statism

Anti-statism refers to opposition to state intervention into personal, social or economic affairs. Anti-statist views may reject the state completely and immediately (e.g. anarchism), they may wish to reduce the size and scope of the state to a minimum (e.g. minarchism), or they may advocate a stateless society as the ultimate goal of a gradual or step-by-step evolution (e.g. Marxism). Henry David Thoreau expressed this evolutionary anti-statist view in his essay "Civil Disobedience:" I heartily accept the motto,—"Th ...

Including:

• Anti-statism - General categories
• Anti-statism - Anti-statist philosphies
• Anti-statism - Completely Anti-statist
• Anti-statism - Partially anti-statist or anti-statism as an ideal or deferred programmatic goal
• Anti-statism - Chronology of anti-statist writing

Read more here: » Anti-statism: Encyclopedia - Anti-statism

In common usage, the word capitalism means an economic system in which all or most of the means of production are privately owned and operated for profit, and the investment of capital is privately determined; and in which production, distribution, and prices of goods, services, and labor are determined mainly through the influence of the forces of supply and demand in the operation of a free market . Capitalism has also been referred by various sources by the terms free market economy, free enterprise system,e ...

Including:

• Capitalism - Etymology
• Capitalism - Capitalist theory
• Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism
• Capitalism - History of capitalism
• Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory
• Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice
• Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies
• Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production
• Capitalism - Free market
• Capitalism - Profit
• Capitalism - Self interest
• Capitalism - Private enterprise
• Capitalism - Economic growth
• Capitalism - Economic mobility
• Capitalism - Self-organization
• Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?
• Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism
• Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income
• Capitalism - Employment/unemployment
• Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism
• Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?
• Capitalism - Sustainability
• Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy
• Capitalism - Other approaches
• Capitalism - Capitalism in political ideologies
• Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom
• Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia - Capitalism

This article applies to political ideologies. For information on authoritarianism in psychology see Authoritarian Personality. The term authoritarian is used to describe an organization or a state which enforces strong and sometimes oppressive measures against those in its sphere of influence, generally without attempts at gaining their consent and often not allowing feedback on its policies. In an authoritarian state, citizens are subject to state authority in many aspects of their lives, including many that othe ...

Including:

• Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology
• Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments
• Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia - Authoritarianism

Pure anti-statists ("anarchists") differ greatly according to the beliefs they hold in addition to anti-statism. Most commonly, the preferred economic system is the focus. Thus the main categories of pure anti-statist thought can be classifed as collectivist or individualist. The term "anarchism" is often contested between adherents of collectivist forms of anarchism which are opposed to private property (such as anarcho-syndicalism and anarchist communism) and individualist forms that descend from liberalism which embrace priv ...

See also:

Anti-statism, Anti-statism - General categories, Anti-statism - Anti-statist philosphies, Anti-statism - Completely Anti-statist, Anti-statism - Partially anti-statist or anti-statism as an ideal or deferred programmatic goal, Anti-statism - Chronology of anti-statist writing

Read more here: » Anti-statism: Encyclopedia II - Anti-statism - General categories

Authoritarianism often arises from the governing bodies' presumption that they know what is right or wrong for the country and from intolerance of dissent. The government then enforces what it thinks is right, often with use of considerable force and sometimes in blatant violation of human rights. Dissenting voices are ignored, or, more strikingly, are considered to be plotting against the best interests of the country. Such was, for instance, the case duri ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology

A set of broad characteristics are generally agreed on by both advocates and critics of capitalism. These are a private sector, private property, free enterprise, profit, unequal distribution of wealth, competition, self-organization (or catallaxy), the existence of markets (including the labor market) and the pursuit of self-interest. An economy with a large amount of intervention - which may include state ownership of some of the means of production - in combination with some free market characteristics is sometimes referred ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies

A set of broad characteristics are generally agreed on by both advocates and critics of capitalism. These are a private sector, private property, free enterprise, profit, unequal distribution of wealth, competition, self-organization (or catallaxy), the existence of markets (including the labor market) and the pursuit of self-interest. An economy with a large amount of intervention - which may include state ownership of some of the means of production - in combination with some free market characteristics is sometimes referred ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Other approaches, Capitalism - Capitalism in political ideologies, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies

The word capital has roots in the trade and ownership of animals. The Latin root of the word is capitalis, from the proto-Indo-European kaput, which means "head", this being how wealth was measured. The more heads of cattle, the better. The terms chattel (meaning goods, animals, or slaves) and even cattle itself also derive from this same origin. The lexical connections between animal trade and economics can also be seen in the names of many currencies and words about money: fee (faihu), rupee ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Etymology

This series is linked to the Politics and elections series Varieties and derivatives of fascism Neo-Fascism Nazism Rexism Falangism Clerical fascism Austrofascism Crypto-fascism Japanese fascism Militarism Greek fascism Fascist political parties and movements Fascism in history Fascio March on Rome Italian Social Republic 4th of August Regime Relevant lists List of fascis ...

Including:

• Fascism - Definition
• Fascism - Italian Fascism
• Fascism - Early history
• Fascism - Mussolini's Fascism
• Fascism - Mussolini's influences
• Fascism - Nazism and Fascism
• Fascism - Differences
• Fascism - Similarities
• Fascism - Anti-Communism
• Fascism - Fascism and religion
• Fascism - Fascism and the Catholic Church
• Fascism - Fascism and the Protestant churches
• Fascism - Fascism as an international phenomenon
• Fascism - Fascism and feminism
• Fascism - Neo-Fascism
• Fascism - Fascist mottos and sayings
• Fascism - Notes

Read more here: » Fascism: Encyclopedia - Fascism

There exists a gradation in authoritarianism, as well as a variety of possible authoritarian behaviors. Authoritarianism may exist under different regimes: Absolute monarchies are almost always authoritarian. For instance, criticizing the royal government of France under the ancien régime could get writers etc. imprisoned by executive order (known as a lettre de cachet). Dictatorships are always authoritarian. Democracies do not exhibit much authoritarian behavior except in transition to or from ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments

Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income. Main article: Economic inequality It is reasonable to expect that some disparity in wealth and income among individuals would exist in a capitalist system as this is determined through market forces rather than by centralized governmental authority. Some view a significant disparity and concentration of wealth to be problem and that such is endemic to capitalism, while others do not have such egalitarian concerns. Some opponents of ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism

Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income. Main article: Economic inequality It is reasonable to expect that some disparity in wealth and income among individuals would exist in a capitalist system as this is determined through market forces rather than by centralized governmental authority. Some view a significant disparity and concentration of wealth to be problem and that such is endemic to capitalism, while others do not have such egalitarian concerns. Some opponents of capitalism a ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism

Some emphasize the private ownership of capital as being the essence of capitalism, or emphasize the importance of a free market as a mechanism for the movement and accumulation of capital. Others measure capitalism through class analysis, including the class structure of society and relations between labor and the capitalist class. Some note the growth of a global market system. Others focus on the application of the market to (or commoditisation of) human labour. Still others, such as Hayek, note the self-organizing character of eco ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Capitalist theory

Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory. Main article: History of theory of capitalism Most theories of what has come to be called capitalism developed in the 18th century, 19th century and 20th century, for instance in the context of the industrial revolution and European imperialism (e.g. Chydenius, Smith, Ricardo, Marx), The Great Depression (e.g.Keynes) and the Cold war (e.g. Hayek, Friedman). These theorists characterise capitalism as an economic system in which capital is owned by private i ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - History of capitalism

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified: 无产阶级文化大革命; Traditional: 無產階級文化大革命; Hanyu Pinyin: Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng; literally "Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution"; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 wénhuà dà gémìng, literally "Great Cultural Revolution", abbreviated to 文革 wéngé) in the People's Republic of China was a revolutionary upsurge by Chinese students and workers against the bureaucrats of the Chinese Communist Party. ...

Including:

• Cultural Revolution - Background
• Cultural Revolution - Great Leap Forward
• Cultural Revolution - Increasing conflict between Mao Zedong and Liu Shaoqi
• Cultural Revolution - Influences elsewhere
• Cultural Revolution - The Cultural Revolution
• Cultural Revolution - 1966: The road to democracy begins
• Cultural Revolution - 1967: Political power struggles
• Cultural Revolution - 1968: Cult of personality
• Cultural Revolution - Time dominated by Lin Biao
• Cultural Revolution - Transition of the party apparatus
• Cultural Revolution - Lin's attempts at expanding power base
• Cultural Revolution - Lin's attempted military coup
• Cultural Revolution - Time of the Gang of Four
• Cultural Revolution - Developments and Criticize Confucius Criticize Lin Biao Campaign
• Cultural Revolution - 1976: Cultural Revolution's end
• Cultural Revolution - After the Revolution
• Cultural Revolution - Effect
• Cultural Revolution - World reaction
• Cultural Revolution - Historical views

Read more here: » Cultural Revolution: Encyclopedia - Cultural Revolution

Politics series Factions Minarchism Anarcho-capitalism Paleolibertarianism Neolibertarianism Left-libertarianism Influences Austrian School Classical liberalism Individualist anarchism Objectivism Mixed economy Ideas Liberty Free markets Capitalism Non-aggression Key issues Parties Economic views Vi ...

Including:

• Anarcho-capitalism - Philosophy
• Anarcho-capitalism - The nonaggression axiom
• Anarcho-capitalism - Original appropriation
• Anarcho-capitalism - The contractual society
• Anarcho-capitalism - Private law and order
• Anarcho-capitalism - The use of force
• Anarcho-capitalism - Conflicts within anarcho-capitalist theory
• Anarcho-capitalism - Anarchism and anarcho-capitalism
• Anarcho-capitalism - Left and Right anarchism
• Anarcho-capitalism - History and influences
• Anarcho-capitalism - Liberalism
• Anarcho-capitalism - American individualist anarchism
• Anarcho-capitalism - The Austrian School
• Anarcho-capitalism - Anarcho-capitalism in the real world
• Anarcho-capitalism - Medieval Iceland
• Anarcho-capitalism - Modern Somalia
• Anarcho-capitalism - The Internet
• Anarcho-capitalism - Science Fiction
• Anarcho-capitalism - Criticisms of anarcho-capitalism
• Anarcho-capitalism - Practical questions
• Anarcho-capitalism - Moral questions
• Anarcho-capitalism - Terminological criticism from other anarchists
• Anarcho-capitalism - Notes
• Anarcho-capitalism - Books
• Anarcho-capitalism - Related subjects
• Anarcho-capitalism - General

Read more here: » Anarcho-capitalism: Encyclopedia - Anarcho-capitalism

One controversial belief, especially in Asia, is that countries with authoritarian regimes are more likely to be economically successful than democratic countries. Examples given to support this thesis are South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, and Taiwan, which were considered authoritarian during their period of growth. This notion of developmental authoritarianism is a central justification for the rule of the Communist Party of China within the People's Republic of China. (The notion that authoritarian government is ultimately superior to democracy was also part of the idea of Asian values ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

There exists a gradation in authoritarianism, as well as a variety of possible authoritarian behaviors. Authoritarianism may exist under different regimes: Absolute monarchies are almost always authoritarian. For instance, criticizing the royal government of France under the ancien régime could get writers etc. imprisoned by executive order (known as a lettre de cachet). Dictatorships are always authoritarian. Democracies are normally not autho ...

See also:

Authoritarianism, Authoritarianism - Authoritarianism and ideology, Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments, Authoritarianism - Economic arguments for authoritarianism

Read more here: » Authoritarianism: Encyclopedia II - Authoritarianism - Actions of authoritarian governments

Capitalism - Capitalism in political ideologies. Main article: Capitalism and related political ideologies Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom. There are two Indices of Economic Freedom used in economic research, one published by the Heritage Foundation (a neoliberal thinktank) and the Wall Street Journal, another published by the Fraser Institute. Both attempt to measure of the degree of economic freedom in countries, mostly in regard to lack of governmental interv ...

See also:

Capitalism, Capitalism - Etymology, Capitalism - Capitalist theory, Capitalism - Contrasts with capitalism, Capitalism - History of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism as a theory, Capitalism - Capitalism as a practice, Capitalism - Characteristics of capitalist economies, Capitalism - Private ownership of the means of production, Capitalism - Free market, Capitalism - Profit, Capitalism - Self interest, Capitalism - Private enterprise, Capitalism - Economic growth, Capitalism - Economic mobility, Capitalism - Self-organization, Capitalism - Which economies are capitalist?, Capitalism - Criticisms of capitalism, Capitalism - Unequal distribution of wealth and income, Capitalism - Employment/unemployment, Capitalism - Marxist critique of capitalism, Capitalism - Capitalism in decline or on the rise?, Capitalism - Sustainability, Capitalism - Human rights violations imperialism and democracy, Capitalism - Other approaches, Capitalism - Capitalism in political ideologies, Capitalism - Indices of economic freedom, Capitalism - Notes

Read more here: » Capitalism: Encyclopedia II - Capitalism - Other approaches

The use of ethanol as a fuel for internal combustion engines, either alone or in combination with other fuels, has been given much attention mostly because of its possible environmental and long-term economical advantages over fossil fuel. Both ethanol and methanol have been considered for this purpose. While both can be obtained from petroleum or natural gas, ethanol may be the most interesting because many believe it to be a renewable resource, easily obtained from sugar or starch in crops and other agricultural produce such ...

Including:

• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol fuels
• Ethanol fuel - Production and Distribution
• Ethanol fuel - Other alcohols
• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol and hydrogen
• Ethanol fuel - Alternate sources
• Ethanol fuel - Economics of corn ethanol in the U.S.A.
• Ethanol fuel - Net fuel energy balance
• Ethanol fuel - Energy balance in the United States
• Ethanol fuel - Arguments and criticisms
• Ethanol fuel - Air pollution
• Ethanol fuel - Fire safety
• Ethanol fuel - Greenhouse gases
• Ethanol fuel - Renewable resource
• Ethanol fuel - Dependency on foreign oil and international crime
• Ethanol fuel - Statism
• Ethanol fuel - Cost
• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol fuel in Colombia
• Ethanol fuel - Ethanol fuel in Brazil
• Ethanol fuel - U.S. National security

Read more here: » Ethanol fuel: Encyclopedia - Ethanol fuel