Calcarea Hexactinellida Demospongiae The sponges or poriferans (from Latin porus "pore" and ferre "to bear") are animals of the phylum Porifera. They are primitive, sessile, mostly marine, waterdwelling filter feeders that pump water through their matrix to filter out particulates of food matter. Sponges are among the simplest of animals, with partially differentiated tissues but without muscles, nerves, or internal organs. In some ways they are closer to being cell colonies ...

Including:

Sponge - Anatomy Sponge - Taxonomy Sponge - Reproduction Sponge - Ecology Sponge - Skeleton as absorbent Sponge - Geological history

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Sponges comprise only four types of cells: Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells"), which line the spongocoel and function as the sponge's digestive system, are remarkably similar to the protistan choanoflagellates. Porocytes are tubular cells that make up the pores. Flat epidermal cells line the outside of the sponge and form its skin. Amoebocytes live between the choanocytes and the epidermis. They carry out many of the sponge's functions, such as transport of nutrients, secretion of the spicules, ...

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Sponge, Sponge - Anatomy, Sponge - Taxonomy, Sponge - Reproduction, Sponge - Ecology, Sponge - Skeleton as absorbent, Sponge - Geological history

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The Calcareous sponges belong to the Class Calcarea and are characterized by spicules made out of calcium carbonate (calcite). If one were to look at a poriferan spicule under the microscope, it might resemble the mercedes-benz emblem. Indeed, this is how the spicules in the calcaerous sponges look. However, instead of the common three-pointed star shape, calcareous spicules can be four-pointed. All sponges in this class are strictly marine dwellers. All three body plans are represented within class Calcarea : asconoid, sy ...

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The urethral sponge is a spongy cushion of tissue, found in the lower genital area of women, that sits against both the pubic bone and vaginal wall, and surrounds the urethra. The urethral sponge is composed of erectile tissue; during arousal, it becomes swollen with blood, compressing the urethra, helping prevent urination during sexual activity (along with the pubococcygeus muscle). Additionally, the urethral sponge contains the Skene's glands, which with continued stimulation, may produce an ejaculate (usually clear in color ...

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The Right Reverend Dr John Shelby Spong is the retired Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Newark (based in Newark, New Jersey). He served in this role from June 12, 1976 until his retirement in 2000. He was born on June 16, 1931 in Charlotte, North Carolina, educated in the public schools of Charlotte, was a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of the University of North Carolina in 1952, and received his Master of Divinity degree in 1955 from the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia. That seminary and Saint Paul's Col ...

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John Shelby Spong - New Reformation John Shelby Spong - Criticisms John Shelby Spong - Published books

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Bubba the Love Sponge Clem (born Todd Clem, he legally changed his name) is a Tampa, Florida radio talk show host who has had a colorful past. Beginning initially in college radio in Terre Haute, Indiana, Bubba made his professional debut on April 1, 1985. Initially going by the name of "Rockin' Bubba Clem" as his on-air moniker, a fellow DJ gave Bubba the name "Bubba The Love Sponge", and it stuck and became his radio name. Bubba has federally trademarked the name, and he leg ...

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Bubba the Love Sponge - Cast & Crew of the Bubba The Love Sponge® show Bubba the Love Sponge - Frequent Bits

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An Arctic Roll is a British dessert made of ice cream wrapped in sponge cake to form a roll, often with jam between the sponge and the ice cream. It is commonly served in school. Americans do not know this phrase. It comes from jam roll (known in the United States as jelly roll). Other related archivesice cream, jam, jelly roll, sponge cake

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Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior body walls of sponges that contain a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. It is the closest family member to the free-living ancester called chanoflagellate The flagellum beats regularly, creating a water flow across the microvilli which can then filter nutrients and other food from the water taken from the collar of the sponge. The sponge-like propriety of these cells is that they

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The Vestibular Bulbs, also known as the Clitoral Bulbs, are an internal part of the Clitoris next to the clitoral body, clitoral crura, urethra, urethral sponge, and vagina. They are to the left and right of the urethra, urethral sponge, and vagina. Category: Gynecology ...

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The Venus' Flower Basket, or Euplectella aspergillum, is the only Poriferan in the class Hexactenellida to be used in hobbyists' aquariums. This is because Hexactinellid sponges are mainly deep ocean sponges that are not suitable for domestic aquarium environments. In traditional Asian cultures, this particular sponge was given as a wedding gift due to the fact that certain bioluminescent shrimp tend to form a symbiosis with them. The sponge houses two small shrimp, a male and a female, who live out their lives inside th ...

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In Christianity, the Crown of Thorns, one of the instruments of the Passion, was the woven chaplet of thorn branches worn by Jesus before his crucifixion. It is mentioned in the Gospels of Matthew (27:29), Mark (15:17), and John (19:2, 5) and is often alluded to by the early Christian Fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and others. John the Evangelist describes it thus (KJV, ch. 19): "Then Pilate therefore took Jesus, and scourged him. And the soldiers plaited a crown of thorns, and put it on his head, ...

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Crown of Thorns - Textual evidence
Crown of Thorns - Jerusalem Crown of Thorns - Byzantium
Crown of Thorns - False relics Crown of Thorns - Purported remnants Crown of Thorns - Crown of Thorns iconography

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The choanoflagellates are a group of flagellate protozoa. They are considered to be the closest relatives of the animals, and in particular may be the direct ancestors of sponges. Each choanoflagellate has a single flagellum, surrounded by a ring of hairlike protrusions called microvilli, forming a cylindrical or conical collar (choanos in Greek). The flagellum pulls water through the collar, and small food particles are captured by the microvilli and ingested. It also pushes free-swimming cells along, as in animal sperm, where ...

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Coralline means "resembling coral" and may refer to: Coralline algae, whose fronds are covered with calcareous deposits. Coralline rock, formed by the death of layers of coralline algae. Sclerosponges, sometimes called "coralline sponges". Other organisms that resemble coral, such as certain bryozoans or hydrozoans. Other related archivesCoralline algae, Coralline rock, Sclerosponges, bryozoans, coral, hydrozoans

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The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and processes input from the senses, and initiates actions. Prominent participants in a nervous system include neurons and nerves which play roles in such coordination. In animals without brains, the nervous system does not generate or conduct thoughts and emotions. Thus it is the system that animates "animals" (sponges are an exception). Chemicals that target the activity of nerves generally are the most rapidly act ...

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Nervous system - Vertebrate nervous systems Nervous system - Metabolism of the nervous system

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Rasgulla (pundor balls in sugar syrup) is one of the most widely available and popular sweetmeats in Eastern India. Rasgulla - History. Rasgulla was first made by Haradhan Maira, a confectioner of Phulia district, during the time of Bengal renaissance. These white cottage cheese balls in sugar syrup not only created a revolution in the confectionary industry and but also set the trend for the main sweets of today. Nabinchandra Roy of Bagbazar, Kolkata, was the first person to make 'sponge' Rasgulla in 1868, ...

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Rasgulla - History Rasgulla - Method Rasgulla - Varieties

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Baked Alaska (also known as glace au four, omelette á la norvégienne, Norwegian omelette and omelette surprise) is a dessert made of ice cream, straight from the freezer placed in a pie dish lined with slices of sponge cake, Christmas pudding or similar and topped with meringue. The entire dessert is then placed in an extremely hot oven just long enough to firm the meringue. The meringue is an effective insulator, and in the short cooking time needed, it prevents the heat getting through to the ice cream. Earlier versions use ...

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Baked Alaska - Baked Alaska recipe

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Bakewell Tart, also known as a Bakewell Pudding, is a traditional English baked dessert tart or cake consisting of a shortcrust pastry shell, spread with jam and covered with a sponge-like filling enriched with ground almonds. Recipes abound, for example those given by Eliza Acton (1845) and Mrs Beeton (1861), and modern commercial examples are to be found in most cake shops and on every supermarket shelf. The name Bakewell Tart only became common in the 20th Century ...

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Bakewell Tart - External link

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The Boston Cream Pie is actually a cake, not a pie. The idea of it being a pie most likely stems from the easier avaliability of Pie Tins over Cake Pans during the time the dish originated. Created by a French Chef named Sanzian at Boston's Parker House Hotel in 1855, this pudding/cake combination comprises two layers of sponge cake which are then filled with vanilla custard. Afterwards, the cake is topped with a chocolate glaz ...

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The Bilateria, having bilateral symmetry, are a subregnum (a major group) of animals, including the majority of phyla; the most notable exceptions are the sponges and cnidarians. For the most part, Bilateria have bodies that develop from three different germ layers, called the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. From this they are called triploblastic. Nearly all are bilaterally symmetrical, or approximately so. The most notable exception is the echinoderms, which are radially symmetrical as adults, but are bilaterally symmetrical as la ...

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