::Main article: History of theology Theology - Classical Greek theology c.700 BC to 323 BC. Various forms of systematic and philosophical reflection on Ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology arose in the classical period - from Hesiod's attempts to organise the diverse materials of mythology into a unified Theogony to the more properly philosophical analysis reportedly carried out by Socrates. Plato's Timaeus and Aristotle's Metaphysics Book Lambda are two of the most influential writings of Classical Greek theology. See also:

Theology, Theology - History of the term, Theology - A brief history of Theologies, Theology - Classical Greek theology c.700 BC to 323 BC, Theology - Hellenistic theology 323 BC to 529 AD, Theology - Early Jewish theology to c.200 AD, Theology - Early Christian theology to c.500 AD, Theology - Theology and religions other than Christianity, Theology - Theology and the Academy, Theology - Theological studies in different institutions, Theology - Divisions of theology, Theology - Quotes

Read more here: » Theology: Encyclopedia II - Theology - A brief history of Theologies

First Crusade - Aftermath. The success of the First Crusade was unprecedented. Newly achieved stability in the west left a warrior aristocracy in search of new conquests and patrimony, and the new prosperity of major towns also meant that money was available to equip expeditions. The Italian naval towns, in particular Venice and Genoa, were interested in extending trade. The Papacy saw the Crusades as a way to assert Catholic influence as a unifying force, with war as a religious mission. This was a new attitude ...

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First Crusade, First Crusade - Background, First Crusade - The East in the late eleventh century, First Crusade - Chronological sequence of the Crusade, First Crusade - The Council of Clermont, First Crusade - The People's Crusade, First Crusade - The German Crusade, First Crusade - The Princes' Crusade, First Crusade - The Crusade of 1101 and the establishment of the kingdom, First Crusade - Analysis of the First Crusade, First Crusade - Aftermath, First Crusade - The pilgrims, First Crusade - Popularity of the Crusade, First Crusade - Spiritual versus earthly rewards, First Crusade - Selected sources and further reading, First Crusade - Primary sources, First Crusade - Primary sources online, First Crusade - Secondary sources, First Crusade - Bibliographies

Read more here: » First Crusade: Encyclopedia II - First Crusade - Analysis of the First Crusade

Sociologists of religion, analysing the functioning of religious faiths and institutions as social structures without specific regard to their doctrines, have observed that religions operate differently, require different institutional forms, depending on how integrated they are with the surrounding society. Labels that have been given to some of these relationships include cult, sect, denomination, and ecclesia. In roughly ascending order, these terms relate ...

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Divine grace, Divine grace - Shared concepts of grace, Divine grace - Biblical concepts of grace, Divine grace - Ideas of grace in the Hebrew Bible, Divine grace - New Testament ideas of grace, Divine grace - Tension between grace and works in the New Testament, Divine grace - Efforts to resolve the tension, Divine grace - Concepts of grace in the history of Christianity, Divine grace - Grace in Western Christianity, Divine grace - Pelagius vs. St Augustine, Divine grace - Grace and merit, Divine grace - Grace in Eastern Christianity, Divine grace - Grace in the Protestant Reformation:, Divine grace - Calvinism and Arminianism, Divine grace - Jansenism versus the Jesuits, Divine grace - The Protestant Reformation and ecclesiology, Divine grace - Latter-day Saint Perspective, Divine grace - For further reading, Divine grace - Orthodox, Divine grace - Roman Catholic, Divine grace - Protestant

Read more here: » Divine grace: Encyclopedia II - Divine grace - Concepts of grace in the history of Christianity

Walter J. Ong - Introduction. In 2004, the University of Chicago Press reissued Ong's 1958 Harvard University Press book Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue: From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason, with a new foreword by Adrian Johns. On the back cover, we are told that Ong today "enjoys the status of honorary guru among technophiles." As we shall see below, from the time of Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue onward over his long and productive life, Ong works with a thesis ...

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Walter J. Ong, Walter J. Ong - Biography, Walter J. Ong - Contributions in perspective, Walter J. Ong - Introduction, Walter J. Ong - Ramus Method and the Decay of Dialogue 1958, Walter J. Ong - The Presence of the Word 1967, Walter J. Ong - Fighting for Life 1981, Walter J. Ong - Orality and Literacy 1982, Walter J. Ong - Hopkins the Self and God 1986, Walter J. Ong - An Ong Reader 2002, Walter J. Ong - Works about Ong, Walter J. Ong - Publications, Walter J. Ong - Lectures, Walter J. Ong - Books, Walter J. Ong - Categories

Read more here: » Walter J. Ong: Encyclopedia II - Walter J. Ong - Contributions in perspective

The manifestation of sexual orientation is subject to a considerable variability. Thus it is common for homosexual individuals in heteronormative societies to love, marry, and have children with individuals of the opposite sex, a practice that may be done primarily for social reasons in societies which reject same-sex relations, as a cover for one's orientation (such relationships are known as "beards"). The opposite situation seems to obtain in homonormative societies, where men whose primary attraction may be to the opposite sex nonetheles ...

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Homosexuality, Homosexuality - Etymology and usage, Homosexuality - Academic study, Homosexuality - Anthropology, Homosexuality - Biology, Homosexuality - Psychology, Homosexuality - Nature versus nurture, Homosexuality - Societal attitudes, Homosexuality - Modern law, Homosexuality - Understudied phenomena, Homosexuality - Political aspects, Homosexuality - Military, Homosexuality - Youth groups, Homosexuality - Religion, Homosexuality - Polemic, Homosexuality - Historical and geographical practices, Homosexuality - Africa, Homosexuality - Americas, Homosexuality - East Asia, Homosexuality - Europe, Homosexuality - Middle East and Central Asia, Homosexuality - South Pacific, Homosexuality - Modern Developments, Homosexuality - Art and literature, Homosexuality - Articles, Homosexuality - Categories

Read more here: » Homosexuality: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality - Academic study

Different definitions of culture reflect different theories for understanding - or criteria for evaluating - human activity. Sir Edward B. Tylor wrote in 1871 that "culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society", while a 2002 document from the United Nations agency UNESCO states that culture is the "set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and ...

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Culture, Culture - Defining culture, Culture - Culture as civilization, Culture - Culture as worldview, Culture - Culture as values norms and artifacts, Culture - Culture as patterns of products and activities, Culture - Culture as symbols, Culture - Culture as stabilizing mechanism, Culture - Cultural change, Culture - Propagating culture, Culture - Cultural studies, Culture - Sample list of cultures, Culture - Cultures of contemporary countries and regions, Culture - Contemporary local cultures, Culture - Other contemporary cultures, Culture - Historic cultures

Read more here: » Culture: Encyclopedia II - Culture - Defining culture

Different definitions of culture reflect different theories for understanding - or criteria for evaluating - human activity. Sir Edward B. Tylor wrote in 1871 that "culture or civilization, taken in its wide ethnographic sense, is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society", while a 2002 document from the United Nations agency UNESCO states that culture is the "set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and ...

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Culture, Culture - Defining culture, Culture - Culture as values norms and artifacts, Culture - Culture as civilization, Culture - Culture as worldview, Culture - Culture as patterns of products and activities, Culture - Culture as symbols, Culture - Culture as stabilizing mechanism, Culture - Cultural change, Culture - Propagating culture, Culture - Cultural studies, Culture - Sample list of cultures, Culture - Cultures of contemporary countries and regions, Culture - Contemporary local cultures, Culture - Other contemporary cultures, Culture - Historic cultures

Read more here: » Culture: Encyclopedia II - Culture - Defining culture

To define what is typical of Western society and Western culture, it is necessary to understand its context. At different times and in different contexts, the definition of the West (also called the Occident) varies. It is not always clear which definition is being used. Western world - Historical. Hellenic division: The Hellenic division between Greeks and "barbarians" predates the division between East and West. The contrast was between Greek-speaking culture of mainlan ...

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Western world, Western world - Western countries, Western world - Historical, Western world - Cold War, Western world - Post-Cold War, Western world - Further definitions, Western world - Western life, Western world - Western thought

Read more here: » Western world: Encyclopedia II - Western world - Western countries

To define what is typical of Western society and Western culture, it is necessary to understand its context. At different times and in different contexts, the definition of the West (also called the Occident) varies. It is not always clear which definition is being used. Western world - Historical. The Hellenic division between Greeks and "barbarians" predates the division between East and West. The contrast was between Greek-speaking culture of mainland Greece, the Aegean, the ...

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Western world, Western world - Western countries, Western world - Historical, Western world - Cold War, Western world - Post-Cold War, Western world - Further definitions, Western world - Western life, Western world - Western thought

Read more here: » Western world: Encyclopedia II - Western world - Western countries

Evolutionary creationism is a variant of creationism which accepts microevolution and macroevolution while retaining a theistic interpretation of evolution. Theistic evolution is accepted (or at least not rejected) by major Christian churches, including Roman Catholicism; some Judaism denominations; and other religious organizations that lack a literalist stance concerning holy scriptures. With this approach toward evolution, scriptural creation stor ...

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Theistic evolution, Theistic evolution - Spectrum of viewpoints, Theistic evolution - Deism, Theistic evolution - Other variants, Theistic evolution - Christianity, Theistic evolution - Christian Justification for Evolution, Theistic evolution - Islam, Theistic evolution - Judaism, Theistic evolution - Evolutionary biologists who were also theists, Theistic evolution - Criticisms of theistic evolution

Read more here: » Theistic evolution: Encyclopedia II - Theistic evolution - Spectrum of viewpoints

The ability to communicate with those who have passed into the nonphysical or "died" gives a person a unique perspective on life and death. Working as a medium has blessed me with the opportunity to communicate with many in the spirit world. Often through the years, as clients have thanked me heartily for bringing through a loved one, I have found myself sincerely returning their gratitude for the opportunity to "meet" the spirits who came through for them. I have learned a great deal from these communications about the nature of life and "death."

Read more here: » AfterLife: Death is a Dream - What the Dead have taught me about the Afterlife

The movement was nominally launched by Phillip E. Johnson's book Darwin on Trial in 1991. The intelligent design movement began to take its present shape and course in 1996 with the forming of the Discovery Institute's Center for the Renewal of Science and Culture (CRSC), now known as the "Center for Science and Culture" (CSC). Johnson, a law professor whose religious conversion catalyzed his anti-evolution efforts, assembled a group of like-minded supporters who promote intelligent design through their writings, financed by CSC fello ...

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Intelligent design movement, Intelligent design movement - Origin of the movement, Intelligent design movement - Intelligent design as a movement, Intelligent design movement - Participants and themes central to the movement, Intelligent design movement - Faith versus science, Intelligent design movement - Intelligent design in the political arena, Intelligent design movement - Intelligent design movement in the public arena, Intelligent design movement - Intelligent design in higher education, Intelligent design movement - 2005 Discovery Institute/Bryan Leonard doctoral thesis controversy, Intelligent design movement - 2003 PBS video controversy, Intelligent design movement - 2005 Smithsonian donation controversy, Intelligent design movement - 2005 University of California at Berkeley controversy, Intelligent design movement - Dissent within the movement, Intelligent design movement - Criticisms of the movement, Intelligent design movement - Reference notes

Read more here: » Intelligent design movement: Encyclopedia II - Intelligent design movement - Intelligent design as a movement

Evolutionary creationism is a variant of creationism which accepts microevolution and macroevolution while retaining a theistic interpretation of evolution. Theistic evolution is accepted (or at least not rejected) by major Christian churches, including Roman Catholicism; some Judaism denominations; and other religious organizations that lack a literalist stance concerning holy scriptures. With this approach toward evolution, scriptural creation stories are typically interpreted as being allegorical in nature. Many individuals stress the unreliability of Genesis as a scientific text ...

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Theistic evolution, Theistic evolution - Spectrum of viewpoints, Theistic evolution - Deism, Theistic evolution - Other variants, Theistic evolution - Christianity, Theistic evolution - Christian Justification for Evolution, Theistic evolution - Islam, Theistic evolution - Judaism, Theistic evolution - Evolutionary biologists who were also theists, Theistic evolution - Criticisms of theistic evolution

Read more here: » Theistic evolution: Encyclopedia II - Theistic evolution - Spectrum of viewpoints

Meaning of Dreams in Islam

Few Western dream researchers have any familiarity with the rich dream traditions of Islam. The Muslim faith first emerged in seventh century B.C.E. Arabia as a profound revisioning of early Jewish and Christian beliefs and practices. One theme the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) drew from the scriptures of those two religions was a reverence for dreaming. In the Quran, as in the Jewish Torah and the Christian New Testament, dreams serve as a vital medium by which God communicates with humans. Dreams offer divine guidance and comfort, warn people of impending danger, and offer prophetic glimpses of the future. Although the three religions drastically differ on many other topics, they find substantial agreement on this particular point: dreaming is a valuable source of wisdom, understanding, and inspiration. Indeed, as I will propose in this brief essay, Islam has historically shown greater interest in dreams than either of the other two traditions, and has done more to weave dreaming into the daily lives of its members. From the first revelatory visions of Muhammed to the myriad dream practices of present-day Muslims, Islam has developed and sustained a complex, multifaceted tradition of active engagement with the dreaming imagination.

Read more here: » Meaning of Dreams in Islam: Reflections on the Dream Traditions of Islam

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Alternative Health Dictionary , Hinduism Dictionary , Spiritual Dictionary, Sanskrit Dictionary , Parapsychology Dictionary, Paganism Dictionary,
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