Encyclopedia - Karl Kerényi: Encyclopedia - Karl Kerényi
One of the founders of modern studies in Greek mythology, Karl (Carl, Károly) Kerényi (January 19, 1897 - April 14, 1973) was born in T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bertolt Brecht: Encyclopedia - Bertolt Brecht
Bertolt Brecht (February 10, 1898 – August 14, 1956) was an influential German dramatist, stage director, and poet of the 20th century....   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Central Europe: Encyclopedia - Central Europe
Central Europe is the region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe. The term has come back ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Communist Party Of Great Britain: Encyclopedia - Communist Party Of Great Britain
The Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) was a political party in the United Kingdom, which existed from 1920 to 1991. Communist Party...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Workers' Party Of Korea: Encyclopedia - Workers' Party Of Korea
The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK; Korean chosŏn'gŭl: 조선로동당; hanja: 朝鮮勞動黨; McCune-Reischauer: Chosŏn Rodong-dang; r...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Wolf Biermann: Encyclopedia - Wolf Biermann
Wolf Biermann (15 November 1936 -) is a German singer-songwriter and former East German dissident. He was the son of a German Communist k...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Arthur Koestler: Encyclopedia - Arthur Koestler
Arthur Koestler (Hungarian: Kösztler Artur; September 5, 1905 – March 3, 1983) was a journalist, novelist, political activist, social ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Christian Communism: Encyclopedia - Christian Communism
History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Fath...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Votes: Encyclopedia - Votes
Votes are people of Votia in Ingria (part of modern day northwestern Russia, roughly (south)west of Saint Petersburg, near, and east of t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Animal Farm: Encyclopedia - Animal Farm
Animal Farm is a satirical novel (which can also be understood as a modern fable or allegory) by George Orwell, ostensibly about a group ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Socialism: Encyclopedia - Socialism
Socialism Part of the Politics series History of socialism Democratic socialism Christian socialism Communism Libertarian socialism Socia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Korea: Encyclopedia - Korea
Korea refers to South Korea and North Korea together, which were a unified country until 1948. It is situated on the Korean Peninsula in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fundamentalism: Encyclopedia - Fundamentalism
In comparative religion, fundamentalism has come to refer to several different understandings of religious thought and practice, includin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Communism: Encyclopedia - Communism
History of communism Schools of communism Marxism · Leninism Trotskyism · Maoism Council communism Religious communism Communist partie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Encyclopedia - 1956 Hungarian Revolution
The 1956 Hungarian Revolution, also known as the Hungarian Uprising or simply the Hungarian Revolt, was an anti-Soviet revolt in Hungary ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Airbrush: Encyclopedia - Airbrush
The airbrush is a small, highly precise spray gun for applying paint. It was invented in 1879 by Abner Peeler, in Iowa, USA. This first a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-communism: Encyclopedia - Anti-communism
Anti-communism is the opposition to communist ideology, organization, or government, on either an ideological or pragmatic basis. Anti-co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Lutosławski: Encyclopedia - Witold Lutosławski
Witold Lutosławski (IPA: /vitɔld lutɔswavski/; January 25, 1913 – February 7, 1994) was one of the major European composers of the 2...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Louis Althusser: Encyclopedia - Louis Althusser
Louis Pierre Althusser (October 16, 1918 - October 23, 1990) was a Marxist philosopher. He was born in Algeria and studied at the presti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-revisionist: Encyclopedia - Anti-revisionist
In the communist or Marxist-Leninist movement, an anti-revisionist is one who favors a strict interpretation of the ideology in accordanc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uyghur: Encyclopedia - Uyghur
The Uyghur (Chinese: [historical]: 回紇; [modern]: 維吾爾) are a Turkic-speaking ethnic group living in northwestern China mainly in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Class Conflict: Encyclopedia - Class Conflict
Class conflict is both the friction that accompanies social relationships between members or groups of different social classes and the u...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A.j.p. Taylor: Encyclopedia - A.j.p. Taylor
Alan John Percivale Taylor (March 25, 1906 – September 7, 1990) was a renowned British historian of the 20th century. Taylor was probab...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Pact: Encyclopedia - Warsaw Pact
The Warsaw Pact or Warsaw Treaty, officially named the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance, was a military organizat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Communist State: Encyclopedia - Communist State
History of communism Schools of communism Marxism · Leninism Trotskyism · Maoism Council communism Religious communism Communist partie...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991: Encyclopedia - History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991
The year 1985 marked the accession of Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of General Secretary of the Soviet Union following the death of K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Eastern Bloc: Encyclopedia - Eastern Bloc
During the Cold War, the term Eastern Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) was used to refer to the Soviet Union and its allies in Central and Eastern E...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Adolph Joffe: Encyclopedia Ii - Adolph Joffe - Biography
Adolph Joffe - Revolutionary Career. Joffe was born in Crimea in a wealthy Karaite [1] family and became a social democrat in 1900 whil...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Aleksander Kwaśniewski: Encyclopedia Ii - Aleksander Kwaśniewski - 1995—2005: Presidency
In an often bitter campaign, Aleksander Kwaśniewski won the presidential election in 1995, collecting 51.7 percent of votes in the run-o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Georgi Dimitrov: Encyclopedia Ii - Georgi Dimitrov - Early Career
A compositor active in the trade union movement in Sofia, Dimitrov joined the Social-Democratic Party of Bulgaria in 1902, and in 1903 fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Front Organization: Encyclopedia Ii - Front Organization - Corporate Front Groups
Further information: Shell corporation, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Andrei Platonov: Encyclopedia Ii - Andrei Platonov - Life
The son of a metalworker and the eldest of ten children, Platonov was born in a village near the town of Voronezh. After spending his ado...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - A.j.p. Taylor: Encyclopedia Ii - A.j.p. Taylor - Life And Work
Taylor was born in Birkdale, near Southport, brought up in Lancashire, and educated at various Quaker schools and the Bootham School in Y...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Alliance For Workers' Liberty: Encyclopedia Ii - Alliance For Workers' Liberty - Trotskyist Tendency
Within IS the Trotskyist Tendency (TT) clashed with the leadership of the IS over many issues, for instance on the issue of the Common Ma...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gustáv Husák: Encyclopedia Ii - Gustáv Husák - Life
As a son of an unemployed worker near Bratislava, he quickly became a Communist. He joined the Communist Youth Union at the age of sixtee...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Molotov-ribbentrop Pact: Encyclopedia Ii - Molotov-ribbentrop Pact - Background
In 1918, by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the new Bolshevik Russian state accepted the loss of sovereignty and influence over Finland, Est...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nineteen Eighty-four: Encyclopedia Ii - Nineteen Eighty-four - The World Of Nineteen Eighty-four
The novel focuses upon one man named Winston Smith who stands, seemingly alone, against the corrupted reality of his world: hence its ori...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Macedonians Ethnic Group: Encyclopedia Ii - Macedonians Ethnic Group - Macedonians After The Second World War
After the Second World War, the Communist Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito decided that the policy of Serbianization in Macedonia had fail...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Macedonians Ethnic Group: Encyclopedia Ii - Macedonians Ethnic Group - Macedonians After The Second World War
After the Second World War, the Communist Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito decided that the policy of Serbianization in Macedonia had fail...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Max Shachtman: Encyclopedia Ii - Max Shachtman - Beginnings
After leaving the pro-Soviet Communist Party, Shachtman was a leader of the Socialist Workers Party and was the editor of its theoretical...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-dej: Encyclopedia Ii - Gheorghe Gheorghiu-dej - In Power
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej - Under Soviet directives. Soviet influence in Romania under Joseph Stalin nonetheless favored Gheorghiu-Dej, la...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anna Akhmatova: Encyclopedia Ii - Anna Akhmatova - Early Life
Akhmatova was born in Bolshoy Fontan near Odessa. Her childhood does not appear to have been happy; her parents separated in 1905. She wa...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Maxim Gorky: Encyclopedia Ii - Maxim Gorky - Life
Gorky became an orphan at the age of nine and was brought up by his grandmother, an excellent storyteller. Her death deeply affected him,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - New Class: Encyclopedia Ii - New Class - Djilas' New Class
A theory of the new class was developed by Milovan Djilas, who participated with Tito in the Yugoslavian Revolution, but was later purged...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Anti-communism: Encyclopedia Ii - Anti-communism - Contemporary Anticommunism
Anti-communism - Objections to Communist theory. The central part of Karl Marx's communist theory is historical materialism, a methodol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rome Open City: Encyclopedia Ii - Rome Open City - Rome Open City And Mise-en-scene
A mise-en-scene based critical approach has the benefits of highlighting immediately the elements of Rossellini's artifice. The way Ingri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Political Epithets: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Political Epithets - Bible Basher Or Bible Thumper
Someone who tries in a forceful or enthusiastic way to persuade other people to believe in the Christian religion and the Bible. An evang...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Perestroika: Encyclopedia Ii - Perestroika - The Perestroika Program
During the initial period (1985-1986) of Mikhail Gorbachev's being in power, he talked about modifying central planning, but did not make...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Heavengames: Encyclopedia Ii - Heavengames - Forum Communities
The forum communities at HeavenGames have been known to be highly dynamic – consisting of just over 100,000 members. There is some exch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae Ceauşescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae Ceauşescu - A Rough Sketch Of Ceauşism
While the term Ceauşism became widely used inside Romania, usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. This feature c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Newspeak: Encyclopedia Ii - Newspeak - Real-life Examples Of Newspeak
A comparison to Newspeak may arguably be seen in political rhetoric, where two opposing sides string together phrases so empty of meaning...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nikita Mikhalkov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nikita Mikhalkov - Biography
Nikita Mikhalkov - Early acting career. Mikhalkov studied acting at the children's studio of the Moscow Art Theatre and later at the Sc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingsley Amis: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingsley Amis - Biography
Kingsley Amis was born in London, educated at the City of London School and St. John's College, Oxford, where he met Philip Larkin, with ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Humor: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Humor - Types Of Jewish Humor
Jewish humor - Religious humor. The lives of the early hasidim, while not funny in and of themselves, are rich in humorous incidents. T...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fascism And Ideology: Encyclopedia Ii - Fascism And Ideology - Fascism Nazism Socialism Collectivism And Corporatism
Italian Fascism clearly had roots in socialist circles, and Nazism is an abbreviation for "National Socialist German Workers Party", and ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Grenada: Encyclopedia Ii - Grenada - History
Main article: History of Grenada The recorded history of Grenada begins in 1498, when Christopher Columbus first sighted the island and n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Kosovo: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kosovo - Kosovo From Prehistory To 1455
Little is known about Kosovo before about the 11th century AD. The region was certainly inhabited in prehistoric times, it appears, by tw...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Fourth International: Encyclopedia Ii - Fourth International - Origins
Trotsky and his supporters had been organized since 1923 as the International Left Opposition, as an opposition within the Comintern. The...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Spanish Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Spanish Civil War - Introduction
Chronology 1936 Chronology 1937 Chronology 1938-1939 Bombing of Guernica Battle of the Ebro edit Spanish Civil War - Political backgr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Political Epithets: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Political Epithets - Bible Basher Or Bible Thumper
Someone who tries in a forceful or enthusiastic way to persuade other people to believe in the Christian religion and the Bible. An evang...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Great Depression: Encyclopedia Ii - Great Depression - Political Perspectives On Causes And Cures
There are multiple competing interpretations about what caused the Great Depression. The debate is important because the public and polic...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - International Brigades: Encyclopedia Ii - International Brigades - Composition Of International Brigade Units
The first brigades to be formed were mostly composed from French, Belgian, Italian and German volunteers, and were numbered as the XI, XI...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uyghur: Encyclopedia Ii - Uyghur - Origins
Historically the term "Uyghur" (meaning "united" or "allied") was applied to a group of Turkic-speaking tribes that lived in what is now ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - János Kádár: Encyclopedia Ii - János Kádár - Role In The Hungarian Revolution
Nagy began a process of liberalisation, removing state controls over the press, releasing many political prisoners, and expressing wishes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Socialist Workers Party United States: Encyclopedia Ii - Socialist Workers Party United States - Origins
The Socialist Workers Party, founded in 1938, traces its origins back to the former Communist League of America. The CLA had been founded...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Warsaw Pact: Encyclopedia Ii - Warsaw Pact - History
During the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, the government, led by Prime Minister Imre Nagy, announced Hungary's withdrawal from the Warsaw Pac...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Islam In Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - Islam In Russia - Islam Today
Relations between the Russian government and Muslim elements of the population have been marked by mistrust and suspicion. In 1992, for e...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Invasion Of Grenada: Encyclopedia Ii - Invasion Of Grenada - Naval Forces Involved
Amphibious Squadron Four USS Guam (LPH-9), USS Barnstable County (LST-1197), USS Manitowoc (LST-1180), USS Fort Snelling (LSD-30), USS Tr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Lutosławski: Encyclopedia Ii - Witold Lutosławski - Biography
Witold Lutosławski - Family and early years. Lutosławski's parents were both born into the Polish landed gentry; his family owned est...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - James Burnham: Encyclopedia Ii - James Burnham - The Theory Of The Managerial Revolution
Burnham theorised that the world would form into three super-states, the United States, Germany and Japan, which would compete for world ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kronstadt: Encyclopedia Ii - Kronstadt - History
Kronstadt was founded in 1710 by Peter the Great, who took the island of Kotlin from the Swedes in 1703, when the first fortifications we...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Troika Triumvirate: Encyclopedia Ii - Troika Triumvirate - Other Uses
The word has also been used to describe the government of Communist states, consisting of the party leader, head of government, and head ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - State Capitalism: Encyclopedia Ii - State Capitalism - Use By Trotskyists
The theory of State Capitalism does not play a prominent part with in the traditional Trotskist position, indeed Trotsky rejected the ide...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Left-right Politics: Encyclopedia Ii - Left-right Politics - Meaning Of The Terms
Despite the prevalence and durability of these terms, there is little consensus on what it actually means to be Left or Right at the pres...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Leszek Kołakowski: Encyclopedia Ii - Leszek Kołakowski - Life
Due to the German occupation of Poland during World War II Kolakowski did not attend school, but read books with occasional private lesso...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Land And Freedom: Encyclopedia Ii - Land And Freedom - Synopsis
The film's narrative unfolds in a long flashback. David Carr has died at an old age and his granddaughter discovers old letters, newspape...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Turkic Peoples: Encyclopedia Ii - Turkic Peoples - Religion
Various pre-Islamic Turkic civilizations of the 6th century were Shamanist and Tengriist. The Shamanist religion is based on spiritual an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Political Epithets: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Political Epithets - Bible Basher Or Bible Thumper
Someone who tries in a forceful or enthusiastic way to persuade other people to believe in the Christian religion and the Bible. An evang...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Workers' Party Of Korea: Encyclopedia Ii - Workers' Party Of Korea - History
Workers' Party of Korea - Origins. The first Korean Communist Party was founded in Shanghai in 1921 by a small group of radical student...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Satire: Encyclopedia Ii - Satire - History Of Satire
In western European literature, satire has been an accepted form of social commentary since the 5th century B.C., principally in the form...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Past And Present Anarchist Communities: Encyclopedia Ii - Past And Present Anarchist Communities - Examples Of Revolts And Uprisings With Anarchist Qualities
Instances of anarchist and anti-authoritarian systems of operation during periods of uprisings and revolts against authoritarian governme...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Peaceful Coexistence: Encyclopedia Ii - Peaceful Coexistence - Soviet Policy
Khrushchev promoted the concept beginning in 1953 in an attempt to reduce hostility between the two superpowers particularly in light of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - People's Republic Of Mongolia: Encyclopedia Ii - People's Republic Of Mongolia - Formation
Outer Mongolia was a Manchu outerland (1691-1911), an autonomous state under Russian protection (1912-1919), and again a Chinese province...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - 1956 Hungarian Revolution - What Happened
1956 Hungarian Revolution - Prelude. Following World War II, the borders were almost identically restored to those of 1920. Hungary bec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Henk Sneevliet: Encyclopedia Ii - Henk Sneevliet - Back In The Netherlands
In 1927, after years of worsening relations between Sneevliet and his followers and the CPH leadership, Sneevliet broke all ties with the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nineteen Eighty-four: Encyclopedia Ii - Nineteen Eighty-four - The World Of Nineteen Eighty-four
The novel focuses upon one man named Winston Smith who stands, seemingly alone, against the corrupted reality of his world: hence its ori...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nineteen Eighty-four: Encyclopedia Ii - Nineteen Eighty-four - The World Of Nineteen Eighty-four
The novel focuses upon one man named Winston Smith who stands, seemingly alone, against the corrupted reality of his world: hence its ori...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953 - The Cold War
History of the Soviet Union 1927-1953 - Soviet hegemony over Eastern Europe. In the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union extende...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1956 Hungarian Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - 1956 Hungarian Revolution - The Revolution
1956 Hungarian Revolution - Prelude. Following World War II, the borders were almost identically restored to those of 1920. Hungary bec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Socialism: Encyclopedia Ii - Socialism - An Ideology Or A Group Of Ideologies
According to Marxists (most notably Friedrich Engels), socialist models and ideas are said to be traceable to the dawn of human social hi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Samovar: Encyclopedia Ii - Samovar - Brief History Of The Russian Samovar
The samovar's precursor was сбитенник (sbitennik), an implement for heating сбитень (sbiten), a hot winter drink of honey...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Appeasement: Encyclopedia Ii - Appeasement - Appeasement Of Hitler
By far the most well-known case of appeasement is one which ultimately failed — the appeasement of Adolf Hitler's Germany by United Kin...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Religion And Mythology: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion And Mythology - Religion And Mythology
Religion is commonly defined as belief concerning the supernatural, sacred, or divine, and the moral codes, practices, values, and instit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Rootless Cosmopolitan: Encyclopedia Ii - Rootless Cosmopolitan - Background
Towards the end and immediately after World War II, the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee (JAC) grew increasingly influential to the post-Hol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Politics Of The People's Republic Of China: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of The People's Republic Of China - Communist Party Of China
The more than 63 million-member Communist Party of China (CPC) continues to dominate government. In periods of relative liberalization, t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991 - Yeltsin And The Dissolution Of The Ussr
On February 7, 1990 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union agreed to give up its monopoly of power. The USSR's ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Newspeak: Encyclopedia Ii - Newspeak - Real-life Examples Of Newspeak
A comparison to Newspeak may arguably be seen in political rhetoric, where two opposing sides string together phrases so empty of meaning...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Permanent Revolution: Encyclopedia Ii - Permanent Revolution - Elaboration By Trotsky
Trotsky's theory was developed as an alternative to the Social Democratic theory that undeveloped countries must pass through two distinc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Seo Tai-ji: Encyclopedia Ii - Seo Tai-ji - Biography
Seo Tai-ji - The Early Years. At the age of 14, Jung Hyun-Chul (Tai-ji) participated in several amateur rock bands. In 1990, at the age...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Uyghur: Encyclopedia Ii - Uyghur - Origins
Historically the term "Uyghur" (meaning "united" or "allied") was applied to a group of Turkic-speaking tribes that lived in what is now ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Nicolae Ceauşescu: Encyclopedia Ii - Nicolae Ceauşescu - A Rough Sketch Of Ceauşism
While the term Ceauşism became widely used inside Romania, usually as a pejorative, it never achieved status in academia. This feature c...   » Read the article