Stephen I of Hungary

History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526. Hungary was established as a Christian kingdom under Stephen I of Hungary, who was crowned in December 1000 AD or January 1001 AD. He was the son of Géza and thus a descendant of Árpád. By 1006, Stephen had solidified his power, eliminating all rivals who either wanted to follow the old pagan traditions or wanted an alliance with the orthodox Christian Byzantine Empire. Then he started sweeping reforms to convert Hungar ...

See also:

History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary

Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary

Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - History. In the late 13th century, the royal counties gradually turned into noble counties. The reasons for this development were: The arrival of new hospites (foreign settlers in the Kingdom Hungary, who were allowed to apply their own foreign law in their settlements; esp. Germans and esp. after 1242) considerably restricted the real powers of the county heads, because the hospites were outside his jurisdiction At the end of the 12th century, but especially i ...

See also:

Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Royal counties late 10th century - late 13th century, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - History, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Functioning, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Noble counties late 13th century - 1848, except for 1785-1790, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - History, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Functioning, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - State counties 1849 - 1860, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - 1st provisional arrangement 1849 - 1850, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - 2nd provisional arrangement so-called Geringer Provisional Arrangement; September 13 1850 - January 18 1853, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Definitive arrangement January 19 1853 - October 20 1860, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Transitory period 1860 - 1867, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Modernised counties 1867 - 1918, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - History, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Functioning, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Nomenclature, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Origin of the name, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Comitatus vs. county, Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Names in various languages

Read more here: » Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Comitatus Kingdom of Hungary - Noble counties late 13th century - 1848, except for 1785-1790

For the Early Iron Age (700-500 BC), we still have no written sources. Some scholars try to identify people later mentioned in the written sources -- Thracians east of the Tisza, and Illyrians (Pannonians) west of the Danube -- but this is highly speculative. The Celts came from the west around 450 BC, and they expanded over the whole of present-day Hungary in the Late Iron Age. The Pannonian (in the ...

See also:

Hungary before the Magyars, Hungary before the Magyars - Stone Age, Hungary before the Magyars - Iron Age c. 700 BC - 9 BC, Hungary before the Magyars - Roman period 9 BC - c. 4th century, Hungary before the Magyars - The Age of Migrations 375 - ca. 800 AD, Hungary before the Magyars - Arrival of the Magyars after 896, Hungary before the Magyars - Some alternative theories

Read more here: » Hungary before the Magyars: Encyclopedia II - Hungary before the Magyars - Iron Age c. 700 BC - 9 BC

The Roman Empire subdued the Pannonians, Dacians, Celts and other peoples in this territory. The territory west of the Danube was conquered by the Roman Empire between 35 and 9 BC, and became a province of the Roman Empire under the name of Pannonia. The easternmost parts of present-day Hungary were later (106 AD) organized as the Roman province of Dacia (lasting until 271). The territory between the Danube and the Tisza was inhabited by the Sarmatian Iazyges between the 1st and 4th centuries AD, or even earlier (earliest remains have been d ...

See also:

Hungary before the Magyars, Hungary before the Magyars - Stone Age, Hungary before the Magyars - Iron Age c. 700 BC - 9 BC, Hungary before the Magyars - Roman period 9 BC - c. 4th century, Hungary before the Magyars - The Age of Migrations 375 - ca. 800 AD, Hungary before the Magyars - Arrival of the Magyars after 896, Hungary before the Magyars - Some alternative theories

Read more here: » Hungary before the Magyars: Encyclopedia II - Hungary before the Magyars - Roman period 9 BC - c. 4th century

The first temporary raids of ancient proto-Magyars in this territory occurred in the 860s. It was only in 895/896 that the Magyars decided to cross the Carpathians permanently. The chieftain Árpád is traditionally said to be the person who led the seven proto-Magyar tribes (including the Magyars proper) out of the steppes of Ukraine and into the Carpathian basin. These seven tribes later became the nucleus of the Kingdom of Hungary under Árpád's great-great-grandson, Stephen I of Hungary. Although Christianization of this territory began ...

See also:

Hungary before the Magyars, Hungary before the Magyars - Stone Age, Hungary before the Magyars - Iron Age c. 700 BC - 9 BC, Hungary before the Magyars - Roman period 9 BC - c. 4th century, Hungary before the Magyars - The Age of Migrations 375 - ca. 800 AD, Hungary before the Magyars - Arrival of the Magyars after 896, Hungary before the Magyars - Some alternative theories

Read more here: » Hungary before the Magyars: Encyclopedia II - Hungary before the Magyars - Arrival of the Magyars after 896

Transylvania was first referred to in a Latin language document in 1075 as "Ultra silvam," meaning "beyond the forest." In 1075 King Géza I of Hungary when endowing the Benedictine abbey of Garamszentbenedek (now in Slovakia: Hronský Beňadik) granted to it half of the royal salt duty to be collected on the lading point of Arieş (Hungarian: Aranyos) riverside ("in loco, qui dicitur hungarice Aranas, latine autem Aureus"), near the Turda (Hungarian: Torda, German: Thorenburg) salt mine, located "ultra silvam" (Source: Diplomata Hungariae Antiquissima, vol. I. B ...

See also:

Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: Transylvania as the heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Austrian Rule and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Etymology

Among the many alternative theories on the origin of the Magyars(which may contradict each other), there are three main theories involving the arrival of Magyars to the Carpathian Basin before the 9th century. None of these theories were officialy accepted in Hungary. The last two theories are extremely marginal. Theory of Gyula László: The Hungarian archeologist Gyula László has proposed a very controversial theory, also known as "theory of double conquest”, in recent decades. He has argued that the Magyars arrived in tw ...

See also:

Hungary before the Magyars, Hungary before the Magyars - Stone Age, Hungary before the Magyars - Iron Age c. 700 BC - 9 BC, Hungary before the Magyars - Roman period 9 BC - c. 4th century, Hungary before the Magyars - The Age of Migrations 375 - ca. 800 AD, Hungary before the Magyars - Arrival of the Magyars after 896, Hungary before the Magyars - Some alternative theories

Read more here: » Hungary before the Magyars: Encyclopedia II - Hungary before the Magyars - Some alternative theories

The territory known today as Transylvania, consists of a region of 16 counties (Romanian: judeţ), which cover nearly 103 600 km² in central and northwest Romania. The 16 counties are Alba, Arad, Bihor, Bistriţa-Năsăud, Braşov, Caraş-Severin, Cluj, Covasna, Harghita, Hunedoara, Maramureş, Mureş, Sălaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, and Timiş. The Transylvanian plateau, 300 to 500 metres (1,000-1,600 feet) high, is drained by the Mureş, Someş, Criş, and Olt rivers, as well as other tributaries of the Danube. Cluj-Napoca (318,027) is t ...

See also:

Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: Transylvania as the heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Austrian Rule and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Geography

Early Romanian states, such as the Brodnici, were formed in the 10th and 11th century appearing in historical sources under the name of Blachi or Vallachi (Vlachs). Most of these states were small kingdoms that usually were disbanded after their leaders' deaths. In the late 12th century, a part of the territory of Wallachia was incorporated in the Second Bulgarian Empire ruled by the Asen dynasty. A number of medieval sources, including Nicetas Choniates, call the first three rulers of the dynasty Vlachs. Their empire was called "The ...

See also:

Romania in the Middle Ages, Romania in the Middle Ages - Arrival of the Magyars, Romania in the Middle Ages - Medieval states, Romania in the Middle Ages - Wallachia and Moldavia, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania, Romania in the Middle Ages - Ottoman Age, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania under the Habsburgs

Read more here: » Romania in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - Romania in the Middle Ages - Medieval states

The Hungarian armed forces has severely reduced the number of battle tanks in service, surplused all tracked IFVs and limits the number of flight hours available to rotary and fixed wing aircraft crews. A large number of garrisons were shut down, some of them sold to municipal authorities for peaceful uses. In 1997, Hungary spent about 123 billion HUF ($560 million) on defense. Hungary became a member of NATO on March 12, 1999. Hungary provided airbases and support for NATO's air campaign against Serbia and has provided military units ...

See also:

Military of Hungary, Military of Hungary - Ancient and medieval military, Military of Hungary - Habsburg Hungarian military, Military of Hungary - Mid-twentieth century, Military of Hungary - Warsaw Pact, Military of Hungary - After the Cold War, Military of Hungary - Current military, Military of Hungary - Military branches

Read more here: » Military of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - Military of Hungary - Current military

The territory known today as Transylvania, consists of a region of 16 counties (Romanian: judeţ), which cover nearly 103 600 km² in central and northwest Romania. The 16 counties are Alba, Arad, Bihor, Bistriţa-Năsăud, Braşov, Caraş-Severin, Cluj, Covasna, Harghita, Hunedoara, Maramureş, Mureş, Sălaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, and Timiş. The Transylvanian plateau, 300 to 500 metres (1,000-1,600 feet) high, is drained by the Mureş, Someş, Criş, and Olt rivers, as well as other tributaries of the Danube. Cluj-Napoca (318,027) is t ...

See also:

Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: The heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Under Austrian Rule 1711-1867, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Historical coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Geography

Transylvania is rich in mineral resources, notably lignite, iron, lead, manganese, gold, copper, natural gas, salt, and sulfur. There are large iron and steel, chemical, and textile industries. Stock raising, agriculture, wine production, and fruit growing are important occupations. Timber is another valuable resource. Transylvania accounts for around 35% of Romania's GDP, and has a GDP per capita (PPP) of around $9,000, aroun ...

See also:

Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: The heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Under Austrian Rule 1711-1867, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Historical coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Economy

In 896 the Magyars settled in the Pannonian Plain. According to Gesta Hungarorum, a chronicle from 12th century, the local states of Gelou, Glad and Menumorout of Biharia in Transylvania were defeated by the Magyars during the 10th century. In 1003, King Stephen I of Hungary led an army into Transylvania and the local dux Geula or Gyyla submitted to him (see: Gyula). The authority of the Kingdom of Hungary over Transylvania was consolidated in the 11th and 12th centuries. The administration of Transylvania was in the hands of a voivod, who by the mid-13th century controlled the whole region. As early ...

See also:

Romania in the Middle Ages, Romania in the Middle Ages - Arrival of the Magyars, Romania in the Middle Ages - Medieval states, Romania in the Middle Ages - Wallachia and Moldavia, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania, Romania in the Middle Ages - Ottoman Age, Romania in the Middle Ages - Transylvania under the Habsburgs

Read more here: » Romania in the Middle Ages: Encyclopedia II - Romania in the Middle Ages - Arrival of the Magyars

The county has 2 municipalities, 6 towns and 62 communes. Maramureş County - Municipalities. Baia Mare Sighetu Marmaţiei Maramureş County - Towns. Baia Sprie Borşa Cavnic Seini Târgu Lăpuş Vişeu de Sus Maramureş County - Communes. Ardusat CălineştiSee also:

Maramureş County, Maramureş County - Neighbours, Maramureş County - Demographics, Maramureş County - Geography, Maramureş County - Economy, Maramureş County - Tourism, Maramureş County - Administrative divisions, Maramureş County - Municipalities, Maramureş County - Towns, Maramureş County - Communes, Maramureş County - History

Read more here: » Maramureş County: Encyclopedia II - Maramureş County - Administrative divisions

Transylvania was first referred to in a Latin language document in 1075 as "Ultra silvam," meaning "beyond the forest." In 1075 King Géza I of Hungary when endowing the Benedictine abbey of Garamszentbenedek (now in Slovakia: Hronský Beňadik) granted to it half of the royal salt duty to be collected on the lading point of Arieş (Hungarian: Aranyos) riverside ("in loco, qui dicitur hungarice Aranas, latine autem Aureus"), near the Turda (Hungarian: Torda, German: Thorenburg) salt mine, loca ...

See also:

Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: The heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Under Austrian Rule 1711-1867, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Historical coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Etymology

Maramureş is known for the persistence of its agricultural traditions, largely unaffected by industrialisation. The region escaped collectivisation under Communist dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu, with the result that local people retain a very close relationship with the land. Ploughing, planting, harvesting, hay-making and almost every demand of farming are met by manual labour. The region is a strong mining region - generally metals other than iron; around Baia Mare some industrial complexes were built during the com ...

See also:

Maramureş County, Maramureş County - Neighbours, Maramureş County - Demographics, Maramureş County - Geography, Maramureş County - Economy, Maramureş County - Tourism, Maramureş County - Administrative divisions, Maramureş County - Municipalities, Maramureş County - Towns, Maramureş County - Communes, Maramureş County - History

Read more here: » Maramureş County: Encyclopedia II - Maramureş County - Economy

The region is known for its strong Romanian traditions, kept generally in the rural area. It is well known for its woodworks: Impressive churces, houses and gates. The rural areas of the region have few roads, which are often impassable to all but horsecarts or determined walkers. The main tourist attractions in the county are: The cities of Baia Mare and Sighetu Marmaţiei. The villages from the Iza, Mara and Vişeu valley. Wooden Churches of Maramureş Merry Cemetery of SăpânţaSee also:

Maramureş County, Maramureş County - Neighbours, Maramureş County - Demographics, Maramureş County - Geography, Maramureş County - Economy, Maramureş County - Tourism, Maramureş County - Administrative divisions, Maramureş County - Municipalities, Maramureş County - Towns, Maramureş County - Communes, Maramureş County - History

Read more here: » Maramureş County: Encyclopedia II - Maramureş County - Tourism

Transylvania is rich in mineral resources, notably lignite, iron, lead, manganese, gold, copper, natural gas, salt, and sulfur. There are large iron and steel, chemical, and textile industries. Stock raising, agriculture, wine production, and fruit growing are important occupations. Timber is another valuable resource. Transylvania accounts for around 35% of Romania's GDP, and has a GDP per capita (PPP) of around $9,000, aroun ...

See also:

Transylvania, Transylvania - Geography, Transylvania - Economy, Transylvania - Population, Transylvania - Etymology, Transylvania - History, Transylvania - Ancient History: Transylvania as the heartland of the Dacian state, Transylvania - Early Middle Ages: From Dacia to the Great Migrations, Transylvania - Late Middle Ages: Transylvania as part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Transylvania - Transylvania as an independent principality, Transylvania - Austrian Rule and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Transylvania - Transylvania as part of Romania, Transylvania - Historical population, Transylvania - Coat of arms of Transylvania, Transylvania - Tourist attractions, Transylvania - Culture

Read more here: » Transylvania: Encyclopedia II - Transylvania - Economy

The renovation and enlargement of the organ started in the 1980s, after extended preparations, and it is currently in progress. It is supervised by István Baróti, the basilica's organist and choirmaster, who has been holding this position since 1975. The work still needs financial support for completion. As of 2005, there are 73 stops working out of the planned set of 146, and the organ has 5 manuals. This is where the biggest organ pipe can be found in Hungary, 10 m, 11 yard, in length. The smallest pipe is 7 mm, ¼ inch (without pipe foot). This organ, when ready, will be the third largest one in Europe, surpassing ...

See also:

Esztergom Basilica, Esztergom Basilica - History, Esztergom Basilica - The organ

Read more here: » Esztergom Basilica: Encyclopedia II - Esztergom Basilica - The organ

In 1918, as a result of defeat in World War I, the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy collapsed. On October 31, 1918, the success of the Aster Revolution in Budapest brought the liberal count Mihály Károlyi to power as Prime-Minister. The new government officially declared Hungary an independent republic in November, after the end of the war. On 22 November 1918 the Central Romanian Council of Romanians from Transylvania announced the Hungarian gouvernment that it had assumed control of Transylvania. On 1 December 1918 the gathering of Alba Iulia (Gyulafehérvá ...

See also:

History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary

Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919

In January 1920, Hungarian men and women cast the first secret ballots in the country's political history. The votings were not totally free, because the entire left-wing either boycotted or was excluded from the voting. A large right-wing majority was elected to a unicameral assembly. In March, the parliament annulled the Compromise of 1867, and it restored the Hungarian monarchy but postponed electing a king until civil disorder had subsided. Instead, Miklos Horthy was elected regent and was empowered, among other things, to appoint Hungary's prime minister, veto legislation, con ...

See also:

History of Hungary, History of Hungary - Origins of the Hungarian state, History of Hungary - The Kingdom of Hungary, History of Hungary - High and Late Middle Ages 1000 - 1526, History of Hungary - Early modern times 1526 - 1718, History of Hungary - 18th century 1718 - 1780, History of Hungary - Enlightenment 1780 - 1848, History of Hungary - The 1848 Revolution 1848 - 1849, History of Hungary - After the revolution 1849 - 1867, History of Hungary - Austria - Hungary 1867 - 1918, History of Hungary - Reds and Whites 1918-1919, History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944, History of Hungary - World War II, History of Hungary - Hungary's second communist government 1944-1956, History of Hungary - 1956 Revolution, History of Hungary - Changes under Kádár, History of Hungary - Transition to democracy, History of Hungary - Free Elections and a Democratic Hungary

Read more here: » History of Hungary: Encyclopedia II - History of Hungary - The Regency 1920 - 1944