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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia - Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, abbreviated USSR (Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Р...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - History
The Soviet Union is traditionally considered to be the successor of the Russian Empire. The last Russian monarch, Tsar Nicholas II, ruled...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Republics
The Soviet Union was a federation of Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR). The first Republics were established shortly after the October Rev...
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Blat: Encyclopedia Ii - Blat - Soviet Union
Blat is a term which appeared in the Soviet Union to denote the use of informal agreements, Party contacts, or black market deals to achi...
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Townlet: Encyclopedia Ii - Townlet - Soviet Union
According to the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, three main types of localites were included under the description P.G.T.:
Workers' settlemen...
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Russification: Encyclopedia Ii - Russification - Soviet Union
Karelia, Chechnya and Tatarstan republics of Russia also tried to switch their alphabets to Latin, but the Latin alphabet was officially ...
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Internal Passport: Encyclopedia Ii - Internal Passport - Soviet Union
Main article: Passport system of the Soviet Union.
Internal passports were used in the Soviet Union for identification of persons for var...
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Russian Guards: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian Guards - Soviet Union
Soviet Guards (Советская Гвардия in Russian, Sovetskaya Gvardiya), units and formations of the Soviet Army, which disting...
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Enemy Of The People: Encyclopedia Ii - Enemy Of The People - Soviet Union
The Soviet Union made extensive use of the term (Russian language: враг народа, "vrag naroda"), as it fit in well with the idea...
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History Of Russia: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Russia - Soviet Union
Main article: History of the Soviet Union
History of Russia - Creation of the Soviet Union.
The history of Russia between 1922 and 1991...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - History
The Soviet Union is traditionally considered to be the successor of the Russian Empire. The last Russian czar, Nicholas II, ruled until M...
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Bard Soviet Union: Encyclopedia - Bard Soviet Union
The term bard (барды) came to be used in the Soviet Union in the early 1960s (and continues to be used in Russia today) for popular ...
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History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991: Encyclopedia - History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991
The year 1985 marked the accession of Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of General Secretary of the Soviet Union following the death of K...
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Republics Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Republics Of The Soviet Union - The Republics And The Collapse Of The Soviet Union
The republics played an important role in the collapse of the Soviet Union. Under Mikhail Gorbachev, glasnost and perestroika were intend...
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Culture Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of The Soviet Union - History
Culture of the Soviet Union - The Lenin years.
The main feature of communist attitudes towards the arts and artists in the years 1918-1...
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Politics Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of The Soviet Union - Soviet State
Politics of the Soviet Union - Communist Party.
Main article: Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Un...
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Religion In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion In The Soviet Union - Catholic
Catholics accounted for a substantial and active religious body in the Soviet Union. Their number increased dramatically with the annexat...
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Economy Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The Soviet Union - Planning
Based on a system of state ownership, the Soviet economy was managed through Gosplan (the State Planning Commission), Gosbank (the State ...
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Religion In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion In The Soviet Union - Muslim
In the late 1980s, Islam had the second largest number of believers in the Soviet Union, with between 45 and 50 million people identifyin...
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Religion In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion In The Soviet Union - Orthodox
Orthodox Christians constituted a majority of believers in the Soviet Union. In the late 1980s, three Orthodox churches claimed substanti...
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Religion In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion In The Soviet Union - Protestant
Various Protestant religious groups, according to Western sources, collectively had as many as 5 million followers in the 1980s. Evangeli...
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Politics Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of The Soviet Union - Background
The Bolsheviks who took power during the October Revolution, the final phase of the Russian Revolution, were the first Communist Party to...
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Economy Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The Soviet Union - Agriculture
Main article: Agriculture of the Soviet Union.
Agriculture was organized into a system of collective farms (kolkhozes) and state farms (s...
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Republics Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Republics Of The Soviet Union - Soviet Union In Its Final State
Republics of the Soviet Union - Soviet Republics.
Armenian SSR
Azerbaijan SSR
Byelorussian SSR
Estonian SSR
Georgian SSR
Kazakh SSR
Ki...
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Cinema Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Cinema Of The Soviet Union - Censorship
After Stalin, Soviet filmmakers got a freer hand to film what they believed audiences wanted to see in their film's characters and storie...
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Religion In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Religion In The Soviet Union - Policy Toward Religions In Practice
Since coming to power in 1917, the Soviet regime has failed to develop and apply a consistent and lasting policy toward nationalities and...
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Military History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of The Soviet Union - Collapse Of The Soviet Union And The Military
The political and economic chaos of the late 1980s and early 1990s soon erupted into the disintegration of the Warsaw Pact and the collap...
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Hero Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Hero Of The Soviet Union - Sample List Of Recipients
Hero of the Soviet Union - Once.
Nikolai Kuznetsov
Otto Schmidt
Richard Sorge
Vasily Zaitsev
Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya
Valentina Tereshkov...
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Culture Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Culture Of The Soviet Union - Control Over Information
Main articles: Printed media in the Soviet Union, Television in the Soviet Union, Radio in the Soviet Union.
All media in the Soviet Unio...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - The Collapse Of The Soviet Union And Emigration To Israel
A mass emigration was politically undesirable for the Soviet regime. As increasing number of Soviet Jews applied to emigrate to Israel in...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - The Collapse Of The Soviet Union And Emigration To Israel
A mass emigration was politically undesirable for the Soviet regime. As increasing number of Soviet Jews applied to emigrate to Israel in...
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Politics Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of The Soviet Union - Internal Politics
Politics of the Soviet Union - Perestroika and glasnost.
In the final years of the Soviet Union attempts were made by the Politburo un...
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Soviet Union At The 1988 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union At The 1988 Summer Olympics - Medals
Soviet Union at the 1988 Summer Olympics - Bronze.
Vladimir Echeev - Archery, Men's Individual Competition
...
See also:Soviet Unio...
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Marshal Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Marshal Of The Soviet Union - History Of The Rank
The military rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established by a decree of the Soviet Cabinet, the Council of People's Commissars (S...
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Names In Russian Empire Soviet Union And Cis Countries: Encyclopedia Ii - Names In Russian Empire Soviet Union And Cis Countries - Early Soviet Union
During the days of revolutionary enthusiasm, as part of the campaign to get rid of "bourgeois culture", there was a drive to invent new, ...
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Soviet Union At The 1976 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union At The 1976 Summer Olympics - Medals
Soviet Union at the 1976 Summer Olympics - Gold.
Soviet Union at the 1976 Summer Olympics - Silver.
Valentyna Kovpan — Archery, Wo...
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Cinema Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Cinema Of The Soviet Union - Historical Outline
The new state, the Soviet Union, officially came into existence on November 7, 1917. From the outset, it was held that film would be the ...
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Economy Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The Soviet Union - Foreign Trade And Currency
Largely self-sufficient, the Soviet Union traded little in comparison to its economic strength. However, trade with noncommunist countrie...
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Politics Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of The Soviet Union - External Politics
Diplomatic relations with majority of world's nations. Main foreign policy objectives as determined by CPSU Politburo: enhance national s...
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Awards And Decorations Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Awards And Decorations Of The Soviet Union - Highest Awards
Awards and decorations of the Soviet Union - Order of Victory.
This was the highest military decoration in the Soviet Armed Forces and ...
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Economy Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The Soviet Union - Forms Of Property
There were two basic forms of property in the Soviet Union: individual property and collective property. These differed greatly in their ...
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Involuntary Settlements In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Involuntary Settlements In The Soviet Union - Exile Settlements
Exile settlements (ссыльное поселение, ssylnoye poselenie) were a kind of internal exile. The system of political and ad...
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Communist Party Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Communist Party Of The Soviet Union - History
Main article: History of the CPSU
With some exceptions, the course of the CPSU (and the history of the whole Soviet Union) was largely de...
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History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union - The Russian Revolution
During World War I, Tsarist Russia experienced famine and economic collapse. The demoralized Russian Army suffered severe military setbac...
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National Anthem Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - National Anthem Of The Soviet Union - 1977 Version
National Anthem of the Soviet Union - Russian lyrics.
1.
Союз нерушимый республик свободных
Сплот...
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Cinema Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Cinema Of The Soviet Union - Notable Filmmakers
Early personalities in the development of the Russian cinema:
Sergei Eisenstein
Vsevolod Pudovkin
Alexander Dovzhenko
Dziga Vertov
Lev K...
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National Anthem Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - National Anthem Of The Soviet Union - Anthem Of The Bolshevik Party
National Anthem of the Soviet Union - Russian.
Гимн партии большевиков (Gimn partii bol’shevikov)
Музыка ...
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Communist Party Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Communist Party Of The Soviet Union - End Of Communist Rule
The growing likelihood of the dissolution of the USSR itself led conservative elements in the CPSU to launch the August Coup in 1991 whic...
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Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1921-1938
Polish communities were inherited from Imperial Russia after the creation of the Soviet Union. After World War I, Poland became an indepe...
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Communist Party Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Communist Party Of The Soviet Union - History
Main article: History of the CPSU
With some exceptions, the course of the CPSU (and the history of the whole Soviet Union) was largely de...
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Bard Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Bard Soviet Union - Types Of Songs
Bard Soviet Union - Tourist song.
During the Brezhnev era of stagnation in the history of the Soviet Union, camping, especially its ext...
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Cinema Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Cinema Of The Soviet Union - Recent History
The collapse of the Soviet Union brought a virtual end to quality cinema (as well as literature) in Russia and the other republics.
Very ...
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Economy Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Economy Of The Soviet Union - Economic Development
Starting in 1928, the five year plans began building a heavy industrial base at once in an underdeveloped economy without waiting years f...
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Involuntary Settlements In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Involuntary Settlements In The Soviet Union - Free Settlements
Free settlements (вольное поселение, volnoye poselenie) were for persons released from the confines of labor camps "for f...
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Soviet Union At The 1972 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union At The 1972 Summer Olympics - Medals
Soviet Union at the 1972 Summer Olympics - Gold.
Valery Borsov - Athletics, men's 100 m
Valery Borsov - Athletics, men's 200 m
Yury Ta...
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Involuntary Settlements In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Involuntary Settlements In The Soviet Union - Labor Settlements
Labor settlements (трудопоселение, trudoposelenie) were a method of internal exile that used settlers for obligatory labor....
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Soviet Union At The 1980 Summer Olympics: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union At The 1980 Summer Olympics - Medals
Soviet Union at the 1980 Summer Olympics - Gold.
Keto Losaberidze — archery, women's competition
Vera Komisova — athletics, 100m h...
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Communist Party Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Communist Party Of The Soviet Union - Structure
Communist Party of the Soviet Union - VKPb.
In 1919 a Politburo was created initially with five members, to run the party on a day to d...
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Military History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of The Soviet Union - Tsarist And Revolutionary Background
The February Revolution replaced the Tsar with the Russian Provisional Government, 1917 which was itself overthrown by the Bolshevik Revo...
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Military History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of The Soviet Union - Practical Deployment Of The Soviet Military
Military history of the Soviet Union - Interwar period.
See also: Interwar period
Following the death of Lenin, the Soviet Union was en...
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History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union - The Russian Civil War
Immediately, however, supporters of the Tsarist regime broke out in revolt, resulting in years of all-out civil war, which lasted until 1...
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Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1947-1991
The Polish minority was one of the few whose numbers decreased over time, according to official statistics. They also belonged to the lea...
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Population Transfer In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer In The Soviet Union - Labor Force Transfer
Punitive transfers of population transfers handled by Gulag and the system of involuntary settlements in the Soviet Union were planned in...
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Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1921-1938
Polish communities were inherited from Imperial Russia after the creation of the Soviet Union. After World War I, Poland became an indepe...
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Military History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of The Soviet Union - Development Of The Structure Ideology And Doctrine Of The Soviet Military
Military history of the Soviet Union - Party control.
The Communist Party had a number of mechanisms of control over the country's arme...
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Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1939-1947
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied vast areas of eastern Poland (so called Kresy), and another 5.2-6.5 million Poles (from th...
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Communist Party Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Communist Party Of The Soviet Union - Structure
Communist Party of the Soviet Union - CPSU.
The governing body of the CPSU was the Party Congress which initially met annually but whos...
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Communist Party Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Communist Party Of The Soviet Union - End Of Communist Rule
The growing likelihood of the dissolution of the USSR itself led conservative elements in the CPSU to launch the August Coup in 1991 whic...
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Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1947-1991
The Polish minority was one of the few whose numbers decreased over time, according to official statistics. They also belonged to the lea...
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Union Of Councils For Soviet Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Union Of Councils For Soviet Jews - Controversies
The UCSJ is one of the organizations included in the letter signed by members of the Russian Duma which called for criminal investigation...
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Minister Of Defence Of Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Minister Of Defence Of Soviet Union - Ministry Of War Of The Ussr
Formed by division of Ministry of Armed Forces into Ministry of War and Ministry of Navy.
Minister of War:
Aleksandr Vasilevsky 25 Febru...
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Population Transfer In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer In The Soviet Union - Deportations Of Social Categories
Kulaks were the most numerous social category of deported. Resettlement of people officially designated as kulaks continued until early 1...
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Population Transfer In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Population Transfer In The Soviet Union - Transfers Of Ethnicities
The wholesale removal of potentially trouble-making ethnic groups was a technique used consistently by Joseph Stalin during his career: P...
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Minister Of Defence Of Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Minister Of Defence Of Soviet Union - Ministry Of Navy Of The Ussr
Formed by division of Ministry of Armed Forces into Ministry of War and Ministry of Navy.
Ministers of Navy:
Ivan Yumashev 25 February 1...
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History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union 1985-1991 - The Rise Of Gorbachev
Although reform in the Soviet Union stalled between 1969–1982, a generational shift gave new momentum for reform. Changing relations wi...
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Polish Minority In The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Minority In The Soviet Union - 1939-1947
During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied vast areas of eastern Poland (so called Kresy), and another 5.2-6.5 million Poles (from th...
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Minister Of Defence Of Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Minister Of Defence Of Soviet Union - Ministry Of Defence Of The Ussr
Organized by joining of Ministry of War and Ministry of Navy.
Ministers:
Nikolai Bulganin 15 March 1953 – 9 February 1955
Georgy Zhuko...
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Young Pioneer Organization Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Young Pioneer Organization Of The Soviet Union - History
After the October Revolution of 1917, some Scouts took the Bolsheviks' side, which would later lead to the establishment of ideologically...
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Young Pioneer Organization Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Young Pioneer Organization Of The Soviet Union - Awards
The Young Pioneers who excelled in academic study, work, sports or social activity were elected to the self-governing institutions, were ...
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National Anthem Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - National Anthem Of The Soviet Union - 1944 Version
The 1944 text had three different refrains following three different stanzas; in each refrain, the second line was consequently modified ...
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History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953 - The Cold War
History of the Soviet Union 1927-1953 - Soviet hegemony over Eastern Europe.
In the aftermath of World War II, the Soviet Union extende...
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Young Pioneer Organization Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Young Pioneer Organization Of The Soviet Union - Structure
Its main grouping of members until 1942 was the "Young Pioneer detachment," which then typically consisted of children belonging to the s...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Assimilation Trends
In the Tsarist Russia, assimilation, russification and conversion to the state religion of Orthodox Christianity were official policies. ...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Assimilation Trends
In the Tsarist Russia, assimilation, russification and conversion to the state religion of Orthodox Christianity were official policies. ...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Demographic Data
The official census data on Jewish population of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.[15] The number of Jews has fallen from about 2.15 ...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Demographic Data
The official census data on Jewish population of Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union.[15] The number of Jews has fallen from about 2.15 ...
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Soviet Union National Basketball Team: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union National Basketball Team - Eurobasket 1955
Through four preliminary round games and the first three final round games, the Soviets extended their winning streak to 31 games. With f...
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Soviet Union National Basketball Team: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union National Basketball Team - Eurobasket 1951
After refusing to host Eurobasket 1949 as was FIBA Europe's expectation of the Soviet Union and skipping the tournament entirely, the Sov...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Early History
Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the four...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews And Bolshevism
Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Early History
Tradition places Jews in southern Russia, Armenia, and Georgia since before the days of the First Temple, and records exist from the four...
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History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Russia And The Soviet Union - Jews And Bolshevism
Many members of the Bolshevik party were ethnically Jewish, especially in the leadership of the party, and the percentage of Jewish party...
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History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953 - Stalinist Development
History of the Soviet Union 1927-1953 - Planning.
At the fourteenth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in December 192...
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History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union 1927-1953 - The Great Purges
Main article: Great Purge.
As this process unfolded, Stalin consolidated near-absolute power using the 1934 assassination of Sergei Kirov...
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History Of The Soviet Union 1953-1985: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Soviet Union 1953-1985 - The Brezhnev Era
After 1964, CPSU First Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and Premier Aleksei Kosygin emerged as the most influential cadres in the new collective...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Politics
The government of the Soviet Union administered the country's economy and society. It implemented decisions made by the leading political...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Politics
The government of the Soviet Union administered the country's economy and society. It implemented decisions made by the leading political...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Republics
The Soviet Union was a federation of Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR). The first Republics were established shortly after the October Rev...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Foreign Relations
Once denied diplomatic recognition by the capitalist world, the Soviet Union had official relations with the majority of the nations of t...
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Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Soviet Union - Foreign Relations
Once denied diplomatic recognition by the capitalist world, the Soviet Union had official relations with the majority of the nations of t...
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