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Soviet War In Afghanistan | A Wisdom Archive on Soviet War In Afghanistan | | Soviet War In Afghanistan A selection of articles related to Soviet War In Afghanistan | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Soviet War In Afghanistan | | | |  Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deploymentIn December 1978, Moscow signed a bilateral treaty of friendship and cooperation with Afghanistan which permitted Soviet deployment in case of an Afghan request. Soviet military assistance increased and Amin’s regime became increasingly dependent on Soviet military equipment and advisers. However, by October 1979 relations between Afghanistan and the Soviet Union were tense as Amin dismissed Soviet advice on stabilizing his government.
Islamic guerrillas in the mountainous countryside harassed the Afghan army to the point where the ...
See also:Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath The war in Afghanistan had a strong impact on domestic politics in the Soviet Union. It was one of the key factors in the discontent of Communist Party rule. Civil society reacted to the deployment by trivializing the Afghan veterans. The army was demoralized as a result of repeatedly being accused of being invaders.
The prominent dissident, Academician Andrei Sakharov, publicly denounced the activities of the Soviet Army in Afghanistan. The interpretation of the Soviet Army fighting against Islam in Afghanistan contributed to a rise of Islamic fundamentalism in the Central Asian republics and possibly to the ...
See also:Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background Afghanistan, the crossroads of Central Asia, has a long history of armed conflict. In the 4th century BCE, Alexander the Great entered the territory, then part of the Persian Empire, to capture Bactria (present-day Balkh). Invasions by the Scythians and Turks followed in succeeding centuries. In AD 642, Arabs invaded the entire region and introduced Islam.
Afghanistan's nearly impassable mountainous and desert terrain reflects its ethnically and linguistically singular population. Pashtuns are the most dominant ethnic group along with, Tajik ...
See also:Soviet war in Afghanistan, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background, Soviet war in Afghanistan - April 1978 coup, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Marxist government, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The Soviet deployment, Soviet war in Afghanistan - The USSR in the Afghan Civil War, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986 - 1989, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Aftermath, Soviet war in Afghanistan - Cinema Read more here: » Soviet war in Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Soviet war in Afghanistan - Background |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - Soviet Invasion and Civil War After the Soviet Union had leveled most of the villages south and east of Kabul, creating a massive humanitarian disaster, the demise of the PDPA continued with the rise of the mujahedeen guerrillas, who were trained in Pakistani camps with U.S. support. Between 1982 and 1992, the number of people recruited by Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency to join the insurgency topped 100,000.
The Soviet Union withdrew in 1989, but cont ...
See also:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - Early Political Activity, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - Khalq and Parcham, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - Reconciliation, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - The Saur Revolution, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - Soviet Invasion and Civil War, People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - Collapse of the Party Read more here: » People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan - Soviet Invasion and Civil War |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan Afghanistan's history, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. Over the centuries, waves of migrating peoples passed through the region--described by historian Arnold Toynbee as a "roundabout of the ancient world"--leaving behind a mosaic of ethnic and linguistic groups. In modern times, as well as in antiquity, vast armies of the world passed through this region of Asia, temporarily est ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992 Main article: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
The PDPA, as a pro-communist socialist party, implemented a socialist agenda which included decrees abolishing usury, banning forced marriages, state recognition of women’s rights to vote, replacing religious and traditional laws with secular and Marxist ones, banning tribal courts, and land reform. Men were obliged to cut their beards, women couldn't wear a burqa, and mosque visiting was forbidden. The PDPA invited the Soviet Union to assist in modernising its economic infrast ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Main article: History of Afghanistan since 1992
When the victorious mujahidin entered Kabul to assume control over the city and the central government, internecine fighting began between the various militias, which had coexisted only uneasily during the Soviet occupation. With the demise of their common enemy, the militias' ethnic, clan, religious, and personality differences surfaced, and the civil war continued.
An interim Islamic Jihad Council was put in place, first led by Sibghatullah Mojadeddi for tw ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919 Main article: European influence in Afghanistan
Dost Mohammed Khan gained control in Kabul. Collision between the expanding British and Russian Empires significantly influenced Afghanistan during the 19th century in what was termed "The Great Game." British concern over Russian advances in Central Asia and growing influence in Persia culminated in two Anglo-Afghan wars. The first (1839-1842) resulted in the destruction of a British army; it's remembered as an example of the ferocity of Afghan resistance to foreign rule. The sec ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651 Main article: Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan
Afghanistan's known pre-Islamic past began with Aryan invasions around 2000 BCE and continued with Persian, Median, Greek, Mauryan, Bactrian, and other phases in its history.
Following the defeat of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, in 328 BC, Alexander the Great entered the territory of present-day Afghanistan to capture Bactria (present-day Balkh). ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929 Main article: Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war
King Amanullah (1919-1929) moved to end his country's traditional isolation in the years following the Third Anglo-Afghan war. He established diplomatic relations with most major countries and, following a 1927 tour of Europe and Turkey--during which he noted the modernization and secularization advanced by Ataturk--introduced several reforms intended to modernize Afghanistan. Some of these, such as the abolition of the traditional Muslim veil for women and the opening of a ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826 Main article: Durrani Empire
In 1747, Ahmad Shah Durrani, the founder of what is known today as Afghanistan, established his rule. A Pashtun, Durrani was elected king in the first Loya Jirga after the assassination of the Persian ruler Nadir Shah at Khabushan in the same year. Throughout his reign, Durrani consolidated chieftainships, petty principalities, and fragmented provinces into one country. His rule extended from Mashad in the west to Kashmir and Delhi in the east, and from the Amu Darya (Oxus) River in the north to the ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973 Main article: Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah
Prince Mohammed Nadir Khan, a cousin of Amanullah's, in turn defeated Bacha-i-Saqao in October of the same year and, with considerable Pashtun tribal support, was declared King Nadir Shah. He began consolidating power and regenerating the country. He reversed the reforms of Amanullah Khan in favour of a more gradual approach to moder ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989 By the beginning of 1987, the controlling fact in the Afghan war was the Soviet Union's determination to withdraw. It would not renege on its commitment to the Kabul government's survival--Mikhail Gorbachev's options were restricted by Soviet military insistence that Kabul not be abandoned. Nevertheless, the Soviet leadership was convinced that resolution of Cold War issues with the West and internal reform were far more urgent than the fate of the Kabul government.
Other events outside Afghanistan, especially in the Soviet Union, con ...
See also:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991 With the failure of the communist hardliners to take over the Soviet government in August 1991, Mohammad Najibullah's supporters in the Soviet Army lost their power to dictate Afghan policy. The effect was immediate. On September 13, the Soviet government, now dominated by Boris Yeltsin, agreed with the United States on a mutual cut off of military aid to both sides in the Afghan civil war. It was to begin January 1, 1992.
The post-coup Soviet government then attempted to develop political relations with the Afghan resistance. In mid- ...
See also:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham The PDPA was also never able to rid itself of internal rivalries. Burdened by obvious evidence that the Soviets oversaw its policies, actively dominated the crucial sectors of its government, and literally ran the war, the PDPA could not assert itself as a political force until after the Soviets left. In the civil war period that followed, it gained significant respect, but its internal disputes worsened.
Born divided, the PDPA suffered virtually continuous conflict between its two major factions. The Soviets imposed a public truce up ...
See also:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace The accords did not bring peace to Afghanistan. There was little expectation among its enemies or the Soviet Union that the Kabul government would survive. Its refusal to collapse introduced a three-year period of civil war.
The Geneva process failed to prevent the further carnage which a political solution among Afghans might have prevented or lessened. It failed partially because the Geneva process prevented participation by the Afghan resistance. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (DRA) occupied Afghanistan's seat at the United ...
See also:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988 The Soviets grossly underestimated the huge cost of the Afghan venture--described, in time, as the Soviet Union's Vietnam--to their state.
The peak of the fighting came in 1985-86. The Soviet forces launched their largest and most effective assaults on the mujahedin supply lines adjacent to Pakistan. Major campaigns had also forced the mujahedin into the defensive near Herat and Kandahar.
At the same time a sharp increase in military support for the mujahedin from the United States and Saudi Arabia allowed it to regain the guer ...
See also:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979 The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan began as midnight approached on December 24, 1979. They organised a massive military airlift into Kabul, involving an estimated 280 transport aircraft and 3 divisions of almost 8,500 men each. Within two days, they had secured Kabul, deploying a special Soviet assault unit against Darulaman Palace, where elements of the Afghan army loyal to Hafizullah Amin put up a fierce, but brief resistance. With Amin's death at the palace, Babrak Karmal, exiled leader of the Parcham f ...
See also:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992 The Soviet Union left Afghanistan deep in winter with intimations of panic among Kabul officials. Hard experience had convinced Soviet officials that the government was too factionalised riven to survive. Pakistani and United States officials expected a quick mujahedin victory. The resistance was poised to attack provincial towns and cities and eventually Kabul, if necessary. The first one to fall might produce a ripple effect that would unravel the government.
Within three months, these expectations were dashed at Jalalabad. An initi ...
See also:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Communists take power 1978, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Opposition forces, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet invasion December 1979, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The search for popular support, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Internal refugees: flight to the cities, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Factionalism: Khalq and Parcham, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Mohammad Najibullah 1986-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Soviet decision to withdraw 1986-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The Geneva accords 1987-1989, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The failure to bring peace, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Pakistan's attempt at a political solution 1987-1988, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The demise of the Soviet Union 1991, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The fall of Kabul April 1992, Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - The United Nations plan for political accommodation Read more here: » Democratic Republic of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - Stalemate: The Civil War 1989-1992 |
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| | | | Soviet War In Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978 Main article: Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan
Amid charges of corruption and malfeasance against the royal family and poor economic conditions created by the severe 1971-72 drought, former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan seized power in a military coup on July 17, 1973. Zahir Shah fled the country eventually finding refuge in Italy. Daoud abolished the monarchy, abrogated the 1964 constitution, and declared Afghanistan a republic with himself as its first President and Prime Minister. His attempts to carry out badly needed e ...
See also:History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan, History of Afghanistan - Pre-Islamic period of Afghanistan before 651, History of Afghanistan - Islamic conquest of Afghanistan 642-1747, History of Afghanistan - The Durrani Empire 1747-1826, History of Afghanistan - European influence in Afghanistan 1826-1919, History of Afghanistan - Reforms of Amanullah Khan and civil war 1919-1929, History of Afghanistan - Reigns of Nadir Shah and Zahir Shah 1929-1973, History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978, History of Afghanistan - Soviet intervention in Afghanistan 1978-1992, History of Afghanistan - History of Afghanistan 1992 to present Read more here: » History of Afghanistan: Encyclopedia II - History of Afghanistan - Daoud's Republic of Afghanistan 1973-1978 |
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