Definition and meaning of strain:

strain - a group of individuals within a species having a common origin; a specific genetic variant of an organism; a pure-breeding lineage, usually of haploid organisms, bacteria or viruses; the descendants of a single isolation in pure culture

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

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The Ames strain is one of 89 strains from the anthrax bacteria (Bacillus anthracis). It was isolated from a diseased cow that died in Texas. Researchers mistakenly believed the strain came from Ames, Iowa and mislabeled the specimen. The Ames strain came to the public's attention during the 2001 anthrax attacks. Seven letters mailed to media outlets and United States Senators in September 18, 2001 and October 9, 2001 bio-terror attacks contained anthrax bacteria which grew from this particular strain. This strain is ...

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STRAIN / COUNTERSTRAIN

Developed by osteopath Lawrence Jones, this noninvasive treatment helps decrease protective muscle spasms and alleviate somatic dysfunction in the musculoskeletal system.

By using palpation and passive positional procedures, the therapist practicing strain/counterstrain therapy can help restore pain-free movement. The position that relieves the referred pain is held for 90 seconds. After resuming the original position and pressing the trigger point, the referred pain is gone.

Although the client is often asked to bend or twist like a contortionist to secure a comfortable position, for the most part clients report effectiveness of the procedure.

(See also: STRAIN, Alternative Health, Massage, Bodywork, Body Mind and Soul)

Strain & Counterstrain

Developed by L.H. Jones, an American ost�opathe, the method of correction consists in relieving an articular or muscular pain by proceeding by pressures on specific places, and by mobilizing the segment implied during 90 seconds. The strain and counterstrain is the technique quite indicated to treat pains caused by a bursite, a tendinitis, cephalgias of tension, an irritated sciatic nerve, a loss of articular mobility, and more.

(See also: Strain & Counterstrain, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Advanced Strain and Counterstrain

is a myofascial release method for smooth (involuntary) muscle tissue using specific positioning and directional pressure from the therapist. Through ASCS it is possible to directly affect and improve bladder spasms, difficulty swallowing, irritable bowel syndrome, and other conditions caused by autonomic nervous system disorders.

(See also: Strain and Counterstrain, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Strain and Counterstrain

also known as Positional Release, is an indirect technique to painlessly release tender/trigger points in 90 seconds by temporarily repositioning the body in the position of greatest ease, the "counterstrain" position.

It could be described as the opposite of stretching, and works by re-educating the muscle spindle cells, which function as tension regulators for the muscles. It is able to address problems, such as rib dysfunctions, that are not treatable by other means. Developed by Lawrence Jones, D.O. in the 1950's, it has minimal impact on the circulatory system and is safe for everyone.

(See also: Strain and Counterstrain, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

“ We strive to write the heaviest music possible, bottom line,” says vocalist Vincent Bennett. “The three guitars, full stacks, and A# tuning help in doing this.” That's right, three guitars. Most bands need to record multiple guitar tracks in the studio to achieve the kind of heaviness The Acacia Strain deliver every time they step on stage. This bludgeonous Springfield, Massachusetts sextet may have set out to write the heaviest music possi ...

See also:

The Acacia Strain, The Acacia Strain - Biography, The Acacia Strain - Discography, The Acacia Strain - Studio Releases, The Acacia Strain - Videography, The Acacia Strain - Band Members, The Acacia Strain - Current Lineup, The Acacia Strain - Former Members

Read more here: » The Acacia Strain: Encyclopedia II - The Acacia Strain - Biography

With the Lunar Strain and Subterranean re-release in 1999, following tracks had been added: Stand Ablaze (4:35) Everdying (4:23) Subterranean (5:47) Timeless (1:46) Biosphere (5:11) Dead Eternity (5:02) The Inborn Lifeless (3:22) Total playing time (Lunar Strain): 36 minutes 43 seconds. Total playing time (Lunar Strain & Subterranean): 76 minutes 43 seconds. ...

See also:

Lunar Strain, Lunar Strain - Track listing

Read more here: » Lunar Strain: Encyclopedia II - Lunar Strain - Track listing

Given that strain results in the deformation of a body, it can be measured by calculating the change in length of a line or by the change in angle between two lines (where these lines are theoretical constructs within the deformed body). The change in length of a line is termed the stretch or absolute strain, and may be written as . Then the (relative) strain, , is given by where is the original length of the material and is the extension. The extension is positive if the material has gained length (in tension), and negative if it has reduced length (in compres ...

See also:

Strain materials science, Strain materials science - Quantifying strain, Strain materials science - Engineering strain vs. true strain

Read more here: » Strain materials science: Encyclopedia II - Strain materials science - Quantifying strain

The above definition (known technically as engineering strain) is not linear, in that strains cannot be totalled. Imagine that a body is deformed twice, first by and then by (cumulative deformation). The final strain is slightly different from the sum of the strains: and As long as , it is possible to write: and thus True strain, however, can be totalled ...

See also:

Strain materials science, Strain materials science - Quantifying strain, Strain materials science - Engineering strain vs. true strain

Read more here: » Strain materials science: Encyclopedia II - Strain materials science - Engineering strain vs. true strain

A viscoelastic material is one in which: hysteresis is seen in the stress-strain curve. stress relaxation occurs: step constant strain causes decreasing stress creep occurs: step constant stress causes increasing strain Viscoelastic material models are frequently used to describe the behaviour of (soft) human tissue, plastics, soil, etc. Commonly used viscoelastic models are the Kelvin material and Maxwell material. Each model can be represented by springs and dashpot ...

Including:

Viscoelasticity - Related articles

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Yield strength, or the yield point, is defined in engineering as the amount of strain that a material can undergo before moving from elastic deformation into plastic deformation. Elastic deformation is spring-like deformation, where a material will return to its original shape. The stress felt by a material given a certain strain is defined by linear relationship, with a slope defined by the modulus of elasticity (E). If too much strain is applied, the material will deform permanently, or plastically. The yield point is often defined, ...

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RSI may refer to: Repetitive strain injury, a disorder affecting bone and muscle from repetitive movements Research Science Institute, a summer research program held at MIT for rising high school seniors Rapid sequence induction, a form of anæsthesia Relative strength index, a security market indicator Radiotelevisione svizzera di lingua italiana, a Swiss radio broadcaster Italian Social Republic, Repubblica Sociale Italiana Revenue and Social Insurance number, in the

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In solid mechanics, Young's modulus (also known as the modulus of elasticity or elastic modulus) is a measure of the stiffness of a given material. It is defined as the limit for small strains of the rate of change of stress with strain. This can be experimentally determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve created during tensile tests conducted on a sample of the material. Young's modulus is named after Thomas Young the English physicist, physician, and Egyptologist. Young's modulus - Units. Including:

Young's modulus - Units Young's modulus - Usage
Young's modulus - Linear vs non-linear Young's modulus - Directional materials
Young's modulus - Calculation
Young's modulus - Tension Young's modulus - Elastic potential energy
Young's modulus - Approximate values

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Cold Work is a quality imparted on a material as a result of plastic deformation at low to moderate temperatures (typically <0.5 Tm). Such deformation increases the concentration of dislocations which may subsequently form low-angle grain boundaries surrounding sub-grains. Cold work generally results in a higher yield strength as a result of the increased number of dislocations and the Hall-Petch effect of the sub-grains. However, there is a simultaneous decrease in the ductility. The effects of cold working may be removed by annealing the material at high temperatures where recovery and r ...

Including:

Cold work - Theory
Cold work - Elastic and Plastic Deformation Cold work - Dislocations and Lattice Strain Fields Cold work - Increase of dislocations and Cold Work Cold work - Example

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The bulk modulus K of a fluid or solid is the inverse of the compressibility: where p is pressure and V is volume. The bulk modulus thus measures the response in pressure due to a change in relative volume, essentially measuring the substance's resistance to uniform compression. Other moduli describe the material's response to other kinds of strain: the shear modulus describes the response to shear, and Young's modulus describes the response to linear strain. For a fluid, only the bulk ...

Including:

Bulk modulus - Examples

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Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is a condition resulting from focusing the eyes on a computer display for protacted, uninterrupted periods of time. Some symptoms of CVS include headaches, blurred vision, neck pain, fatigue, eye strain, dry, irritated eyes, and difficulty refocusing the eyes. One may be able to mitigate the risk of CVS by adhering to the "20-20-20 rule": every 20 minutes, focus the eyes on an object 20 feet away for 20 seconds. Also, the use of over-the-counter artificial tea ...

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A subset of the phases of matter, fluids include liquids, gases, plasmas and, to some extent, plastic solids. Fluids share the properties of not resisting deformation and the ability to flow (also described as their ability to take on the shape of their containers). These properties are typically a function of their inability to support a shear stress in static equilibrium. While in a solid, stress is a function of strain, in a fluid stress is a function of rate of strain. A consequence of this behaviour is Pascal's law which entails the important role of ...

Read more here: » Fluid: Encyclopedia - Fluid

Cycloalkanes are chemical compounds with a one or more rings of carbons to which hydrogens are attached according to the formula CnH2n. Cycloalkanes with a single ring are named analogously to their normal alkane counterpart of the same carbon count: cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, etc. The larger cycloalkanes, with greater than 20 carbon atoms are typically called cycloparaffins. Cycloalkanes are classified into small, normal and bigger cycloalkanes, where cyclopropane and cyclobutane are the small ones, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane are ...

Including:

Cycloalkane - Nomenclature Cycloalkane - Reactions

Read more here: » Cycloalkane: Encyclopedia - Cycloalkane