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Yamna Culture: Encyclopedia - Yamna Culture
The Yamna (from Russian яма "pit") or Pit Grave or Ochre Grave culture is a late copper age/early bronze age culture of the Bug/Dniest...
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Andronovo Culture: Encyclopedia - Andronovo Culture
The Andronovo culture is a cover term for a group of Bronze Age cultures of southern Siberia and Central Asia, ca. 2300–1000 BCE. It is...
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Cimmerians: Encyclopedia - Cimmerians
The Cimmerians (Greek Kimmerioi) were ancient equestrian nomads who, according to Herodotus, originally inhabited the region north of the...
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Andronovo Culture: Encyclopedia Ii - Andronovo Culture - Successors
The Sintashta-Petrovka culture is succeeded by the Fedorovo (1400-1200 BCE) and Alekseyevka (1200-1000 BCE) cultures, still considered as...
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Indo-european Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-european Languages - Classification
The various subgroups of the Indo-European family include (in historical order of their first attestation):
Anatolian languages — earl...
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Cimmerians: Encyclopedia Ii - Cimmerians - Historical Accounts
The first historical record of the Cimmerians appears in Assyrian annals in the year 714 BC. These describe how a people termed the Gimir...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - Background
By far the largest of the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, independent Kazakhstan is the world's ninth-largest nation ...
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Indo-european Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-european Languages - Classification
The various subgroups of the Indo-European family include (in historical order of their first attestation):
Anatolian languages — earl...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - The Rise Of Nazarbayev
In June 1989, Kolbin was replaced by Nazarbayev, a politician trained as a metallurgist and engineer. Nazarbayev had become involved in p...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - Reform And Nationalist Conflict
The 1980s brought glimmers of political independence, as well as conflict, as the central government's hold progressively weakened. In th...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - Sovereignty And Independence
In June 1990, Moscow declared formally the sovereignty of the central government over Kazakhstan, forcing Kazakhstan to elaborate its own...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - In The Soviet Union
In 1917 a group of secular nationalists called the Alash Orda (Horde of Alash), named for a legendary founder of the Kazakh people, attem...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - Moving Forward
The Soviet Union's spaceport, now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome was located in this republic at Tyuratam, with the secret town of Leni...
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Cimmerians: Encyclopedia Ii - Cimmerians - Possible Offshoots
The Cimmerians are thought to have had a number of offshoots. The Thracians have been identified as a possible western branch of the Cimm...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - Forming The Modern Nation
The present-day Kazakhs became a recognizable group in the mid-15th century, when clan leaders broke away from Abul Khayr, leader of the ...
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Cimmerians: Encyclopedia Ii - Cimmerians - Origins
Their origins are obscure, but they are believed to have been Indo-European. Their language is regarded as being related to either Thraci...
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Indo-european Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-european Languages - History
See also: Proto-Indo-European, Historical linguistics, Glottochronology.
The possibility of common origin for some of these languages was...
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Cimmerians: Encyclopedia Ii - Cimmerians - Language
Of the language of the Cimmerians, only a few personal names have survived in Assyrian inscriptions:
Te-ush-pa, mentioned in the annals ...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - Early Tribal Movements
Humans have inhabited present-day Kazakhstan since the earliest Stone Age, generally pursuing the nomadic pastoralism for which the regio...
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Indo-european Languages: Encyclopedia Ii - Indo-european Languages - Sound Changes
As the Indo-European languages broke up, the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) sound system diverged as well. The difference between the palatali...
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History Of Kazakhstan: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Kazakhstan - Russian Control
In 1863 Russia elaborated a new imperial policy, announced in the Gorchakov Circular, asserting the right to annex "troublesome" areas on...
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