Neo Realists argue that the hegemon supports the system so long as it is in their interests. The system is created, shaped and maintained by coercion. The hegemon would begin to undermine the institution when it is not in their interests. With the decline of a hegemon, the system descends into anarchy. Neo liberals argue that the hegemon provides public goods through institutions. It is motivated by ‘enlightened self-interest’; the hegemon takes on the costs because it is good for all actors, thereby creating stability in the syst ...

See also:

Hegemonic stability theory, Hegemonic stability theory - Criticism, Hegemonic stability theory - Newer variations of the theory, Hegemonic stability theory - Is the U.S. still a hegemon?

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Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Regional Table. Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 1. Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 2. Completed a matrix of bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) between countries of the region. Kosovo is also participating (represented by UNMIK as per Security Council resolution 1244), but not all FTAs with it are ready yet. There is a proposal to unite the ...

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Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Creation, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Organization, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Achievements, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Regional Table, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 1, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 2, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 3, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - FTA Progress, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - External link

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The Special Coordinator is a head of the Stability Pact. Since 2002, the position is held by Erhard Busek. The pact is divided among three Working Tables, with the fourth, Regional Working Table, coordinating actions between them. Rights of minorities Freedom of media Civil society Rule of law and law enforcement Institutions, administration and governance Refugees Promotion of free trade areas International transport Energy supply and savi ...

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Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Creation, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Organization, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Achievements, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Regional Table, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 1, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 2, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 3, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - FTA Progress, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - External link

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The pact was created at the initiative of the European Union on June 10, 1999 in Cologne. All of the countries of the region, except for Serbia and Montenegro (then FR Yugoslavia) and Moldova, were present at the founding conference. Representatives of Hungary, Romania, Russia, Turkey, USA, all members of the EU at the time, OSCE, Council of Europe and European Commission were also considered active participants. Representatives of Canada, Japan, UN, UNHCR, NATO, OECD, WEU, IMF, World Bank, European Investment Bank and European B ...

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Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Creation, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Organization, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Achievements, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Regional Table, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 1, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 2, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Working Table 3, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - FTA Progress, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - External link

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In the area of monetary system reform, NESARA proposes a structural reorganization of United States monetary policy to eliminate inflation altogether, and reduce American public debt. NESARA proposes amending the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 to replace the privately-run Federal Reserve System with a new government-controlled Treasury Reserve System and the reassignment of its functions and those of the Federal Open Market Commit ...

See also:

National Economic Stabilization And Recovery Act, National Economic Stabilization And Recovery Act - Fiscal Policy Reform, National Economic Stabilization And Recovery Act - Monetary Policy Reform, National Economic Stabilization And Recovery Act - Monetary System Reform, National Economic Stabilization And Recovery Act - Notes

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Before a commercial beer is bottled, it will go through a stabilization process in order to prolong its shelf life and therefore affect the beer's freshness date. This can be done in three different ways. Freshness date - Pasteurization. Pasteurization is a process by which a liquid is heated for a brief amount of time to kill any microbes that may be in the liquid. Pasteurization has also been used for many years to keep milk safe for drinking due to bacteria that may be present. See also:

Freshness date, Freshness date - Beginnings of freshness dating, Freshness date - Stabilization, Freshness date - Pasteurization, Freshness date - Sterile filtration, Freshness date - Bottle conditioning, Freshness date - Freshness longevity, Freshness date - Date Codes

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In many surveys, those in permatemp situations readily state that they would prefer to be regular employees of the companies they work for. Not all permatemps agree with this, however--many enjoy the on-again/off-again lifestyle and do not need the guarantee of a stable income. Some permatemps also disagree on the effectiveness of lawsuits and new laws to regulate hiring. Even those who would prefer to be regular employees recognize that the policies instituted after lawsuits make their employment less, not more, stable. Before Viz ...

See also:

Permatemp, Permatemp - Definition, Permatemp - Legal issues, Permatemp - Vizcaino v. Microsoft, Permatemp - IRS tax rulings, Permatemp - Changes, Permatemp - Permatemp job stability, Permatemp - Permatemp culture, Permatemp - Notes

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A rather simple example is the stabilization of the position and direction of laser beam between modules in a large free space optical communication system. Fourier optics is used to control both direction and position. The actual beam is measured by photo diodes. This signal is fed into some Analog-to-digital converters and a microcontroller runs a PID controller algorithm. The controller drives some digital-to-analog converters which drive stepper motors attached to mirror mounts. If the beam is to be centered onto 4-quadrant diodes, no Analog-to-digital conve ...

See also:

Adaptive optics, Adaptive optics - Introduction, Adaptive optics - Uses of adaptive optics, Adaptive optics - Beam stabilization

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A state space model is asymptotically stable if ATM + MA + N = 0 has a solution where N = NT > 0 and M = MT > 0 (positive definite matrices). (The relevant Lyapunov function is See also:

Lyapunov stability, Lyapunov stability - Lyapunov stability theorems, Lyapunov stability - Lyapunov second theorem on stability, Lyapunov stability - Stability for state space models, Lyapunov stability - Barbalat's lemma and stability of time-varying systems

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The key to Hewletts' low distortion oscillator is effective amplitude stabilization. The amplitude of electronic oscillators tends to increase until clipping or other gain limitation is reached. This leads to high harmonic distortion, which is often undesirable. Hewlett used an incandescent bulb in the oscillator feedback path to limit the gain. The resistance of light bulbs and similar heating elements increases as their temperature increases. If the oscillation frequency is significantly higher than the thermal time constant of the ...

See also:

Wien bridge oscillator, Wien bridge oscillator - Amplitude stabilization, Wien bridge oscillator - Analysis

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Heron's formula as given above is numerically unstable for triangles with a very small angle. A stable alternative involves arranging the lengths of the sides so that: a ≥ b ≥ c and computing The brackets in the above formula are required in order to prevent numerical instability in the evaluation. ...

See also:

Heron's formula, Heron's formula - Numerical stability, Heron's formula - History, Heron's formula - Proof, Heron's formula - Generalizations

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An extended definition is as follows. Consider a subgroup . One then says that a set Y is precisely invariant under H in G if Then let Gx be the stabilizer of x in G. One says that G acts discontinuously at x in X if the stabilizer Gx is finite and there exists a neighborhood U of x that is precisely invariant under < ...

See also:

Properly discontinuous, Properly discontinuous - Basic definition, Properly discontinuous - Definition with a non-trivial stabilizer, Properly discontinuous - Definition as a locally finite set

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  Ecological effects of biodiversity - How Species Diversity may Influence Community Stability.   Averaging Effect – If all species have differential responses to changes in the ecosystem over time, then the averaging of these responses will cause a more temporally stable ecosystem if more species are in the ecosystem (See also:

Ecological effects of biodiversity, Ecological effects of biodiversity - CONTEXT AND MOTIVATION, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Human Mediated Loss of Species, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Definitions of Diversity Productivity and Stability, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Productivity and Stability as Indicators of Ecosystem Health, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Does Biodiversity Have Value?, Ecological effects of biodiversity - EFFECTS OF DIVERSITY ON COMMUNITY PRODUCTIVITY, Ecological effects of biodiversity - How Species Diversity May Influence Productivity, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Review of Data, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Implications for Ecology/Future Research, Ecological effects of biodiversity - EFFECTS OF DIVERSITY ON COMMUNITY STABILITY, Ecological effects of biodiversity - How Species Diversity may Influence Community Stability, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Review of Temporal Stability Data, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Review of Resistance/Resilience Stability Data, Ecological effects of biodiversity - Implications for Ecology/Future Research, Ecological effects of biodiversity - THEORY AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM EXAMINING FOOD WEBS, Ecological effects of biodiversity - CONCLUSIONS

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Morpholinos have become a standard knockdown tool in animal embryonic systems, which have a broader range of gene expression than adult cells and can be strongly affected by an off-target interaction. Following initial injections at the single-cell or few-cell stage, Morpholino effects have been measured at least five days later, after most of the processes of organogenesis and differentiation are past, with observed phenotypes consistent with target-gene knockdown. Control oligos with irrelevent sequences usually produce no change in embryo ...

See also:

Morpholino, Morpholino - Structure, Morpholino - Function, Morpholino - Blocking translation, Morpholino - Modifying pre-mRNA splicing, Morpholino - Blocking other mRNA sites, Morpholino - Specificity stability and non-antisense effects

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A continuous-time filter is stable if the poles of its transfer function fall in the negative real half of the complex s-plane. A discrete-time filter is stable if the poles of its transfer function fall inside the unit circle in the complex z-plane. The bilinear transform maps the negative real half of the complex s-plane to the interior of the unit circle in the z-plane. Thus filters designed in the continuous-time domain that are s ...

See also:

Bilinear transform, Bilinear transform - Stability and minimum-phase property preserved, Bilinear transform - Example, Bilinear transform - Frequency warping

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Consider a group G acting on a set X. The orbit of a point x in X is the set of elements of X to which x can be moved by the elements of G. The orbit of x is denoted by Gx: The defining properties of a group guarantee that the set of orbits of X under the action of G form a partition of X. The associated equivalence relation is defined by saying x ~ y iff there exists a g in G with g·x< ...

See also:

Group action, Group action - Definition, Group action - Examples, Group action - Types of actions, Group action - Orbits and stabilizers, Group action - Morphisms and isomorphisms between G-sets, Group action - Continuous group actions, Group action - Strongly continuous group action and smooth vector, Group action - Generalizations

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In 1929 the National Mexican Party, PNM, was formed by the serving president, General Plutarco Elías Calles. (It would later became the PRI or Partido Revolucionario Institucional that ruled the country for the rest of the 20th century.) The PNM succeeded at convincing most of the remaining revolutionary generals to dissolve their personal armies to create the Mexican Army, and so its foundation is considered by some the real end of the Mexican Revolution. President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río came to power in 1934 and transformed Mex ...

See also:

History of Mexico, History of Mexico - Pre-Columbian Mexico before 1521 A.D., History of Mexico - Spanish Conquest, History of Mexico - Wars of independence, History of Mexico - War with United States and the struggle for liberal reforms, History of Mexico - French intervention and an emperor, History of Mexico - Order progress and the Díaz dictatorship, History of Mexico - The Mexican revolution, History of Mexico - Stabilization and the revolution institutionalized, History of Mexico - The PRI, History of Mexico - The end of PRI's hegemony, History of Mexico - Rulers and presidents

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In 1929 the National Mexican Party, PNM, was formed by the serving president, General Plutarco Elías Calles. (It would later become the PRI or Partido Revolucionario Institucional that ruled the country for the rest of the 20th century.) The PNM succeeded at convincing most of the remaining revolutionary generals to dissolve their personal armies to create the Mexican Army, and so its foundation is considered by some the real end of the Mexican Revolution. President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río came to power in 1934 and transformed Mex ...

See also:

History of Mexico, History of Mexico - Pre-Columbian Mexico before 1521 A.D., History of Mexico - Spanish Conquest, History of Mexico - Wars of independence, History of Mexico - War with United States and the struggle for liberal reforms, History of Mexico - French intervention and an emperor, History of Mexico - Order progress and the Díaz dictatorship, History of Mexico - The Mexican revolution, History of Mexico - Stabilization and the revolution institutionalized, History of Mexico - The PRI, History of Mexico - The end of PRI's hegemony, History of Mexico - Rulers and presidents

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History of Bhutan - Assamese separatists. Several guerilla groups seeking to establish an independent Assamese state in northeast India have set up guerilla bases in the forests of southern Bhutan from which they launch cross-border attacks on targets in Assam. The largest guerilla group is ULFA (United Liberation Front of Asom). Negotiations aimed at removing them peacefully from these bases failed in the spring of 2003. Bhutan is faced with the prospect of having to strengthen it ...

See also:

History of Bhutan, History of Bhutan - Prehistory, History of Bhutan - Arrival of Tantric Buddhism, History of Bhutan - Bhutan emerges as a country, History of Bhutan - Treaties with Britain, History of Bhutan - Civil wars, History of Bhutan - Establishment of the monarchy, History of Bhutan - End of absolute rule, History of Bhutan - Emergence from isolation, History of Bhutan - Draft of the Constitution distributed March 2005, History of Bhutan - Current threats to stability, History of Bhutan - Assamese separatists, History of Bhutan - Ethnic Nepalese refugees, History of Bhutan - Bhutanese Communist Party BCP

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RTM analysis is particularly used when modelling the behaviour of light in optical resonators, such as those used in lasers. At its simplest, an optical resonator consists of two identical facing mirrors of 100% reflectivity and radius of curvature R, separated by some distance d. For the purposes of ray tracing, this is equivalent to a series of identical thin lenses of focal length f=R/2, each separated from the next by length d. This construction is known as a lens equivalent duct or lens equivalent waveguide. The RTM ...

See also:

Ray transfer matrix analysis, Ray transfer matrix analysis - Definition of the ray transfer matrix, Ray transfer matrix analysis - Some examples, Ray transfer matrix analysis - Table of ray transfer matrices, Ray transfer matrix analysis - Resonator stability, Ray transfer matrix analysis - Ray transfer matrices for Gaussian beams

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In unstable or upredictable environments r-slection predominates, as the ability to reproduce quickly is crucial, and there is little advantage in adaptations that permit successful competition with other organisms (since the environment is likely to change again). Traits that are thought to be characteristic of r-selection include : high fecundity; small size; short generation time; and the ability to disperse offspring widely. Organisms whose life history is subject to r-selection are often referred to as "r-strategists" or "r-selected". O ...

See also:

R/K selection theory, R/K selection theory - r/K selection and environmental stability, R/K selection theory - r/K as a continuous spectrum

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We can imagine "disturbing" the gravitational field outside some isolated massive object by "sending in some radiation from infinity". We can ask: what happens as the incoming radiation interacts with the ambient field? In the approach of classical perturbation theory, we can start with Minkowksi vacuum (or another very simple solution, such as the de Sitter lambdavacuum), introduce very small metric perturbations, and retain only terms up to some order in a suitable perturbation expansion-- somewhat like evaluating a kind of T ...

See also:

Exact solutions in general relativity, Exact solutions in general relativity - Introduction, Exact solutions in general relativity - Difficulties with the definition, Exact solutions in general relativity - Types of exact solution, Exact solutions in general relativity - Constructing solutions, Exact solutions in general relativity - Existence of solutions, Exact solutions in general relativity - Global stability theorems, Exact solutions in general relativity - The positive energy theorem, Exact solutions in general relativity - Examples

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