Spirituality versus Religion

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Immortality

Immortality (or eternal life) is the concept of existing for a potentially infinite, or indeterminate length, of time. Throughout history, humans have had the desire to live forever. What form an unending or indefinitely-long human life would take, or whether it is even possible, has been the subject of much speculation, fantasy, and debate. Immortality - Definitons of immortality. There exist three main types of immortality (see also 'Concepts of immortality', below): A common concept o ...

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Immortality - Concepts of immortality

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Mithraism

Mithraism (in Persian: مهرپرستی) was an ancient mystery religion prominent from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD. It was based on worship of the god Mithras and derives from the Persian and Indic god Mithra and other Zoroastrian deities. Mithras was known throughout Europe and Asia by the names Mithra, Mitra, Meitros, Mihr, Mehr, and Meher. The veneration of this God began about 4000 years ago in Persia, where ...

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Mithraism - Principles of Mithraism

Mithraism - History of Mithraism

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Virgin

In its most general sense, virginity is characterized by a state of unimpacted purity, usually stemming from a lack of experience (for example, newcomers to game Bingo could be referred to as virgins). Traditionally, virgin is used to describe a person who has not engaged in sexual intercourse. This use is traditionally restricted to a person who has not yet engaged in vaginal intercourse, but it is sometimes used to describe someone who has not engaged in sexual activities in general. Also, someone can be referred to as ...

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Read more here: » Virgin: Encyclopedia - Virgin

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Evil

Evil is a term describing that which is regarded as morally bad, intrinsically corrupt, wantonly destructive, inhumane, or wicked. In most cultures, the word is used to describe acts, thoughts, and ideas which are thought to (either directly or causally) bring about withering and death —the opposite of life. However, the definition of what counts as evil differs widely from culture to culture and from individual to individual. Some philosophers reject the idea of evil. Plato, for example, argued that what we call evil is merely ignorance, and th ...

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Read more here: » Evil: Encyclopedia - Evil

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Bhakti

Bhakti (Sanskrit: भक्ति; Tamil: பக்தி) is a Tamil or Sanskrit term from Hinduism that means intense devotion expressed by action (service). A person who practices bhakti is called Bhakta. The concept of devotion is more or less the same in all religions. But in Hinduism there are certain extra subtleties which make it comparatively more complicated. These are : the One Reality versus many ‘Gods’ of worship; deity worship through ‘icons’ and ‘images’; the freedom to choose one’s own ‘favo ...

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Read more here: » Bhakti: Encyclopedia - Bhakti

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Apologetics

Apologetics is the field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position. Someone who engages in apologetics is called an apologist or an "apologete". The term comes from the Greek word apologia (απολογια), meaning defense of a position against an attack. When John Henry Newman entitled his spiritual autobiography Apologia Pro Vita Sua in 1864, he was playing upon both connotations. Early uses of the term include Plato's Apology (the defense speech of Socrates from his trial) and some works of ...

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Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Judaism and Christianity

The article Judaism and Christianity compares and contrasts two closely related Abrahamic religions that are in some ways parallel to each other and in other ways fundamentally divergent in theology and practice. Whereas the article on the Judeo-Christian tradition emphasizes continuities and convergences between the two religions, this article emphasizes that Judaism and Christianity each have widely diverging views of their respective relationship to the other, and of elements they have in common, such as the Bible and God. Including:

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Children of God

The Children of God (COG), later known as the Family of Love, the Family, and now The Family International is a new religious movement that started in 1968 in Huntington Beach, California, USA. It was part of the Jesus Movement of the late 1960s, with many of its early converts drawn from the hippie movement. It was among the movements prompting the cult controversy of the 1970s and 1980s in the United States and Europe and t ...

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Children of God - Beliefs

Children of God - Recent Teachings

Children of God - History

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Dark Ages

The phrase the Dark Ages (or Dark Age) is most commonly known in relation to the European Early Middle Ages (from about A.D. 476 to about 1000). This concept of a "Dark Age" was first created by Italian humanists and was originally intended as a sweeping criticism of the character of Late Latin literature. Later historians expanded the term to include not only the lack of Latin literature, but a lack of contemporary written history and material cultural achievements in general. Popular culture has further expanded on the ...

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Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Consciousness

Consciousness is a quality of the mind generally regarded to comprise such key features as subjectivity, self-awareness, sentience, sapience, and the ability to perceive the relationship between oneself and one's environment. It is a subject of much research in philosophy of mind, psychology, neurology, and cognitive science. Some philosophers divide consciousness into phenomenal consciousness, which is experience itself, and access consciousness, which is the processing of the things in experience (Block 2004). Others consider ...

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Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Homosexuality

Biological factors / Choice / Environment Demographics / History Gender role / Gender identity Human sexual behavior / Animal sexuality Critiques of sexual behavior Gay rights / Laws / Same-sex marriage Homophobia / Biphobia / Psychology Medical science / Gay community Two-Spirit / Violence against LGBT people History of the Gay Community Christianity ...

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Homosexuality - Societal attitudes

Homosexuality - Historical and geographical practices

Homosexuality - Art and literature

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Divine grace

History of Christianity Jesus of Nazareth The Apostles Ecumenical councils Great Schism The Crusades Reformation The Trinity God the Father Christ the Son The Holy Spirit The Bible Old Testament New Testament Apocrypha The Gospels Ten Commandments Sermon on the Mount Christian theology Salvation · Grace Christian worship Christian Church Catholicism Orthodox Christianity Protestantism Christian denominations ...

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Divine grace - Concepts of grace in the history of Christianity

Divine grace - For further reading

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Great Apostasy

The Great Apostasy is a term of opprobrium used by some religious groups to allege a general fallen state of traditional Christianity, or especially of Catholicism, reformist Protestantism and (often merely by implication) Eastern Orthodoxy: that it is not representative of the faith founded by Jesus and promulgated through his twelve Apostles. This view is not shared by the churches so accused. Great Apostasy - Overview. Most significant non-Catholic and non-Orthodox Christian denominations have for ...

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Great Apostasy - Restorationist perspective

Great Apostasy - Related Articles

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism

Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular modern world. It is broadly defined as the effort to adapt Orthodox Judaism to modernity and to avoid the social and/or cultural isolation which livi ...

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Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Comparison with other movements

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Right and Left

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Modern forms of textual criticism

Modern Orthodox Judaism - Criticism

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Black supremacy

Black supremacy is the belief that blacks as a group are superior to members of other races. Black supremacy - Black supremacy versus White supremacy. In its simplest form, black supremacy is the racist belief in the inherent superiority of the "black race." Unlike many white supremacists, black supremacists generally do not regard their belief in black superiority as equivalent to white supremacy, which has caused many white supremacists to make the accusation that black bigotry is excused by society for t ...

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Black supremacy - Compare

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Western world

The term Western world or "the West" can have multiple meanings depending on its context. Originally defined as Western Europe, most modern uses of the term refer to the societies of Western and Central Europe and their close genealogical, linguistic, and philosophical colonial descendants, typically included are those countries whose ethnic identity and dominant culture are derived from European culture. Western world - Western countries. To define what is typical of Western society and We ...

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Western world - Western countries

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Culture

The word culture, from the Latin colere, with its root meaning "to cultivate", generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. Different definitions of "culture" reflect different theoretical bases for understanding, or criteria for evaluating, human activity. Anthropologists most commonly use the term "culture" to refer to the universal human capacity to classify, codify and communicate their experiences symbolically. This capacity is taken as a defining f ...

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Culture - Defining culture

Read more here: » Culture: Encyclopedia - Culture

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Augustine of Hippo

Aurelius Augustinus, Augustine of Hippo ("The knowledgeable one") (November 13, 354–August 28, 430) is a saint and the pre-eminent Doctor of the Church according to Roman Catholicism, and is considered by Evangelical Protestants to be (together with the Apostle Paul and the Bible) the theological fountainhead of the Reformation teaching on salvation and grace. He was the eldest son of Saint Monica. Works of Saint Augustine, an African by birth, a Roman by education, a Milanese by baptism, still inspire many Christians all ove ...

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Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism

Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmud ("The Oral Law") and later codified in the Shulkhan Arukh ("Code of Jewish Law"). It is governed by these works and the Rabbinical commentary of the last 1,000+ years. Orthodox Judaism is characterized by: The belief that the Torah (i.e. the Pentateuch) and its pertaining laws are "Divine": Transmitted by God to Moses who then wrote it down, and cannot be ...

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Orthodox Judaism - Beliefs about Jewish law and tradition

Orthodox Judaism - Orthodox organizations and groups

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Jewish view of marriage

Judaism considers marriage to be the ideal state of existence; a man without a wife, or a woman without a husband, are considered incomplete. Jewish view of marriage - Classical customs. In traditional Jewish society, from the era of the Talmud up to the enlightenment, social association of the sexes was usually restricted (tzeniut). In Orthodox Jewish communities these social restrictions are still in force. Jewish view of marriage - Betrothal from the Mishnah and Talmud ...

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Jewish view of marriage - Classical customs

Jewish view of marriage - Betrothal from the Mishnah and Talmud

Jewish view of marriage - Marriage ceremony

Jewish view of marriage - Reform and Conservative adaptations

Jewish view of marriage - The Ketubah

Jewish view of marriage - Conservative Reform and Reconstructionist changes

Jewish view of marriage - Divorce

Jewish view of marriage - Conservative and Reform changes

Jewish view of marriage - Marriage in Israel

Spirituality versus Religion: Encyclopedia - Menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle is the set of recurring physiological changes in a female's body that are under the control of the reproductive hormone system and necessary for reproduction. In women, menstrual cycles occur typically on a monthly basis between puberty and menopause. Besides humans, only other great apes exhibit menstrual cycles, in contrast to the estrus cycle of most mammalian species. During the menstrual cycle, the sexually mature female body releases one egg (or occasionally two, which might result in dizygotic, or non ...

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Menstrual cycle - The normal menstrual cycle in humans

Menstrual cycle - Debate

Menstrual cycle - Culture and menstruation

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