Sternum or breastbone is a long, flat bone located in the center of the thorax (chest). It connects to the rib bones via cartilage, forming the rib cage with them, and thus helps to protect the lungs and heart from physical trauma. The sternum is usually cut open (a sternotomy) to gain access to the thoracic contents when performing cardiothoracic surgery. Sternum - Overview. The sternum (Figs. 1 to 3) is an elongated, flattened bone, forming the middle portion of the anterior wall of the thor ...

Including:

• Sternum - Overview
• Sternum - Manubrium
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Body
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Borders
• Sternum - Xiphoid Process
• Sternum - Surfaces
• Sternum - Structure
• Sternum - Ossification
• Sternum - Articulations
• Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

Read more here: » Sternum: Encyclopedia - Sternum

See also:

Sternum, Sternum - Overview, Sternum - Manubrium, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Borders, Sternum - Body, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Borders, Sternum - Xiphoid Process, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Structure, Sternum - Ossification, Sternum - Articulations, Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

Read more here: » Sternum: Encyclopedia II - Sternum - Manubrium

The sternum originally consists of two cartilaginous bars, situated one on either side of the median plane and connected with the cartilages of the upper nine ribs of its own side. These two bars fuse with each other along the middle line to form the cartilaginous sternum which is ossified from six centers: one for the manubrium, four for the body, and one for the xiphoid process [Fig. 4]. The ossific centers appear in the intervals between the articular depressions for the costal cartilages, in the following order: in t ...

See also:

Sternum, Sternum - Overview, Sternum - Manubrium, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Borders, Sternum - Body, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Borders, Sternum - Xiphoid Process, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Structure, Sternum - Ossification, Sternum - Articulations, Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

Read more here: » Sternum: Encyclopedia II - Sternum - Ossification

The xiphoid process is a small cartilaginous extension to the lower part of the sternum which is usually ossified in the adult human. By age 25 to 29, the xiphoid usually fuses to the body of the sternum with a fibrous joint. Unlike the synovial articulation of major joints, this is non movable. Much the way the first seven ribs articulate with the sternum, the cartilage in the solar plexus joins on the xiphoid process, reinforcing it, and ind ...

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Fourth Chakra: The Heart Chakra or Anahat Chakra

The fourth chakra, the chakra of the heart, is the place where resides our Spirit, our true Self, which is eternally pure and unaffected by anything, like a shining diamond hidden within us which witnesses all our actions. After Self Realization, our attention becomes for the first time connected to our Spirit and we gradually become aware of it. Our misidentifications with our ego or conditionings drop and we start becoming identified with our Spirit, which is our true nature.

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('corpus sterni; gladiolus') The body, considerably longer, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end. Sternum - Surfaces. Its anterior surface is nearly flat, directed upward and forward, and marked by three transverse ridges which cross the bone opposite the third, fourth, and fifth articular depressions. 18 It affords attachment on either side to the sternal origin of the Pectoralis major. At the junction of the third and fourth pieces of the body is occasionally seen an orifice, the sternal fo ...

See also:

Sternum, Sternum - Overview, Sternum - Manubrium, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Borders, Sternum - Body, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Borders, Sternum - Xiphoid Process, Sternum - Surfaces, Sternum - Structure, Sternum - Ossification, Sternum - Articulations, Sternum - Fractures of the Sternum

Read more here: » Sternum: Encyclopedia II - Sternum - Body

In phylogenetic taxonomy, the Carinatae are considered the last common ancestor of Neornithes (living birds) and Ichthyornis (an extinct seabird of the Cretaceous). Defined in this way, the group includes all living birds, including ratites (ostrich, emu, etc.), as well as neognathous birds and a few Mesozoic forms. Traditionally, Carinatae were defined as all birds having a keeled sternum. The carina or "keel" referred to a strong median ridge running down the length of the sternum, or breast bone. This is an important area fo ...

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A Bifid rib or bifurcated rib or sternum bifidum is a congenital abnormality occurring in about 1% of the population. The sternal end of the rib is cleaved into two. It is usually unilateral. Effects of this neuroskeletal anomaly can include respiratory difficulties, neurological difficulties, limitations,and limited energy from the stress of needing to compensate for the neurophysiological difficulties. ...

Read more here: » Bifid rib: Encyclopedia - Bifid rib

In human anatomy, the clavicle or collar bone is a bone that makes up part of the shoulder girdle (pectoral girdle). Clavicle - Overview. It is a doubly-curved long bone that connects the arm (upper limb) to the body (trunk), located directly above the first rib. Medially, it articulates with the breast-bone (sternum) at the sternoclavicular joint. At its lateral end it articulates with the acromion of the shoulder-blade (scapula) at the acromioclavicular joint. It is shorter, thinner, less curved, a ...

Including:

• Clavicle - Overview
• Clavicle - Functions
• Clavicle - Attachments
• Clavicle - Development
• Clavicle - Common Clavicle Injuries
• Clavicle - Note about anatomical position

Read more here: » Clavicle: Encyclopedia - Clavicle

Latreille, 1802 Dromiacea Raninoida Heterotremata Thoracotremata The term crab is often applied to several different groups of short (nose to tail) decapods with thick exoskeletons, but only members of the Brachyura are true crabs; other taxa, such as hermit crabs, porcelain crabs, king crabs, and horseshoe crabs are, despite superficial similarities, not crabs at all. Hermit crabs, king crabs and porcelain crabs belong to the Anomala and can be distingui ...

Including:

• Crab - True crabs
• Crab - Sexual dimorphism
• Crab - Other animals
• Crab - Superfamilies

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The chest is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. Chest - Chest anatomy - Humans and other hominids. In hominids, the chest is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the ribcage, spine, and shoulder girdle. Contents of the chest include the following: organs heart lungs muscles major and minor pectoral musclesIncluding:

• Chest - Chest anatomy - Humans and other hominids
• Chest - Chest anatomy - Other animals
• Chest - Chest injury

Read more here: » Chest: Encyclopedia - Chest

The cuboid bone is one of seven Tarsal bones. Distally, the Cuboid articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsals, forming the fourth and fifth tarsometatarsal joints. Proximally, it articulates with the calcaneus, forming the calcaneocuboid joint. The medial surface of the bone articulates with both the lateral cuneiform bone and the navicular bone. The inferior surface has a groove on its distal th ...

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The bench press is an exercise in powerlifting and bodybuilding in which the lifter lies on his/her back on a bench, raising and lowering the bar directly above the chest. It is intended for the development of the chest, or pectoral, muscles, frontal shoulders, serratus, but a variation exists for the triceps. In powerlifting, however, where the focus is to achieve a single very heavy repetition, the force for a bench press is exerted by the triceps, anterior deltoids and the lattisimus ...

Including:

• Bench press - Non-athletic use

Read more here: » Bench press: Encyclopedia - Bench press

The calcaneus is the large bone making up the heel of the human foot or the point of an animal's hock. Calcaneus - Human. It articulates with two other tarsal bones, the talus above and the cuboid toward the midfoot. In addition to receiving the weight of the body with each step, the calcaneus is the anchor for the plantar fascia, which supports the arch of the foot. The posterior-most portion of the calcaneus is the calcaneal tuberosity, a large, non-articulating process that is the i ...

Including:

• Calcaneus - Human
• Calcaneus - Horse

Read more here: » Calcaneus: Encyclopedia - Calcaneus

A coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or heart bypass is a surgical procedure performed in patients with coronary artery disease (see atherosclerosis) for the relief of angina and possible improved heart muscle function. Veins or arteries from elsewhere in the patient's body are grafted from the aorta to the coronary arteries, bypassing coronary artery narrowings caused by atherosclerosis and improving the blood supply to the myocardium (heart muscle). Coronary artery bypass surgery - Prognosis. Prognosis f ...

Including:

• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Prognosis
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Technical description
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - Conduits used for bypass
• Coronary artery bypass surgery - History

Read more here: » Coronary artery bypass surgery: Encyclopedia - Coronary artery bypass surgery

There are three cuneiform bones in the human foot: the medial cuneiform, the intermediate cuneiform and the lateral cuneiform. They are located between the navicular bone and the first, second and third metatarsal bones and are medial to the cuboid bone. The first cuneiform (a.k.a. os cuneiform primum / medial cuneiform) is the largest of the cuneiforms. It is situated at the medial side of the foot, anterior to the navicular and posterior to the base of the first metatarsal. It articulates with four bones: the navi ...

Read more here: » Cuneiform anatomy: Encyclopedia - Cuneiform anatomy

The Sign of the Cross is a ritual performed mainly within Latin-Rite Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy and the Oriental Orthodox, as well as Eastern-Rite Catholicism, Anglicanism, and Lutheranism. For the members of the Faith, it symbolizes by manifestly marking directly on one's own body or in the air, the four points of the Cross on Calvary. It also represents loving God with all one's heart, soul, mind and strength. There are two particular arrangements one is most likely to observe. One is followed by many of the Eastern Churches, th ...

Including:

• Sign of the cross - Ritual of the gesture
• Sign of the cross - Use of the sign
• Sign of the cross - Double-cross

Read more here: » Sign of the cross: Encyclopedia - Sign of the cross

The capitate bone (os capitatum; os magnum) is a bone in the human hand. The capitate bone is the largest of the carpal bones, and occupies the center of the wrist. It presents, above, a rounded portion or head, which is received into the concavity formed by the navicular and lunate; a constricted portion or neck; and below this, the body. The superior surface is round, smooth, and articulates with the lunate bone. The inferior surface is divided by two ridges into three facets, for articulation with the second, third, and fourth metacarpal bones, that for the third being the largest.< ...

Including:

• Capitate bone - Articulations

Read more here: » Capitate bone: Encyclopedia - Capitate bone

In tetrapods, the carpus is the cluster of bones in the hand between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of the carpus do not belong to individual fingers, whereas those of the metacarpus do. The joint between the radius and ulna and the carpus is called the wrist. The corresponding part of the foot is the tarsus. The skeleton of the hand [Figs. 1, 2] is subdivided into three segments: the carpus or wrist bones; the metacarpus or bones of the palm; and the phalanges or bones of the d ...

Including:

• Carpus - The Carpus Ossa Carpi
• Carpus - Common Characteristics of the Carpal Bones

Read more here: » Carpus: Encyclopedia - Carpus

Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cells or pluripotential hematopoietic stem cells (PHSCs) are stem cells found in the bone marrow. PHSC are the precurser cells which give rise to all the blood cell types of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. This includes monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, T-cells, B-cells, NK-cells, erythrocytes (red blood cells), megakaryocytes (e.g. platelets), and dendritic cells. As stem cells, they are defined by their ability to form multiple cells types and their ability ...

Including:

• Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell - Source
• Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell - Colony-forming units
• Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell - Lymphoid
• Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell - Myeloid
• Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell - Nomenclature
• Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell - Physical characteristics

Read more here: » Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell: Encyclopedia - Pluripotential hemopoietic stem cell