The accessory nerve (or "Spinal accessory nerve") is the eleventh of twelve cranial nerves. It leaves the cranium through the jugular foramen along with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) and vagus nerve (X). It innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle (sternomastoid) and trapezius muscle on the ipsilateral side. There are two parts to the accessory nerve, a spinal part (innervates the muscles around neck), and a cranial part, that splits off, and quickly combines with the vagus nerve. The cranial part of nerve XI can b ...

Including:

Accessory nerve - Nuclei of the spinal accessory nerve Accessory nerve - Testing the accessory nerve

Read more here: » Accessory nerve: Encyclopedia - Accessory nerve

See also:

Spinal nerve, Spinal nerve - Formation of the spinal nerves, Spinal nerve - Fate of the spinal nerve, Spinal nerve - Importance of the spinal nerves

Read more here: » Spinal nerve: Encyclopedia II - Spinal nerve - Fate of the spinal nerve

Inside the spinal cord, there is grey matter, surrounded by white matter. From out of the grey matter, two dorsal roots (one on the left side, and one on the right side) and two ventral roots emerge. The dorsal roots contain afferent sensory axons, and the ventral roots contain efferent motor axons. Dorsal means back, ventral means front. As the body is symmetrical, the same thing happens on both the left and right side of the body. This happens in each vertebra of the spine. The dorsal roots of each side continue outwards, along the way forming ...

See also:

Spinal nerve, Spinal nerve - Formation of the spinal nerves, Spinal nerve - Fate of the spinal nerve, Spinal nerve - Importance of the spinal nerves

Read more here: » Spinal nerve: Encyclopedia II - Spinal nerve - Formation of the spinal nerves

The autonomic nervous system is the part of the nervous system of the higher life forms that is not consciously controlled. It is commonly divided into two usually antagonistic subsystems: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls such vital functions as heart rate, dilation of the bronchioles and dilation and constriction of the pupil; the digestive tract is controlled almost completely by autonomic mechanisms. Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature. ...

Including:

Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature Autonomic nervous system - Function Autonomic nervous system - Individual components Autonomic nervous system - The Cranial Sympathetics Autonomic nervous system - Connections with the Spinal Nerves Autonomic nervous system - Development

Read more here: » Autonomic nervous system: Encyclopedia - Autonomic nervous system

On either side of the spinal cord run the sympathetic and para-sympathetic cords, a double chain of ganglia. Ganglia means a collection of nerve-cells. These constitute the Autonomic System which supplies nerves to the involuntary organs, such as heart, lungs, intestines, kidneys, liver, etc., and controls them.

Read more here: » Nadis: Para-Sympathetic And Sympathetic System

During the Spiral Twists yoga position (Ardha Matsyendrasana) your vertebrae are mobilized; the exercises also allow more nourishment to reach the roots of the spinal nerves and the sympathetic nevous system.

Read more here: » Yoga Positions: Spinal Twisting - Yoga Position

Chakras are in the Linga Sarira (astral body). Linga Sarira is of 17 Tattvas, viz., 5 Jnanendriyas (ears, skin, eyes, tongue and nose); 5 Karmendriyas (speech, hands, legs, genitals, anus); 5 Pranas (Prana, Apana, Vyana, Udana, Samana); Manas (mind); and Buddhi (intellect). These have corresponding centres in the spinal cord and the nerve-plexuses in the gross body. Each Chakra has control and function over a particular centre in gross body.

Read more here: » Chakras: Padmas Or Chakras

The ansa cervicalis is a loop of nerves that are part of the cervical plexus. The superior root of the ansa cervicalis is a loop between fibers from spinal nerves C1 and C2. These nerve fibers travel in the hypoglossal nerve before leaving to form the superior root. The superior root goes around the occipital artery and then descends in the carotid sheath. It sends a branch off to the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle and is then joined by the inferior root. The inferior root is formed by fibers from spinal nerves C ...

Including:

Ansa cervicalis - Reference

Read more here: » Ansa cervicalis: Encyclopedia - Ansa cervicalis

Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge from the brainstem instead of the spinal cord. Cranial nerves I and II are named as such, but are technically not nerves, as they are continuations of the central nervous system. In human anatomy, there are exactly 12 pairs of them, traditionally abbreviated by the corresponding Roman numerals: Olfactory nerve (I) Optic nerve (II) Oculomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Trigeminal nerve (V), subdivided into Ophthalmic nerve (V1)< ...

Including:

Cranial nerves - Nerves and nuclei
Cranial nerves - Arrangement of the nuclei
Cranial nerves - Cranial nerves in non-human vertebrates Cranial nerves - Mnemonic devices Cranial nerves - External link

Read more here: » Cranial nerves: Encyclopedia - Cranial nerves

The brachial plexus is an arrangement of nerve fibres (a plexus) running from the spine (vertebrae C5-T1), through the neck, the axilla (armpit region), and into the arm. All nerves of the arm stem from the brachial plexus (with the exception of the intercostobrachialis nerve which supplies an area of skin near the axilla). Therefore, lesions of the plexus can lead to severe functional impairment. Brachial plexus - Anatomy. The brachial plexus starts from the five ventral rami of the spinal nerves, after th ...

Including:

Brachial plexus - Anatomy
Brachial plexus - Branches of the brachial plexus
Brachial plexus - Anesthesia of the Brachial Plexus
Brachial plexus - Peripheral nerve blockade Brachial plexus - Brachial plexus blockade
Brachial plexus - Injuries

Read more here: » Brachial plexus: Encyclopedia - Brachial plexus

Spondylosis is the degeneration of the vertebral processes and formation of osteophytes. It commonly occurs with aging. Often there is herniation of the nucleus pulposus. Compression of the nerve roots is accompanied with sensory and motor disturbances and pain. Spondylosis is a deformity of the joint of two vertebrae, particularly of the neck, where as the space between the two adjacent vertebrae narrows, this result in pressing upon the nerves emerging from the spinal cord and result in sev ...

Including:

Spondylosis - Treatment

Read more here: » Spondylosis: Encyclopedia - Spondylosis

The cervical plexus is a plexus of the ventral roots of the first four cervical spinal nerves which are located from C1 to C4 cervical segment near the neck. They are located laterally to the transverse processes between prevertebral muscles from the medial side and vertebral(m.scalenus,m.levator scapulae,m.splenius cervicis) from lateral side. Here there is anastomosis with n.accessorius, n.hypoglossus and sympathetic trunk. It is located in the neck, deep to sternocleidomastoid. Nerves formed from the cervical plexus innerva ...

Read more here: » Cervical plexus: Encyclopedia - Cervical plexus

Chiropractic, also known as chiropractic care, is a health care discipline that claims to prevent and treat health problems by using spinal adjustments in order to correct spinal dysfunction, or subluxations. Chiropractic asserts that the brain and nervous system control and coordinate all the body's functions in part through nerve branches that exit from the spinal cord between the vertebrae. Some Chiropractors infer a causal relationship between nerve interference or compression at the spine and subsequent problems in more dis ...

Including:

Chiropractic - History Chiropractic - Chiropractic subluxation Chiropractic - Usage Chiropractic - Chiropractic education licensure and regulation
Chiropractic - United States
Chiropractic - Philosophical schools of chiropractic Chiropractic - Criticism of chiropractic
Chiropractic - Safety concerns

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White matter is one of the two main solid components of the central nervous system. It forms the bulk of the deep parts of the brain and the superficial parts of the spinal cord. Aggregates of grey matter such as the basal ganglia (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, nucleus accumbens) and brain stem nuclei (red nucleus, substantia nigra, cranial nerve n ...

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Uttanasana (forward bend) is a hatha yoga posture, one of the most 'popular', utilized in most hatha yoga classes. The posture consists of standing with feet together, then hinging forward from the hips, letting the head hang, with palms placed flat on the floor near the feet. Practitioners suggest that this posture provides these benefits: Provides a complete stretch to the entire back side of the body. Rejuvenates the spinal nerves. Removes depression, makes the mind peaceful and c ...

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An autonomic ganglion is a collection of neuron cell bodies within the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic ganglia. Ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system deliver information to the body about stress and impending danger, and evokes the familiar fight-or-flight response when activated. Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic chain ganglia. The sympathetic chain ganglia are located just anterior to the spinal cord. Preganglionic nerves from the central n ...

Including:

Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic ganglia
Autonomic ganglion - Sympathetic chain ganglia Autonomic ganglion - Collateral ganglia
Autonomic ganglion - Parasympathetic ganglia
Autonomic ganglion - Terminal ganglia

Read more here: » Autonomic ganglion: Encyclopedia - Autonomic ganglion

Back pain (also known as "dorsopathies") is pain felt in the back that may come from the spine, muscles, nerves, or other structures in the back. It may radiate from the lower, mid or upper back. The pain may be a tingling or burning sensation, a dull aching, or sharp pain. Weakness may also be felt in the legs or feet. Back pain is one of humanity's most frequent complaints and does not always reflect any underlying condition. Back pain that does not improve after a few days can sometimes indicate significant and seriou ...

Including:

Back pain - Underlying causes Back pain - Management
Back pain - Back manipulation and spinal manipulation Back pain - Physiotherapy exercise and behavior modification Back pain - Medical procedures
Back pain - Related topics

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The last 4 cervical spinal nerves, C5 through C8, and the first thoracic spinal nerve, T1,combine to form the brachial plexus, or plexus brachialis, a tangled array of nerves, splitting, combining and recombining, to form the nerves that subserve the arm and upper back. Although the brachial plexus may appear tangled, it is highly organized and predictable, with little variation between people. See brachial plexus injuries. See also:

Peripheral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system - Naming of specific nerves, Peripheral nervous system - Cervical spinal nerves C1-C4, Peripheral nervous system - Brachial plexus C5-T1, Peripheral nervous system - Before forming three cords, Peripheral nervous system - Lateral cord, Peripheral nervous system - Posterior cord, Peripheral nervous system - Medial cord, Peripheral nervous system - Other thoracic spinal nerves T3-T12, Peripheral nervous system - Pelvis and perineal nerves

Read more here: » Peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Peripheral nervous system - Brachial plexus C5-T1

The 12 cranial nerves originate from the brainstem, and mainly control the functions of the anatomic structures of the head with some exceptions. CN X receives visceral sensory information from the thorax and abdomen, and CN XI is responsible for innervating the sternocleidomastoid, or musculus sternocleidomastoideus and trapezius muscle, or the musculus trapezius, neither of which are exclusively in the head. Spinal nerves take their origins from the spinal cord. They control the functions of the rest of the body. In humans, there ar ...

See also:

Peripheral nervous system, Peripheral nervous system - Naming of specific nerves, Peripheral nervous system - Cervical spinal nerves C1-C4, Peripheral nervous system - Brachial plexus C5-T1, Peripheral nervous system - Before forming three cords, Peripheral nervous system - Lateral cord, Peripheral nervous system - Posterior cord, Peripheral nervous system - Medial cord, Peripheral nervous system - Other thoracic spinal nerves T3-T12, Peripheral nervous system - Pelvis and perineal nerves

Read more here: » Peripheral nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Peripheral nervous system - Naming of specific nerves

The cranial sympathetics include sympathetic efferent fibers in the oculomotor, facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, as well as sympathetic afferent in the last three nerves. The Sympathetic Efferent Fibers of the Oculomotor Nerve probably arise from cells in the anterior part of the oculomotor nucleus which is located in the tegmentum of the mid-brain. These preganglionic fibers run with the third nerve into the orbit and pass to the ciliary ganglion where they terminate by forming synapses with sympathetic motor neurons whose ...

See also:

Autonomic nervous system, Autonomic nervous system - Nomenclature, Autonomic nervous system - Function, Autonomic nervous system - Individual components, Autonomic nervous system - The Cranial Sympathetics, Autonomic nervous system - Connections with the Spinal Nerves, Autonomic nervous system - Development

Read more here: » Autonomic nervous system: Encyclopedia II - Autonomic nervous system - The Cranial Sympathetics