The Bristle-spined Porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus, is an arboreal rodent from Brazil. Also known as the Thin-spined Porcupine, it is the only member of the genus Chaetomys and the subfamily Chaetomyinae. Bristle-spined Porcupine - Characteristics. Bristle-spined Porcupines are named because the spines on the back are more bristle-like in texture than the spines on the rest of the body. They have long naked tails which are not prehensile. Adult animals weigh around ...

Including:

• Bristle-spined Porcupine - Characteristics
• Bristle-spined Porcupine - Taxonomic controversy

Read more here: » Bristle-spined Porcupine: Encyclopedia - Bristle-spined Porcupine

Read more here: » Cervical spine disorder: Encyclopedia - Cervical spine disorder

Definition and meaning of spine:

spine - a sharp hard bony structure on the skeleton or skin. Body spines serve as predator deterrents; a usually stiff, sharp, dermal rod which supports a fin in fishes

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

For more dictionary entries, see » Spine Dictionary

The neck is the part of the body on many limbed vertebrates that distinguishes the head from the torso or trunk. Neck - Anatomy of the human neck. Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine. The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven bony segments, typically referred to as C-1 to C-7, with cartilaginous disks between each vertebral body. From top to bottom the cervical spine is gently curved in convex-forward fashion. Neck - Soft tissue anatomyIncluding:

• Neck - Anatomy of the human neck
• Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine
• Neck - Soft tissue anatomy

Read more here: » Neck: Encyclopedia - Neck

Bookbinding is the process of physically assembling a book from a number of separate sheets of paper or other material. Bookbinding - Historical. The craft of bookbinding may have originated around the 1st century A.D. Romans of the time created a form of simple book called a codex by folding sheets of vellum or parchment in half and sewing them through the fold. Codices were a significant improvement over papyrus or vellum scrolls, in that they were easier to handle, allowed writing on both sides of the le ...

Including:

• Bookbinding - Historical
• Bookbinding - Modern commercial binding
• Bookbinding - Modern hand binding
• Bookbinding - Terms and techniques
• Bookbinding - Spine Conventions

Read more here: » Bookbinding: Encyclopedia - Bookbinding

Vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column (aka spine) — a flexuous and flexible column. There are thirty-three (33) vertebrae in humans, including the five that are fused to form the sacrum (the others are separated by intervertebral discs) and the four coccygeal bones which form the tailbone. The upper three regions comprise the remaining 24, and are grouped under the names cervical (7 vertebrae), thoracic (12 vertebrae) and lumbar (5 v ...

Including:

• Vertebra - General structure
• Vertebra - Cervical vertebrae
• Vertebra - Thoracic vertebrae
• Vertebra - Lumbar vertebrae
• Vertebra - Vertebral Development

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Backbone may mean: Spine (anatomy), of a vertebrate organism Backbone chain, in polymer chemistry, the framework of the molecule Backbone Entertainment, a video game development company Internet backbone Other related archivesBackbone Entertainment, Backbone chain, Internet backbone, Spine (anatomy)

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Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, progressive inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting spine and sacroiliac joints, causing eventual fusion of the spine; it is a member of the group of the spondylarthropathies. Complete fusion results in a complete rigidity of the spine, a condition known as bamboo spine. Treatment is with physiotherapy and medication. Some cases remain mild, while other result in marked disability. Ankylosing spondylitis - Signs and symptoms. The typical patient is ...

Including:

• Ankylosing spondylitis - Signs and symptoms
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Diagnosis
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Pathophysiology
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Epidemiology
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Therapy
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Prognosis
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Famous patients
• Ankylosing spondylitis - Reference

Read more here: » Ankylosing spondylitis: Encyclopedia - Ankylosing spondylitis

Areoles are the distinctive feature of cacti, and identify them as a separate family from other succulent plants. Areoles give rise to spines or, on certain cacti, small, detachable glochids which are an additional form of protection. The areoles on cacti are clearly visible. They generally appear as small light to dark colored bumps, out of which grow clusters of spines. Areoles represent highly specialized branches on cacti. They are believed to have evolved as vestigial leaves of cacti were modified into spines over time. Th ...

Including:

• Areole - Evolution
• Areole - Importance

Read more here: » Areole: Encyclopedia - Areole

A saddle may be: A riding saddle, a seat for a rider fastened to an animal's back: English Saddle Western Saddle Sidesaddle Saddle blanket The Saddle, a mountain in Scotland In mathematics: A saddle point produces a graph that resembles a riding saddle A monkey saddle is a similar graph with three dips ...

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A cervical collar is a plastic neck brace that is used to secure the cervical Vertebra in the normal position. The term normal anatomical position is used to describe the position of the head, neck and spine in the manner in which they appear with a human body lying supine with palms facing upward. With the head, neck and spine aligned in such a manner, the potential for injuries to these organs is decreased. It is especially important to protect the cervical Vertebra as death or paralysis can occur as a result from any injury

Read more here: » Cervical collar: Encyclopedia - Cervical collar

The acromion process, or simply the acromion, is an anatomical feature on the scapula. It is a continuation of the scapular spine, and hooks over anteriorly. The acromion articulates with the clavicle to form the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion process of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) is particularly elongated compared to that of humans. ...

Read more here: » Acromion process: Encyclopedia - Acromion process

Definition and meaning of opercular spine:

opercular spine - in fishes, a spine projecting from the operculum (gill cover)

(Source: US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) )

Also see these pages: Oceanography, Oceanography Sitemap, Coral Reef, Environment, Sustainability, Climate Change,

For more dictionary entries, see » Spine Dictionary

Bristle-spined Porcupines are named because the spines on the back are more bristle-like in texture than the spines on the rest of the body. They have long naked tails which are not prehensile. Adult animals weigh around 1.3 kg. Their skulls are unusual in several ways. The eye socket is almost completely surrounded by a ring of bone. Incisors are distinctly narrow. Overall, the animal displays a mix of New World porcupine cranial characters, spiny rat cranial characte ...

See also:

Bristle-spined Porcupine, Bristle-spined Porcupine - Characteristics, Bristle-spined Porcupine - Taxonomic controversy

Read more here: » Bristle-spined Porcupine: Encyclopedia II - Bristle-spined Porcupine - Characteristics

The main causes of cervical spine (CS) stenosis include cervical spondylosis, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), or calcification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. CS stenosis is more common in males than females, and is mainly found in the 40-60 year age group. Signs of CS stenosis include spastic gait; upper extremity numbness; upper extremity, lower extremity weakness or both; radicular pain in the upper limb; sphincter disturbances; muscle wasting; sensory deficits; and reflex abnormalities in reflexes. The best diagnostic and investigative tool is magnetic resonance ...

See also:

Spinal stenosis, Spinal stenosis - Cervical spine stenosis, Spinal stenosis - Lumbar spine stenosis

Read more here: » Spinal stenosis: Encyclopedia II - Spinal stenosis - Cervical spine stenosis

The spine is a prominent plate of bone, which crosses obliquely the medial four-fifths of the dorsal surface of the scapula at its upper part, and separates the supra- from the infraspinatous fossa. It begins at the vertical border by a smooth, triangular area over which the tendon of insertion of the lower part of the Trapezius glides, and, gradually becoming more elevated, ends in the acromion, which overhangs the shoulder joint. The spine is triangular, and flattened from above d ...

See also:

Scapula, Scapula - Muscles, Scapula - Surfaces, Scapula - Costal, Scapula - Dorsal, Scapula - The Spine 'spina scapulæ', Scapula - The Acromion, Scapula - Borders, Scapula - Angles, Scapula - The Coracoid Process 'processus coracoideus', Scapula - Structure, Scapula - Ossification

Read more here: » Scapula: Encyclopedia II - Scapula - The Spine 'spina scapulæ'

Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine. The cervical portion of the human spine comprises seven bony segments, typically referred to as C-1 to C-7, with cartilaginous disks between each vertebral body. From top to bottom the cervical spine is gently curved in convex-forward fashion. Neck - Soft tissue anatomy. In the middle line below the chin can be felt the body of the hyoid bone, just below which is the prominence of the thyroid cartilage called "Adam's apple," better marke ...

See also:

Neck, Neck - Anatomy of the human neck, Neck - Bony anatomy: The cervical spine, Neck - Soft tissue anatomy

Read more here: » Neck: Encyclopedia II - Neck - Anatomy of the human neck

Scapula - Costal. The costal or ventral surface [Fig. 1] presents a broad concavity, the subscapular fossa. The medial two-thirds of the fossa are marked by several oblique ridges, which run lateralward and upward. The ridges give attachment to the tendinous insertions, and the surfaces between them to the fleshy fibers, of the Subscapularis. The lateral third of the fossa is smooth and c ...

See also:

Scapula, Scapula - Muscles, Scapula - Surfaces, Scapula - Costal, Scapula - Dorsal, Scapula - The Spine 'spina scapulæ', Scapula - The Acromion, Scapula - Borders, Scapula - Angles, Scapula - The Coracoid Process 'processus coracoideus', Scapula - Structure, Scapula - Ossification

Read more here: » Scapula: Encyclopedia II - Scapula - Surfaces

The scapula is ossified from seven or more centers: one for the body, two for the coracoid process, two for the acromion, one for the vertebral border, and one for the inferior angle. Ossification of the body begins about the second month of fetal life, by the formation of an irregular quadrilateral plate of bone, immediately behind the glenoid cavity. This plate extends so as to form the chief part of the bone, the spine growing up from its dorsal surface about the third month. At birth, a large part of the scapula is osseous, but the glenoid cavity, the coracoid process, the acromion, the vertebral border, a ...

See also:

Scapula, Scapula - Muscles, Scapula - Surfaces, Scapula - Costal, Scapula - Dorsal, Scapula - The Spine 'spina scapulæ', Scapula - The Acromion, Scapula - Borders, Scapula - Angles, Scapula - The Coracoid Process 'processus coracoideus', Scapula - Structure, Scapula - Ossification

Read more here: » Scapula: Encyclopedia II - Scapula - Ossification

When talking about bookbinding as a craft, hardbound books are most common. Any sewn book can be pulled apart and rebound into a hardbound book by adding a case. Cases are often cardboard and sometimes wooden squares adhered to paper or leather and formed around the text block. There are different methods of sewing, such as stab sewing. A traditional method which uses sashes allows the book to open flat and not break the spine. Books can be bound in many different materials. Some of the more common materials for covers are leather and ...

See also:

Bookbinding, Bookbinding - Historical, Bookbinding - Modern commercial binding, Bookbinding - Modern hand binding, Bookbinding - Terms and techniques, Bookbinding - Spine conventions

Read more here: » Bookbinding: Encyclopedia II - Bookbinding - Modern hand binding