration with state-organized NPO Genome Quebec's research facility, announced they had cracked the genetic code of the highly virulent Quebec strain of C. difficile. This was accomplished by using ultra high-throughput sequencing technology. The tests involved doing 400,000 DNA parallel sequencing reactions which took the bacterium's genome apart and reassembled it so it could be studied (Loo et al 2005).See also:

Clostridium difficile, Clostridium difficile - Bacteriology, Clostridium difficile - Characteristics, Clostridium difficile - Toxins, Clostridium difficile - Role in disease, Clostridium difficile - Diagnosis and treatment, Clostridium difficile - Pharmacotherapy, Clostridium difficile - Recurrence, Clostridium difficile - Notable outbreaks, Clostridium difficile - Cracking of the genetic code of the Quebec strain, Clostridium difficile - External link

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If Maxwell material is suddenly deformed to strain of ε0 and is kept under this deformation, then the stresses would exponentially decay: σ(t) = Eε0exp( − λt), where t is time and the rate of relaxation The picture shows dependence of dimensionless stress upon dimensionless time λt: If we would free the material at time t1, then the ela ...

See also:

Maxwell material, Maxwell material - Definition, Maxwell material - Effect of a sudden deformation, Maxwell material - Effect of a sudden stress, Maxwell material - Dynamic modulus

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The various definitions of tensile strength are shown in the the following stress-strain graph for low-carbon steel: Steel has a very linear stress-strain relationship up to a sharply defined yield point, as shown in the figure. For stresses below this yield strength all deformation is recoverable, and the material will relax into its initial shape when the load is removed. For stresses above the yield point, a portion of the deformation is not recoverable, and the material will not relax into its initial shape. This unrecoverable def ...

See also:

Tensile strength, Tensile strength - Concept, Tensile strength - Typical tensile strengths, Tensile strength - Sources, Tensile strength - Further information, Tensile strength - External links

Read more here: » Tensile strength: Encyclopedia II - Tensile strength - Concept