Amidst this turmoil, an even darker shadow began to move across South Africa. In 1982, the first recorded death from HIV occurred in the country. Within a decade, the number of recorded AIDS cases had risen to over 1,000, and by the mid-1990s, it had reached 10,000. Yet, these officially recorded cases were only the tip of the iceberg, with some estimates placing the actual number of HIV-positive cases at close to one million in 1995. Fuelled by the entrenched migrant labour system at South Africa's mines, AIDS is estimated to have been spre ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Colour classification, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Internal resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the PAC, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black Consciousness Movement, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic

He is best known for his articulation of the hard problem of consciousness in both his book and in the paper "Facing Up to the Problem of Consciousness" (originally published in The Journal of Consciousness Studies, 1995). He makes the distinction between easy problems of consciousness (which are, amongst others, things like finding neural correlates of sensation) and the hard problem, which could be stated "why does awareness of sensory information exist at all?" A main focus of his study is the distinction between brain biology, and ...

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David Chalmers, David Chalmers - Background, David Chalmers - Work, David Chalmers - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » David Chalmers: Encyclopedia II - David Chalmers - Work

The most violent time of the 1980s were 1985–88, when the P.W. Botha government embarked on a savage campaign to eliminate opposition. For three years police and soldiers patrolled South African towns in armed vehicles, destroying black squatter camps and detaining, abusing and killing thousands of blacks and coloureds. Rigid censorship laws tried to conceal the events by banning media and newspaper coverage. In the early 1980s, the white government began to admit the need for change, due to a combination of internal violence, inter ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Colour classification, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Internal resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the PAC, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black Consciousness Movement, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change

South Africa officially took possession of South-West Africa after it was conquered from the Germans during World War I. Following the war, the Treaty of Versailles declared the territory to be a League of Nations Mandate under South African administration. South Africa formally excluded Walvis Bay from the mandate and annexed it as an enclave. The Mandate was supposed to become a United Nations Trust Territory when League of Nations Mandates were transferred to the United Nations (UN) following World War II, but the Union of South Africa re ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Colour classification, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Internal resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the PAC, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black Consciousness Movement, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations

History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background. For a discussion of the period of history leading up to apartheid, see History of South Africa. The first recorded use of the word "apartheid" (International Phonetic Alphabet [əˈpɑː(r)teɪt] or [-taɪt] in English and [aˈpartheid] in Afrikaans) was in 1917 during ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Colour classification, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Internal resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the PAC, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black Consciousness Movement, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid

According to the Vijñānavādins, embedded at the heart of Buddhism lies a seeming paradox. In contrast to the Brahmanic teachings of the Upanishads, the Buddha stated quite clearly that the self (atman) is an illusion and that man thus has no soul (anatman). However, there is transmigration (samsara) from one body to another. This poses a difficult question: "If there is no soul, what is it that reincarnates?" The theory of consciousness-only starts by explaining the regularity and coherence of sense impressions ...

See also:

Consciousness-only, Consciousness-only - Doctrine, Consciousness-only - History

Read more here: » Consciousness-only: Encyclopedia II - Consciousness-only - Doctrine

History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid from day to day. Apartheid was implemented by the law. The following restrictions were not only social but were strictly enforced by law: Non-whites were not allowed to run businesses or professional practices in those areas designated as 'white South Africa' without a permit. They were supposed to move to the black homelands and set up businesses and practices there. Transport and civil facilities were segregated. Blacks were ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Colour classification, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Internal resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the PAC, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black Consciousness Movement, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system

Soul Travel

(Eckankar) Movement of the inner consciousness through the lower states through ascent into the ecstatic state

(See also: Soul Travel, Body Mind and Soul)

A Theosophical definition of Ring-Pass-Not :

Ring-Pass-Not

A profoundly mystical and suggestive term signifying the circle or bounds or frontiers within which is contained the consciousness of those who are still under the sway of the delusion of separateness  - and this applies whether the ring be large or small. It does not signify any one especial occasion or condition, but is a general term applicable to any state in which an entity, having reached a certain stage of evolutionary growth of the unfolding of consciousness, finds itself unable to pass into a still higher state because of some delusion under which the consciousness is laboring, be that delusion mental or spiritual. There is consciously a ring-pass-not for every globe of the planetary chain, a ring-pass-not for the planetary chain itself, a ring-pass-not for the solar system, and so forth. It is the entities who labor under the delusion who therefore actually create their own rings-pass-not, for these are not actual entitative material frontiers, but boundaries of consciousness.

A ring-pass-not furthermore may perhaps be said with great truth to be somewhat of the nature of a spiritual laya-center or point of transmission between plane and plane of consciousness.

The rings-pass-not as above said, however, have to do with phases or states of consciousness only. For instance, the ring-pass-not for the beasts is self-consciousness, i.e., the beasts have not yet been enabled to develop forth their consciousness to the point of self-consciousness or reflective consciousness except in minor degree. A dog, for example, located in a room which it desires to leave, will run to a door out of which it is accustomed to go and will sit there whining for the door to be opened. Its consciousness recognizes the point of egress, but it has not developed the self-conscious mental activity to open the door.

A general ring-pass-not for humanity is their inability to self-consciously participate in spiritual self-consciousness.

See also: Ring-Pass-Not, Mysticism, Body Mind and Soul)

superconscious mind: Karana chitta.

The mind of light, the all-knowing intelligence of the soul. The psychological term is turiya, "the fourth," meaning the condition beyond the states of wakefulness (jagrat), "dream" (svapna), and "deep sleep" (sushupti). At its deepest level, the superconscious is Parashakti, or Satchidananda, the Divine Mind of God Siva. In Sanskrit, there are numerous terms for the various levels and states of superconsciousness. Specific superconscious states such as: vishvachaitanya ("universal consciousness"), advaita chaitanya ("nondual consciousness"), adhyatma chetana ("spiritual consciousness").

See: mind, chitta, consciousness, samskara, Satchidananda, vasana, Three phases of mind, Five states of the mind.

(See also: Superconscious mind, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Bahishprajna bahisprajna (Sanskrit) (from bahish out, outside + prajna intuitive consciousness)

Also bahir-prajna. The present state of human consciousness.

(See also: Bahishprajna, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Towards the end of the 1970s, the government became increasingly preoccupied with security. The South African media had always been supportive of the regime, the Afrikaans-language press particularly so. However, after the Soweto riots, the government began to impose more formal measures of censorship to protect its interests. Things changed even more with the coming to power of Prime Minister and later State President P.W. Botha. Under Botha, while the government began reforming apartheid, the state security apparatus grew even more. ...

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History of South Africa in the apartheid era, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Creation of apartheid, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Background, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Legal system created, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The apartheid system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in South Africa from day to day, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The homeland system, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Forced Removals, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Black White Indian and coloured, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Apartheid in international law, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The ANC and the Pan African Congress, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Sharpeville Massacre, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Resistance goes underground, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - The Black Consciousness Movement and the Soweto riots, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - White resistance, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - International relations, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - UN arms embargo, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Total onslaught, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Destabilisation and sabotage, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Conservatism, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - HIV/AIDS epidemic, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Winds of change, History of South Africa in the apartheid era - Notes

Read more here: » History of South Africa in the apartheid era: Encyclopedia II - History of South Africa in the apartheid era - State security

A state of consciousness characterized by longer, slower brain waves, called alpha waves. Associated with a state of relaxation

(See also: alpha state, Magic, Shamanism, Pagan Dictionary)

conscious mind: Jagrat chitta ("wakeful consciousness").

The ordinary, waking, thinking state of mind in which the majority of people function most of the day.

See: awareness, mind, chitta, consciousness, maya, tattva, world, Three phases of mind, Five states of the mind.

(See also: Conscious mind, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

Longer, slower brain waves that are associated with an alpha state of consciousness

(See also: alpha waves, Magic, Shamanism, Pagan Dictionary)

Abbreviation for Altered State of Consciousness.

(See also: ASC, Magic, Shamanism, Pagan Dictionary)

The long, slow waves that are associated with the theta state of consciousness.

(See also: theta waves, Magic, Shamanism, Pagan Dictionary)

Swapna:

Swapna. Dream state consciousness.

(See also: Swapna, Tantra, Tantra Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Jagrat:

Jagrat. Waking state of consciousness.

(See also: Jagrat, Tantra, Tantra Dictionary, Body Mind and Soul)

Avadhuta: An enlightened being who lives in a state beyond body-consciousness.

(See also: Avadhuta, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)

Om:

the universal mantra; cosmic vibration of the universe; represents the four states of consciousness

(See also: Om, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)

Adwaita:

a philosophy according to which there is no duality - only a singular state of consciousness

(See also: Adwaita, Yoga, Yoga Dictionary)