Spectrum

In most modern usages of the word spectrum, there is a unifying theme of a variety of possible cases between extremes at either end. Older usages were not necessarily on that same unifying theme, but nonetheless led to the modern ones through a sequence of events set out below. Some modern usages in mathematics evolved out of that unifying theme but may be difficult to recognize as fitting into it. Spectrum - Origins. Originally a spectrum was what is now called a spectre, i.e., a phantom or ...

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Read more here: » Spectrum: Encyclopedia - Spectrum

Spectrum: Encyclopedia - Continuous spectrum In mathematics and physics, continuous spectrum is, roughly speaking, a non-countable set of eigenvalues of an operator. An operator acting on a Hilbert space is said to have a continuous spectrum if its eigenvalues can be changed continuously. If the spectrum of an operator is not continuous, we say that it is has discrete spectrum. Some of the basic questions in spectral theory are to characterise the discrete spectrum and purely continuous spectrum, just as a measure, such as a probability measure, can typically ...

Spectrum: Encyclopedia - Bipolar spectrum

The bipolar spectrum is the continuous range of depressive diseases, ranging from bipolar disorder to unipolar depression. A simple nomenclature system was introduced in 1978, although there are others, by Angst, J., et al, to easier label individuals' affectedness within the spectrum, following a clinical study by the Psychiatric University Clinic of Zurich. Points on the spectrum using this nomenclature are denoted using the following codes: 'M' severe mania 'D' severe depression (unipolar depression) 'm' less severe mania ...

Spectrum: Encyclopedia II - Neomycin - Spectrum

Neomycin has a broad spectrum of effect, killing both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is relatively toxic to humans, and some people have allergic reactions to it. Neomycin is used in the laboratory in agar plates when culturing organisms anaerobically. Neomycin stops the growth of gram-negative bacilli and staphylcocci, allowing Streptococcus species to grow more abundantly. ...

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ZX Spectrum - Notable titles

Spectrum: Encyclopedia - Spectrum of a ring

In abstract algebra and algebraic geometry, the spectrum of a commutative ring R, denoted by Spec(R), is defined to be the set of all proper prime ideals of R. It is commonly augmented with the Zariski topology and with a structure sheaf, turning it into a locally ringed space. Spectrum of a ring - Zariski topology. Spec(R) can be turned into a topological space as follows: a subset V of Spec(R) is closed if and only if there exists a subset I of R< ...

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Spectrum: Encyclopedia - Optical spectrum

The visible spectrum is the portion of the optical spectrum (light or electromagnetic spectrum) that is visible to the human eye. There are no exact bounds to the optical spectrum, but there are to the visible spectrum. A typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm, although some people may be able to perceive wavelengths from 380 to 780 nm. A light-adapted eye typically has its maximum sensitivity at around 555 nm, in the green reg ...

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Spectrum: Encyclopedia - Absorption spectrum

Electromagnetic radiation may be characterised by its wavelength. An absorption spectrum is a diagram which shows the wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation absorbed by a material. The material could be a gas, a solute or a solid. An absorption spectrum is, in a sense, the inverse of an emission spectrum. Atoms and molecules may change states when they absorb specific amounts of energy. Atomic states are defined by the arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals. An electron in some orbital may be excited to a more energetic orbital by absorbing exactly one photon which has ...

Spectrum: Hindu - Hinduism Dictionary on Spectrum

spectrum: A series of colored bands which blend one into the other so as to include the entire range of colors, as a rainbow. The entire range of variations of anything, as in the spectrum of all possible emotions.

(See also: Spectrum, Hinduism, Body Mind and Soul)

For more dictionary entries, see » Spectrum Dictionary

Spectrum: Encyclopedia - Spectral line

A spectral line is a dark or bright line in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum, resulting from an excess or deficiency of photons in a narrow frequency range, compared with the nearby frequencies. Spectral lines are the result of interaction between a quantum system (usually atoms, but sometimes molecules or atomic nuclei) and single photons. When a photon has exactly the right energy to allow a change in the energy state of the system (in the case of an atom this is usually an electron changing orbitals), the photon ...

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Spectral line - Spectral line broadening and shift

Spectrum: Encyclopedia II - Spread spectrum - Spread-spectrum telecommunications

This is a technique in which a signal is transmitted on a bandwidth considerably larger than the frequency content of the original information. Spread-spectrum telecommunications is a signal structuring technique that employs direct sequence, frequency hopping or a hybrid of these, which can be used for multiple access and/or multiple functions. This technique decreases the potential interference to other receivers while achieving privacy. Spread spectrum generally makes use of a sequential noise-like signal structure to spread the no ...

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Spectrum: Encyclopedia II - ZX Spectrum - Description

Video output was to a TV, for a simple colour graphic display. The rubber keyboard (on top of a membrane, similar to calculator keys) was marked with Sinclair BASIC keywords, so that, for example, pressing "G" when in programming mode would insert the BASIC command GO TO. Experienced programmers were thus able to create BASIC programs much faster than on other computers at the time. Programs and data we ...

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Spectrum

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