Story of Wenamun

The Story of Wenamun (alternately known as the Report of Wenamun, The Misadventures of Wenamun, or [informally] as just Wenamun) is a literary text written in hieratic in the Late Egyptian language. It is only known from one incomplete copy discovered in 1890 at al-Hibah, Egypt, and subsequently purchased in 1891 in Cairo by the Russian Egyptologist Vladimir Semenovič Goleniščev (Caminos 1977:1). The papyrus is now in the collection of the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow, and officially designated as Pap ...

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It was once widely believed that the Story of Wenamun was an actual historical account, written by Wenamun as a report regarding his travels. However, literary analysis conducted by Egyptologists since the 1980s (Helck 1986) indicates that it is a work of historical fiction, a view now generally accepted by most professionals working on the text. For details, see Baines 1999; Scheepers 1992; Egberts 2001; Sass 2002; Schipper 2005. The late Jaroslav Cerny found that the text had no corrections, and was apparently written without any in ...

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Ancient Egypt was a civilization along the Lower Nile, reaching from the Nile Delta in the north as far south as Jebel Barkal at the time of its greatest extension (15th century BC). It lasted for three millennia, from circa 3200 BC to 343 BC, ending with the conquest of Alexander the Great. As a civilization based on irrigation it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire. Ancient Egypt - Geography. Most of Egypt is in North Africa; though the Sinai Peninsula is in Southwest Asia. The coun ...

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The name of the state translated as "Alashiya" is found on texts written in Egyptian, Hittite, Akkadian, Mycenean (Linear B) and Ugaritic. A number of the Amarna letters are from the King or ministers of Alashiya. These mostly concern the amount of copper that has been sent from Alashiya and requests for silver or ivory in return. One letter refers to 500 talents of copper (probably about 12.5 tons) and makes excuses as to why so little copper has been sent. Pharaoh is also referred to by the King of Alashiya as his "brother", indicating tha ...

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See Predynastic Egypt for inventions and other significant achievements in the Sahara region before the Protodynastic Period. The art and science of engineering was present in Egypt, such as accurately determining the position of points and the distances between them (known as surveying). These skills were used to outline pyramid bases. The Egyptian pyramids took the geometric shape formed from a polygonal base and a point, called the apex, by triangular faces. Hydraulic Cement was first invented by the Egyptians. The Al Fayyum Irriga ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Government, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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See Predynastic Egypt for inventions and other significant achievements in the Sahara region before the Protodynastic Period. The art and science of engineering was present in Egypt, such as accurately determining the position of points and the distances between them (known as surveying). These skills were used to outline pyramid bases. The Egyptian pyramids took the geometric shape formed from a polygonal base and a point, called the apex, by triangular faces. Hydraulic Cement was first invented by the Egyptians. The Al Fayyum Irriga ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People and Origins, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Taxation, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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The Egyptian religions, embodied in Egyptian mythology, were the succession of beliefs held by the people of Egypt, until the coming of Christianity and Islam. These were conducted by Egyptian priests or magicians, but the use of magic and spells is questioned. The religious nature of ancient Egyptian civilization influenced its contribution to the arts of the ancient world. Many of the great works of ancient Egypt depict gods, goddesses, and phara ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People and Origins, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Taxation, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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Alashiya therefore needs to be situated somewhere where there was sizable Bronze Age copper production, on the coast, and in the East Mediterranean. Some scholars have suggested sites and areas of Syria or Turkey, but it is now generally (although not universally) agreed that Alashiya refers to at least part of Cyprus. Specifically, it was generally argued that the site of Enkomi was the capital of the kingdom of Alashiya, ...

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Alashiya, Alashiya - The texts, Alashiya - The identification of Alashiya, Alashiya - Bibliography

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Egypt is a transcontinental nation located mostly in North Africa, with the Sinai peninsula lying in Asia. The country has shorelines on the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Suez; it borders Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and the Gaza Strip, Palestine and Israel to the east. Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. The Nile river flows northward from a southerly point to the Mediterranean. The Nile river, around which much of the population of the country clusters, has been the lifeline for Egyptian cultu ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People and Origins, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Taxation, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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It is particularly noteworthy that the basic elements of Egyptian culture were remarkably stable and changed little over a period of nearly 3000 years. The religion, customs, art expression, architecture, and social structure, over that time are "un-mistakably" Egyptian. The history of ancient Egypt proper starts with Egypt as a unified state, which occurred sometime around 3000 BC. Narmer, who unified Upper and Lower Egypt, was the first pharaoh, though archaeological evi ...

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Archaeological findings show that nomadic hunter-gatherers lived along the Nile during the Pleistocene. Traces of these early peoples appear in the form of artifacts and rock carvings along the terraces of the Nile and in the oases. By about 6000 B.C., organized agriculture and large building construction had appeared in the Nile Valley. Many theories have been proposed regarding the origins of these early Egyptians, but the most widely accepted today based on the continuum of scientific evidence is that prehistoric Egyptian society was form ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People and Origins, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Taxation, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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Ancient Egyptian constitutes an independent branch of the Afro-Asiatic language phylum. Its closest relatives are the Berber, Semitic, and Beja groups of languages. Written records of the Egyptian language have been dated from about 3200 BC, making it one of the oldest and longest documented languages. Scholars group Egyptian into six major chronological divisions: Archaic Egyptian (before 3000 BC) Consists of inscriptions from the late Predynastic and Early Dynastic period. The earliest known evidence of Egyptian hieroglyphic w ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People and Origins, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Taxation, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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The ancient Egyptians spoke an Afro-Asiatic language related to Chadic, Berber and Semitic languages. Records of the ancient Egyptian language have been dated to about 3200 BC. Scholars group the Egyptian language into six major chronological divisions: Archaic Egyptian (before 2600 BC) Old Egyptian (2600–2000 BC) Middle Egyptian (2000–1300 BC) Late Egyptian (1300–700 BC) Demotic Egyptian (7th century BC–4th century AD) Coptic (3rd–17th century AD) < ...

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The ancient Egyptians themselves traced their origin to a land they called Punt, or "Ta Nteru" ("Land of the Gods"). Once commonly thought to be located on what is today the Somali coast, Punt now is thought to have been in either southern Sudan or Eritrea. The history of ancient Egypt proper starts with Egypt as a unified state, which occurred sometime around 3000 BC. Though archaeological evidenc ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Government, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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Most of Egypt is in North Africa; though the Sinai Peninsula is in Southwest Asia. The country has shorelines on the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea; it borders Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, and the Gaza Strip, Palestine and Israel to the east. Ancient Egypt was divided into two kingdoms, known as Upper and Lower Egypt. Somewhat counter-intuitively, Upper Egypt was in the south and Lower Egypt in the north, named according to the flow of the Nile. The Nile river flows northward from a southerly point to the Mediterranean rather th ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Government, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

Read more here: » Ancient Egypt: Encyclopedia II - Ancient Egypt - Geography

The Egyptian religions, embodied in Egyptian mythology, were the succession of beliefs held by the people of Egypt, until the coming of Christianity and Islam. These were conducted by Egyptian priests or magicians, but the use of magic and spells is questioned. The religious nature of ancient Egyptian civilization influenced its contribution to the arts of the ancient world. Many of the great works of ancient Egypt depict gods, goddesses, and pharaohs, who were also considered divine. Ancient Egyptian art in general is characterized by the i ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Government, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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A recent genetic study links the maternal lineage of a traditional population from Upper Egypt to Eastern Africa [1]. A separate study further narrows the genetic lineage to North East Africa ([2]) and reveals also that modern day Egyptians "reflect a mixture of African,European,and Middle Eastern." Champollion t ...

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Ancient Egypt, Ancient Egypt - Geography, Ancient Egypt - People, Ancient Egypt - History, Ancient Egypt - Government, Ancient Egypt - Language, Ancient Egypt - Writing, Ancient Egypt - Literature, Ancient Egypt - Culture, Ancient Egypt - Ancient achievements, Ancient Egypt - Timeline, Ancient Egypt - Open problems, Ancient Egypt - Notes

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The text is set in a "Year 5", generally taken to be Year 5 of the so-called Renaissance of Pharaoh Ramesses XI, the tenth and last ruler of the Twentieth dynasty of Ancient Egypt; this was equivalent to Ramesses XI's 19th regnal year. Egberts (1991) argues, however, that the story is set in the 5th regnal year of Smendes I, the Delta-based founder of the 21st Dynasty. As this latter view assumes the High Priest Herihor followed Piankh (their relative order is normally reversed), it has n ...

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Story of Wenamun, Story of Wenamun - The text, Story of Wenamun - Analysis, Story of Wenamun - Importance of the document, Story of Wenamun - Websites

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