Existentialism is a philosophical movement that views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing, that are primary. That is, they cannot be reduced to or be explained by a natural-scientific approach or any approach that attempts to detach itself from or rise above these themes. Human beings are exposed to or, to use the philosopher Martin Heidegger's phrase, "thrown" into, existence. Existentialists consider being ...

Including:

• Existentialism - Overview
• Existentialism - Major concepts in existentialism
• Existentialism - Existentialism before 1970
• Existentialism - Existentialism since 1970
• Existentialism - Criticisms of existentialism
• Existentialism - Existentialism in psychotherapy
• Existentialism - Major thinkers and authors associated with the movement
• Existentialism - Film directors
• Existentialism - Novelists and playwrights
• Existentialism - Philosophers
• Existentialism - Psychologists
• Existentialism - Theologians
• Existentialism - Existentialism in popular culture
• Existentialism - Film
• Existentialism - Humour

Read more here: » Existentialism: Encyclopedia - Existentialism

Father Walter Jackson Ong, Ph.D. (November 30, 1912 – August 12, 2003), was a thinker known today as an honorary guru among technophiles. He was a Jesuit priest, professor of English literature, cultural and religious historian, linguist, and philosopher. Walter J. Ong - Biography. Walter Jackson Ong, Jr. was born in Kansas City, Missouri to a Protestant father and a Roman Catholic mother; he was raised as a Roman Catholic. In 1933 he received a bachelor of arts degree from Rockhurst College, where he maj ...

Including:

• Walter J. Ong - Biography
• Walter J. Ong - Contributions in perspective
• Walter J. Ong - Introduction
• Walter J. Ong - Ramus Method and the Decay of Dialogue 1958
• Walter J. Ong - The Presence of the Word 1967
• Walter J. Ong - Fighting for Life 1981
• Walter J. Ong - Orality and Literacy 1982
• Walter J. Ong - Hopkins the Self and God 1986
• Walter J. Ong - An Ong Reader 2002
• Walter J. Ong - Works about Ong
• Walter J. Ong - Publications
• Walter J. Ong - Lectures
• Walter J. Ong - Books
• Walter J. Ong - Categories

Read more here: » Walter J. Ong: Encyclopedia - Walter J. Ong

An elf is a mythical creature of Norse mythology which survived in northern European folklore. Originally a race of minor gods of nature and fertility, elves are often pictured as youthful-seeming men and women of great beauty living in forests and other natural places, underground, or in wells and springs. They have been portrayed to be long-lived or immortal and they have magical powers attributed to them. Following the success of J.R.R. Tolkien's epic The Lord of the Rings—wherein a wise, angelic people named elves play a significant role—they have b ...

Including:

• Elf - Characteristics of traditional elves
• Elf - Elves in Norse mythology
• Elf - Scandinavian elves
• Elf - German elves
• Elf - English elves
• Elf - Modern elves
• Elf - Elves at Christmas
• Elf - Elves in modern fantasy
• Elf - Notes

Read more here: » Elf: Encyclopedia - Elf

Incest is sexual activity or marriage between very close family members. It is a taboo, as well as a criminal offense, in most societies. The same restrictions usually apply to sexual unions as they do to marriage. The precise meaning of incest varies widely, because different cultures have differing notions of "sexual activity" and "close family member." Some jurisdictions consider only those related by birth, others also those related by adoption or marriage; some prohibit sexual relations between people who grew up in the same household, while others prohibit sexual relations betw ...

Including:

• Incest - Incest and inbreeding
• Incest - Incest versus exogamy
• Incest - Industrial societies
• Incest - Consensual adult incest
• Incest - History
• Incest - Ancient Egypt
• Incest - Royal dynasties
• Incest - In religious traditions
• Incest - In mythology
• Incest - In religion
• Incest - Fiction
• Incest - Genetics

Read more here: » Incest: Encyclopedia - Incest

Epistemology, from the Greek words episteme (knowledge) and logos (word/speech) is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, origin and scope of knowledge. Historically, it has been one of the most investigated and most debated of all philosophical subjects. Much of this debate has focused on analysing the nature and variety of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth and belief. Much of this discuss ...

Including:

• Epistemology - Definition of knowledge
• Epistemology - Justified true belief
• Epistemology - The problem of defining knowledge
• Epistemology - A priori versus a posteriori knowledge
• Epistemology - Knowledge and belief
• Epistemology - Distinguishing knowing that from knowing how
• Epistemology - Justification
• Epistemology - Irrationalism
• Epistemology - Rationality
• Epistemology - Synthetic and analytic statements
• Epistemology - Epistemological theories
• Epistemology - Empiricism
• Epistemology - Idealism
• Epistemology - Phenomenalism
• Epistemology - Pragmatism
• Epistemology - Rationalism
• Epistemology - Representationalism
• Epistemology - Relativism
• Epistemology - Skepticism
• Epistemology - Contemporary approaches
• Epistemology - Gettier

Read more here: » Epistemology: Encyclopedia - Epistemology

Alchemy is an early protoscientific and philosophical discipline combining the elements of chemistry, metallurgy, physics, medicine, astrology, semiotics, mysticism, and art. Alchemy has been practiced in ancient Egypt, India, and China, in Classical Greece and Rome, in the Islamic Empire, and then in Europe up to the 19th century — in a complex network of schools and philosophical systems spanning at least 2500 years. The alchemists did not follow what is now known as the scientific method, and much of the "knowledge" they p ...

Including:

• Alchemy - Overview
• Alchemy - Alchemy as a proto-science
• Alchemy - The changing goals of alchemy
• Alchemy - Alchemy and astrology
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the age of science
• Alchemy - Alchemy as a subject of historical research
• Alchemy - Etymology
• Alchemy - History
• Alchemy - Alchemy in Ancient Egypt
• Alchemy - Chinese alchemy
• Alchemy - Indian alchemy
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Greek world
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Roman Empire
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Islamic world
• Alchemy - Alchemy in Medieval Europe
• Alchemy - Alchemy in the Modern Age and Renaissance
• Alchemy - The decline of Western alchemy
• Alchemy - Modern 'alchemy'
• Alchemy - Alchemy in art and entertainment
• Alchemy - Literature
• Alchemy - Music
• Alchemy - Other alchemical pages
• Alchemy - Related and alternative philosophies
• Alchemy - Scientific connections
• Alchemy - Substances of the alchemists
• Alchemy - Other resources

Read more here: » Alchemy: Encyclopedia - Alchemy

Defining dark spirituality in the western world is difficult, because of its reliance on the individual to define their own spirituality. Dark spiritualists believe that each individual should be responsible for defining their own morality and spirituality. A person who goes to a God or authority figure to define their spirituality is often considered to be involved in light spirituality. This means even left hand religions can be considered a light spirituality if they worship some form of God or Goddess. For this reason even Theistic Satan ...

See also:

Dark Spirituality, Dark Spirituality - Defining Dark Spirituality, Dark Spirituality - Spiritual Goal, Dark Spirituality - Morality, Dark Spirituality - Occult Beliefs

Read more here: » Dark Spirituality: Encyclopedia II - Dark Spirituality - Defining Dark Spirituality

Definition and meaning of versus:

versus - against; in contrast to

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Some people believe that supernatural events occur, while others do not. In the process of debate, both sides attempt to discredit the other. People that believe in supernatural events accuse those who do not of naturalizing genuinely supernatural events; people that do not believe in supernatural events accuse who do of supernaturalizing genuinely natural events. The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Naturalization. The neologism naturalize, meaning, "to make natural", is sometimes us ...

See also:

The supernatural in monotheistic religions, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Definition of supernatural, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Naturalization versus supernaturalization, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Naturalization, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Supernaturalization, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - The subjective nature of the issue, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Views on the supernatural within monotheism, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Supernaturalization and naturalization in the Hebrew Bible, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Supernaturalization and naturalization in the New Testament, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - The Von Corvin Hypothesis, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Creeping supernaturalization as a falsifiable phenomenon, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - The Doherty Hypothesis, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Specific recorded supernatural events, The supernatural in monotheistic religions - The wishful thinking hypothesis

Read more here: » The supernatural in monotheistic religions: Encyclopedia II - The supernatural in monotheistic religions - Naturalization versus supernaturalization

Humans have many different methods which attempt to answer fundamental questions about the nature of the universe and our place in it (cosmology). What is reality? How can we know? Who are we? Why we are here? How should we live? What happens after we die? Religion is only one of the methods for trying to answer one or more of these questions. Other methods include science, philosophy, metaphysics, esotericism, and mysticism. Many people use more than one of these methods. Christianity is the religion with the largest number o ...

See also:

Religion, Religion - Etymology, Religion - Religion and science, Religion - Philosophy and metaphysics, Religion - Esotericism and mysticism, Religion - Spirituality, Religion - Myth, Religion - Approaches to the study of individual religions, Religion - Methods of studying religion subjectively in relation to one's own beliefs, Religion - Methods of studying religion objectively in a scientific and religiously neutral fashion, Religion - Development of religion, Religion - Religion today, Religion - Approaches to relating to the beliefs of others, Religion - Exclusivism, Religion - Inclusivism, Religion - Pluralism, Religion - Syncretism, Religion - Universalism, Religion - Systemization, Religion - Religion and other approaches to forming beliefs about the nature of the universe, Religion - Related philosophical stances, Religion - Compare with

Read more here: » Religion: Encyclopedia II - Religion - Religion and other approaches to forming beliefs about the nature of the universe

Although Adi Da has authored over 70 books on spirituality and the process of God-Realization over the last 35 years, his full and complete teaching argument is now contained in a 23 book canon, known as his "Source Texts". The texts comprising this body of work—the Dharma (or Scripture) of the Way of the Heart—are distinct from other general or introductory Adidam books. While such introductory books are merely about the process of Adidam, the Source Texts, in their study, are a necessary component of that process. Although these texts may be beneficially studied by anyone, th ...

See also:

Adi Da, Adi Da - Life, Adi Da - Teaching, Adi Da - Response, Adi Da - Complete Teaching Literature, Adi Da - The Dawn Horse Testament, Adi Da - The Five Books Of The Heart Of The Adidam Revelation, Adi Da - The Seventeen Companions Of The True Dawn Horse, Adi Da - Name changes, Adi Da - Books by other authors

Read more here: » Adi Da: Encyclopedia II - Adi Da - Complete Teaching Literature

Definition and meaning of acoustic signature:

acoustic signature - a set of characteristics used to describe a sound signal. This may include sound echos from targets, radiated and ambient noise, with salient echo characteristics including target strength, spectral reflectivity versus frequency, doppler shift, doppler spread and target range extent

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Definition and meaning of heuristic:

heuristic - problem analysis based on informal judgment or experience versus data manipulation; a guideline or rule of thumb that is normally effective in dealing with a given situation

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Definition and meaning of qualitative analysis:

qualitative analysis - the analysis of a phenomenon to determine its qualitative characteristics versus its quantitative characteristics, i.e., characteristics for which precise numerical characterization is not appropriate

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Definition and meaning of tide gauge:

tide gauge - a device for measuring the height (rise and fall) of the tide; especially an instrument for automatically making a continuous graphic record of tide height versus time

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

Arnaldo Lerma - Usenet postings and intimidation. Arnie Lerma first came to the usenet newsgroup alt.religion.scientology in 1994. The newsgroup became a vehicle for free speech as Lerma began to post court documents as the Washington Post described, "testimony from former church officials who describe Scientology as a dangerous cult that brainwashes and blackmails its members and harasses defectors and critics." In November of 1994, representatives from Scientology began to intimidate Lerma, by visiting h ...

See also:

Arnaldo Lerma, Arnaldo Lerma - Personal, Arnaldo Lerma - Controversy with Scientology, Arnaldo Lerma - Usenet postings and intimidation, Arnaldo Lerma - RTC vs. Lerma, Arnaldo Lerma - Lermanet, Arnaldo Lerma - Citizens Against Corruption, Arnaldo Lerma - Quotes, Arnaldo Lerma - Writings

Read more here: » Arnaldo Lerma: Encyclopedia II - Arnaldo Lerma - Controversy with Scientology

Immediately prior to his first Dianetics publications, Hubbard was involved with occultist Jack Parsons in performing rites developed by Aleister Crowley. Some investigators have noted similarities in Hubbard's writings to the doctrines of Crowley,[2] though the Church of Scientology denies any such connection. An influence that Hubbard did acknowledge is the system of General Semantics developed by Alfred Korzybski in the 1930s. [3] Scientology also reflects the influence of the Hindu concept of karma, as well as the less metaphysical theories of Sigmun ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Origins

On November 16, 2005, Comedy Central aired a South Park episode centering around Scientology called Trapped in the Closet[26]. In the episode, Scientologists decide Stan is the reincarnation of L. Ron Hubbard. The story includes some of the "secrets" cited above, including the Xenu incident. These are presented with the caption "This is what Scientologists actually believe," lest viewers mistake the comments for satire. The show concludes with a group of Scientologists threatening to sue Stan, and the credits are entirely populated by ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Scientology in popular culture

Although "Scientology" is most often used as shorthand for the Church of Scientology, a number of groups practice Scientology and Dianetics outside of the official Church. Such groups are invariably breakaways from the original Church, and usually argue that it has corrupted L. Ron Hubbard's principles or otherwise become overly domineering. The Church takes an extremely hard line on breakaway groups, labeling them "apostates" (or "squirrels" in Scientology jargon) and often subjecting them to considerable legal and social pressure. Breakaway groups avoid the ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Independent Scientology groups

The Church of Scientology has concertedly attempted to convert artists and entertainers — they have special recruitment facilities for public figures designated Celebrity Centres. They can be found in Hollywood, New York, Nashville, Las Vegas, London, Paris, and Vienna, though Hollywood is the largest and most important. Scientologists give this description: L. Ron Hubbard recognized the importance of the artist to society. Thus he created Celebrity Centre International — a Church of Scientology that specializes in delive ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Scientology in popular culture, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Immediately prior to his first Dianetics publications, Hubbard was involved with occultist Jack Parsons in performing rites developed by Aleister Crowley. Some investigators have noted similarities in Hubbard's writings to the doctrines of Crowley,[2] though the Church of Scientology denies any such connection. An influence that Hubbard did acknowledge is the system of General Semantics developed by Alfred Korzybski in the 1930s. [3] Scientology also reflects the influence of the Hindu concept of karma, as well as the less metaphysical theories of Sigmun ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Origins

The Church of Scientology has concertedly attempted to convert artists and entertainers — they have special recruitment facilities for public figures designated Celebrity Centres. They can be found in Hollywood, New York, Nashville, Las Vegas, London, Paris, and Vienna, though Hollywood is the largest and most important. Scientologists give this description: L. Ron Hubbard recognized the importance of the artist to society. Thus he created Celebrity Centre International — a Church of Scientology that specializes in delive ...

See also:

Scientology, Scientology - Beliefs and practices, Scientology - Auditing, Scientology - The ARC Triangle, Scientology - The tone scale, Scientology - Past lives, Scientology - Operating Thetan levels and the Xenu incident, Scientology - Scientology and other religions, Scientology - Origins, Scientology - The Church of Scientology, Scientology - Independent Scientology groups, Scientology - Controversy and criticism, Scientology - Official Status as a Religion, Scientology - Scientology and psychiatry, Scientology - Scientology Versus The Internet, Scientology - Celebrity practitioners

Read more here: » Scientology: Encyclopedia II - Scientology - Celebrity practitioners