Some philosophers suggest that consciousness resists or even defies definition. Others believe it can be usefully distinguished between phenomenal consciousness and access or psychological consciousness, while still others disagree. There are many philosophical stances on consciousness, including: behaviorism, dualism, idealism, functionalism, phenomenalism, physicalism, emergentism, and mysticism. C ...

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Consciousness, Consciousness - Etymology, Consciousness - Consciousness and language, Consciousness - Cognitive neuroscience approaches, Consciousness - Philosophical approaches, Consciousness - Phenomenal and access consciousness, Consciousness - The description and location of phenomenal consciousness, Consciousness - Access consciousness, Consciousness - Physical approaches, Consciousness - Spiritual approaches, Consciousness - Functions of consciousness, Consciousness - Tests of consciousness, Consciousness - Turing Test, Consciousness - Mirror test, Consciousness - Cognitive Neuroscience, Consciousness - Philosophy, Consciousness - Physical Theories of Consciousness, Consciousness - People, Consciousness - Miscellaneous

Read more here: » Consciousness: Encyclopedia II - Consciousness - Philosophical approaches

Theories about what causes berserker behavior include spiritual possession, ingestion of materials with psychoactive properties, psychological processes, and medical conditions. According to a theory of spirit possession, the berserk rage was achieved through possession by the animal spirit of either a bear or a wolf. Berserkers would cultivate an ability to allow the animal spirit to take over their body du ...

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Berserker, Berserker - Etymology, Berserker - Literary references, Berserker - Theories regarding the causes of berserker behavior, Berserker - Berserkers in popular culture

Read more here: » Berserker: Encyclopedia II - Berserker - Theories regarding the causes of berserker behavior

Following the release of their book, Beck and Cowan taught this theory in two courses, SDI and SDII. They ceased their formal working relationship in 1999. Beck became interested in Ken Wilber's integral theory and developed a branch of spiral dynamics that he calls Spiral Dynamics Integral. This version of the theory uses integral concepts such as the four quadrants. Beck is also associated with the spiritual teacher, Andrew Cohen. Cowan does not subscribe to these developments and promotes a version of the theory which he des ...

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Spiral dynamics, Spiral dynamics - Overview, Spiral dynamics - First tier vMemes, Spiral dynamics - Second tier vMemes, Spiral dynamics - Pathologies, Spiral dynamics - Other Theoretical Elements, Spiral dynamics - Further Theoretical Development, Spiral dynamics - Bibliography

Read more here: » Spiral dynamics: Encyclopedia II - Spiral dynamics - Further Theoretical Development

Colored Light MindBody Healing (Color Light therapy, colored light healing, colored light therapy): A form or variation of color therapy. According to Color Light therapy's theory, light of certain wavelengths can enhance spiritual awareness and spiritual surrender (releasing) and facilitate the flow of Mental and Creative energies.

(See also: Colored Light MindBody Healing, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

The Diamond Approach is a teaching developed by A. H. Almaas that shows an integration of a variety of mystical teachings, including Sufism, and modern depth psychology. It is described as a synthesis of the spiritual and psychological, using psychological methods and insights to gain understanding of the personality and the ego, with the aim of spiritual unfoldment and integration. For example, the method of inquiry is used to explore aspects of the self. Object relations theory is used to examine the development of the personality and the ...

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A. H. Almaas, A. H. Almaas - The Diamond Approach, A. H. Almaas - The Ridhwan School, A. H. Almaas - Bibliography

Read more here: » A. H. Almaas: Encyclopedia II - A. H. Almaas - The Diamond Approach

MINDTONICS (MINDTONICS program, Mindtonic training): Component of FITONICS that allows union of one's conscious and one's subconscious spiritual core. The goal of the MINDTONICS program, in short, is to cleanse the mind. Its theory posits an indwelling spirit.

(See also: MINDTONICS, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Phineas P. Quimby

Mesmerist and healer whose metaphysical theories influenced Mary Baker Eddy (founder of Christian Science)and New Thought and other Mind Science religions

(See also: Phineas P. Quimby, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Phineas P. Quimby

Mesmerist and healer whose metaphysical theories influenced Mary Baker Eddy (founder of Christian Science)and New Thought and other Mind Science religions

(See also: Phineas P. Quimby, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Superior Fast (superior fasting): Ascetic mode of fasting that is a means of ascending into a higher state of physical, mental, and spiritual being. Its theory posits a soul capable of shouting. (See Rational Fasting.)

(See also: Superior Fast, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Alexander Method: A means of integrating one's mental, physical, and spiritual aspects. According to its theory, maintaining alignment of the head, neck, and back leads to optimum overall physical functioning. Fredrick Matthias Alexander concluded that faulty posture was responsible for diverse symptoms.

(See also: Alexander Method, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Iridology (eye analysis, iridiagnosis, irido-diagnosis, iris diagnosis): Diagnostic system that states that every bodily organ corresponds to a location on the iris (the colored portion of the eye surrounding the pupil). According to iridology theory, the iris serves as a map of the body and gives warning signs of physical, mental, and spiritual problems.

(See also: Iridology, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Dual Covenant

The belief that the New Testament applies to Gentiles only. The Jewish people must relate to God through the earlier Old Testament or Abrahamic covenant. A similar doctrine called the Plural Covenant theory emphasizes other covenants in addition to these two major systems.

(See also: Dual Covenant, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Chinese hand analysis: Form of palmistry based on the ancient Chinese theory of the Five Elements. It isa means of obtaining information on health, sexuality, vocation, and spirituality.

(See also: Chinese hand analysis, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Natural Health Program: New York Open Center course that provides a way to empower persons to improve their health. The course encompasses the five elements theory, spiritual nutrition (see Rainbow Diet), and means of detoxifying and protecting human energy fields.

(See also: Natural Health Program, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Atlantean Healing Ray Training: Instruction in a prototypal healing system (including Healing at a Distance), provided by Michael E. Morgan. Morgan is a trance channeler for Yokar, the Atlantean Scientist-priest. Atlantean Healing Ray Training theory posits the Life Force, spiritual energies, and subtle bodies.

(See also: Atlantean Healing Ray Training, Alternative Health, Body Mind and Soul)

Hypnosynergistic therapy: Combination of deep energy work, hypnosis, and spirituality developed by Dr. William Bezmen. Its theory posits a multi-dimensional self and a soul with a discoverable purpose.

(See also: Hypnosynergistic therapy, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Hypno-Meditation: Component of FITONICS originated by Dr. Donald Burton Schnell. Hypno-Meditation is a synthesis of Eastern and Western spiritual teachings and techniques. Its theory posits Cosmic Consciousness, a higher state of awareness from which the best human emotions flow.

(See also: Hypno-Meditation, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Psychoenergetic Healing: A metaphysical, advanced mode of psychotherapy. Its theory posits a spiritual, healing energy or Light that all humans can access. it also posits reincarnation.

(See also: Psychoenergetic Healing, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

psychosynthesis (psychosynthesis therapy): Form of spiritual psychotherapy originated in 1910 by Italian psychiatrist Roberto Assagioli, M.D. (1888-1974), and developed by Johannes Schultz. Its design is to effect the integration and growth of the self and to release and direct psychic energies generated thereby. Its theory posits chakras (energy centers).

(See also: Psychosynthesis, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

didgeridoo vibrational healing: Group of techniques, of Australian aboriginal origin, promoted by the Emerging Light Center of Queens, in New York City. It helps to remove blocks. Its theory posits spiritual centers and a personal spiritual being with a reachable core.

A didgeridoo (also spelled didjeridu) is a hornlike wind instrument, generally three feet long, of hollowed, petrified eucalyptus bark. Aborigines use it to produce a sound that effects healing on an energetic or spiritual level. This sound expands one's aura.

(See also: Didgeridoo vibrational healing, Body Mind and Soul, Alternative Health, Alternative Health Dictionary)

Sorokin is author of books such as The crisis of our age and Power and morality, but his magnum opus is Social and Cultural Dynamics (1937-1941). His unorthodox theories contributed to the social cycle theory and inspired (or alienated) many sociologists. In his Social and Cultural Dynamics he classified societies according to their 'cultural mentality', which can be ideational (reality as spiritual), sensate (reality is material), or idealistic (a synthesis of the two). He has interpreted the contemporary ...

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Pitirim Sorokin, Pitirim Sorokin - Works

Read more here: » Pitirim Sorokin: Encyclopedia II - Pitirim Sorokin - Works

Aleister Crowley

(1875–1947) An English magician and Occultist. Crowley was known for sex magic, homosexual rituals, and a fascination with drugs, blood and torture. Headed the British branch of Ordo Templi Orientis (OTO), founded the Abbey of Thelema at Cefalu in Sicily. Author of Diary of a Drug Fiend and Magick in Theory and Practice

(See also: Aleister Crowley, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)