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Dictionary
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Southern Manifesto:
American History Dictionary - Southern Manifesto
Definition and meaning of Southern Manifesto:
Southern Manifesto This document signed by 101 members of Congress from south...
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Southern Manifesto: Encyclopedia Ii - Southern Manifesto - Signatories
United States Senate
John Sparkman (D-Alabama)
Lister Hill (D-Alabama)
William Fulbright (D-Arkansas)
John L. McClellan (D-Arkansas)
Geo...
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George Smathers: Encyclopedia Ii - George Smathers - Political Career
After the war, Smathers was elected to serve two terms in the United States House of Representatives, from 1947 to 1951. In 1950, he ran ...
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George Smathers: Encyclopedia Ii - George Smathers - Later Life
In 1991, Smathers gave a $20 million gift to the University of Florida library system, now known as the George A. Smathers Libraries. He ...
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Savannah College Of Art And Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Savannah College Of Art And Design - Noted Alumni And Faculty
Savannah College of Art and Design - Alumni.
Mark Brooks, Comic book artist, currently employed by Marvel Comics
Tomas Kalnoky, lead s...
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Spessard Holland: Encyclopedia Ii - Spessard Holland - As Senator
Holland was elected in 1946 to the U.S. Senate seat vacated by Charles O. Andrews. Following the death of Senator Andrews in September 19...
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Utah: Encyclopedia Ii - Utah - Education
Utah - Colleges and universities.
Brigham Young University in Provo
College of Eastern Utah in Price
Dixie State College of Utah (form...
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Encyclopedia
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August 2003: Encyclopedia - August 2003
August 2003 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December
August 2...
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Poll Tax: Encyclopedia - Poll Tax
A poll tax, head tax, soul tax, or capitation is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per individual (as opposed to a percentage of income). ...
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J. William Fulbright: Encyclopedia Ii - J. William Fulbright - Early Years
Born in Sumner, Missouri, he obtained a political science degree from the University of Arkansas in 1925. He later studied at Oxford Univ...
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Estes Kefauver: Encyclopedia Ii - Estes Kefauver - Kefauver In Congress
As a member of the House during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's term in office, Kefauver distinguished himself from the other Democrats...
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Jim Crow Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Jim Crow Law - Early History
The conclusion of the American Civil War in 1865 led to the policy of Reconstruction, in which the Republican-controlled Federal governme...
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Spessard Holland: Encyclopedia Ii - Spessard Holland - Early Life And Education
Holland was born in Bartow, Florida, the son of Benjamin Franklin and Virginia Spessard Holland, a teacher. He attended public schools, e...
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Jim Crow Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Jim Crow Law - Early History
The conclusion of the American Civil War in 1865 led to the policy of Reconstruction, in which the Republican-controlled Federal governme...
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Spessard Holland: Encyclopedia Ii - Spessard Holland - Retirement
Holland left office in January 1971. His activities were somewhat limited due to an increasingly severe heart condition, and Holland died...
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Spessard Holland: Encyclopedia Ii - Spessard Holland - Degress Honors And Affiliations
Throughout his life Holland was involved in multiple civic, fraternal, and collegiate institutions. He received several honorary degrees:...
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Brown V. Board Of Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Brown V. Board Of Education - The Decision
On 17 May 1954 the Warren Court handed down a unanimous 9-0 decision which stated, in no uncertain terms, that "separate educational faci...
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Brown V. Board Of Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Brown V. Board Of Education - Legal Criticisms
The Brown decision has not been without its critics. Notably, Justice Clarence Thomas (himself an African-American) writing in Missouri v...
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Brown V. Board Of Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Brown V. Board Of Education - The Decision
On 17 May 1954 the Warren Court handed down a unanimous 9-0 decision which stated, in no uncertain terms, that "separate educational faci...
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Encyclopedia
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Brown V. Board Of Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Brown V. Board Of Education - Legal Criticisms
The Brown decision has not been without its critics. Notably, Justice Clarence Thomas (himself an African-American) writing in Missouri v...
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Brown V. Board Of Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Brown V. Board Of Education - The Decision
On 17 May 1954 the Warren Court handed down a unanimous 9-0 decision which stated, in no uncertain terms, that "separate educational faci...
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Encyclopedia
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Brown V. Board Of Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Brown V. Board Of Education - Legal Criticism
The Brown decision has not been without its critics. Notably, Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, himself an African-American, wrote i...
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Ralph Yarborough: Encyclopedia Ii - Ralph Yarborough - Political Life
Historically, Texas has been a one party state of the Democratic Party. Democrats would win every statewide office, a majority of the con...
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Robert Penn Warren: Encyclopedia Ii - Robert Penn Warren - Career
While still an undergraduate at Vanderbilt, he became associated with the group of poets there known as the Fugitives, and somewhat later...
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Savannah College Of Art And Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Savannah College Of Art And Design - Departments
The university is divided into seven schools: the School of Building Arts, the School of Communication Arts, the School of Design, the Sc...
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Savannah College Of Art And Design: Encyclopedia Ii - Savannah College Of Art And Design - Students
Most students live off campus, which is to say outside the residence halls, since there are no formal campus grounds other than those con...
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Spessard Holland: Encyclopedia Ii - Spessard Holland - Early Political Career
After the war, Holland resumed his law practice in Bartow. This however, was short-lived, because Holland accepted an appointment as the ...
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Sam Ervin: Encyclopedia Ii - Sam Ervin - U.s. Senate Career
Ervin was serving as an associate justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court when he was appointed in June 1954 by the governor to fill ...
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Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement - 1950 - 1959
1950
June 5 - In McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents the Supreme Court ruled that a public institution of higher learning could not provi...
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Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement - 1600 - 1899
1676
unknown - Bacon's Rebellion involved some free and slave African-Americans (see also Racism in the United States).
Early 1800s
un...
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Poll Tax: Encyclopedia Ii - Poll Tax - United States
The capitation clause of Article I of the United States Constitution, requiring apportionment among the states of "direct taxes", makes i...
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Spessard Holland: Encyclopedia Ii - Spessard Holland - World War I Service
Holland qualified to be a Rhodes Scholar, and was already a junior partner with R.B. Huffaker in the Huffaker & Holland law firm, but...
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August 2003: Encyclopedia Ii - August 2003 - Events
See also:
Afghanistan timeline August 2003
California recall
Dodgy Dossier
Columbia investigation
EU enlargement
Hong Kong Basic Law
Hut...
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Estes Kefauver: Encyclopedia Ii - Estes Kefauver - The Kefauver Committee
In 1950, Kefauver headed a U.S. Senate committee investigating organized crime. The committee, officially known as the Senate Special Com...
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August 2003: Encyclopedia Ii - August 2003 - Events
See also:
Afghanistan timeline August 2003
California recall
Dodgy Dossier
Columbia investigation
EU enlargement
Hong Kong Basic Law
Hut...
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Suicide Note: Encyclopedia Ii - Suicide Note - Usefulness
The most common reasons in favor of writing a suicide note are:
Easing pain - To make the death easier for those left behind, often by e...
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Tallinn: Encyclopedia Ii - Tallinn - History
The southern coast of the Gulf of Finland is thought to have been settled by Finnic-speaking tribes already in the 2nd millennium BC.
In ...
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Republic Of New Africa: Encyclopedia Ii - Republic Of New Africa - History
The original RNA manifesto demanded the cession by the United States of the Southern states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, ...
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Sam Ervin: Encyclopedia Ii - Sam Ervin - Early Life
Ervin served first as an officer, then as an enlisted soldier in combat in France during World War I. He was awarded the Distinguished Se...
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Franklin Pierce: Encyclopedia Ii - Franklin Pierce - Presidency
Pierce served as president from March 4, 1853, to March 4, 1857. Two months before he took office, shortly after boarding a train in Bost...
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History Of Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Morocco - European Influence
The successful Portuguese efforts to control the Atlantic coast in the 15th century did not affect the Mediterranean heart of Morocco. Af...
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David Horowitz: Encyclopedia Ii - David Horowitz - Academic Bill Of Rights
Horowitz, along with some Republican leaders, has been promoting his "Academic Bill of Rights," an eight-point manifesto that seeks to el...
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Bill White Neo-nazi: Encyclopedia Ii - Bill White Neo-nazi - Move To The Right
White says that in 1997-8 he became briefly involved with the Revolutionary Communist Party's (RCP) Refuse and Resist and Coalition again...
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Tan Malaka: Encyclopedia Ii - Tan Malaka - Political Beliefs
Tan Malaka believed that the growth of communist parties was compatible with, and even essential to, the strength of the many nationalist...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Fraying Of Alliances
King reached the height of popular acclaim during his life in 1964, when he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. His career after that poin...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Memphis And The Poor People's March
Rev. James Lawson invited King to Memphis, Tennessee, in March, 1968, to support a strike by sanitation workers who had launched a campai...
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Russian History 1892-1920: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian History 1892-1920 - Imperialism In Asia And The Russo-japanese War
At the turn of the century, Russia gained room to maneuver in Asia because of its alliance with France and the growing rivalry between Br...
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Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebanese Civil War - The Plo And Regional Conflict
As a result of the Cairo Agreement in 1969, the Palestinians were legally allowed to operate as a militia within Lebanon, to fight Israel...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Fraying Of Alliances
King reached the height of popular acclaim during his life in 1964, when he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. His career after that poin...
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Encyclopedia
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African American History: Encyclopedia Ii - African American History - The Great Migration And The Harlem Renaissance
In response to these and other setbacks, in the summer of 1905, W.E.B. DuBois and 28 other prominent, African-American men met secretly a...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Memphis And The Poor People's March
Rev. James Lawson invited King to Memphis, Tennessee, in March, 1968, to support a strike by sanitation workers who had launched a campai...
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Encyclopedia
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African American History: Encyclopedia Ii - African American History - The Great Migration And The Harlem Renaissance
In response to these and other setbacks, in the summer of 1905, W.E.B. DuBois and 28 other prominent, African-American men met secretly a...
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Transhumanism: Encyclopedia Ii - Transhumanism - History Of Transhumanism
Early transhumanists met formally in the early 1980s at the University of California, Los Angeles, which became the central transhumanist...
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Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement - 1900 - 1949
1905
July 11 - First meeting of the Niagara Movement.
1909
February 12 - First National Association for the Advancement of Colored Peo...
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Russian History 1892-1920: Encyclopedia Ii - Russian History 1892-1920 - Active Balkan Policy 1906-13
Russia's earlier Far Eastern policy required holding Balkan issues in abeyance, a strategy Austria-Hungary also followed between 1897 and...
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Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement - 1970 - Present
1971
unknown - The Supreme Court, in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, upholds desegregation busing of students to achi...
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Seoul: Encyclopedia Ii - Seoul - History
See also: History of Seoul
The history of Seoul can be traced back as far as 18 BC. In that year the newly established kingdom of Baekje ...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Desegregating Little Rock
Following the Supreme Court's decision in Brown, the Little Rock, Arkansas school board voted in 1957 to integrate the school system. The...
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Politics Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Israel - Political Conditions
Golda Meir, a former Israeli Prime Minister, joked that "in Israel, there are 3 million prime ministers". Because of the proportional rep...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Desegregating Little Rock
Following the Supreme Court's decision in Brown, the Little Rock, Arkansas school board voted in 1957 to integrate the school system. The...
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Gnu General Public License: Encyclopedia Ii - Gnu General Public License - Criticism
In 2001 Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer referred to Linux as a "cancer" because of the effects of the GPL. Critics of Microsoft claim that th...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - The American Jewish Community And The Civil Rights Movement
Most of the American Jewish community tacitly or actively supported the civil rights movement. Many of the co-founders of the NAACP were ...
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Reactionary: Encyclopedia Ii - Reactionary - American Reaction
Since there never existed an American version of the absolutist monarchies in Europe, it is difficult to define the term "reactionary" in...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - The American Jewish Community And The Civil Rights Movement
Most of the American Jewish community tacitly or actively supported the civil rights movement. Many of the co-founders of the NAACP were ...
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Politics Of Israel: Encyclopedia Ii - Politics Of Israel - Political Conditions
Golda Meir, a former Israeli Prime Minister, joked that "in Israel, there are 3 million prime ministers". Because of the proportional rep...
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Jim Crow Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Jim Crow Law - Twentieth Century
The Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds in the 20th century. The Supreme Court held in Guinn v. Unite...
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Henry Winter Davis: Encyclopedia Ii - Henry Winter Davis - U.s. Congressman
Early becoming imbued with strong anti-slavery views, though by inheritance he was himself a slave holder, he began political life as a W...
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J. William Fulbright: Encyclopedia Ii - J. William Fulbright - Congressional Career
In 1942, Fulbright was elected to the United States House of Representatives, where he served one term. During this period, he became a m...
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Jim Crow Law: Encyclopedia Ii - Jim Crow Law - Twentieth Century
The Supreme Court began to overturn Jim Crow laws on constitutional grounds in the 20th century. The Supreme Court held in Guinn v. Unite...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Mississippi Freedom Summer
COFO brought more than a hundred college students, many from outside the state, to Mississippi in the summer of 1964 ("Freedom Summer") t...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Mississippi Freedom Summer
COFO brought more than a hundred college students, many from outside the state, to Mississippi in the summer of 1964 ("Freedom Summer") t...
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Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna: Encyclopedia Ii - Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna - 1971 Uprising
The leftist Sinhalese Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna drew worldwide attention when it launched an insurrection against the Bandaranaike govern...
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Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of The American Civil Rights Movement - 1960 - 1969
1960
February 1 - Four Black students sit at the Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina, sparking six months of the Gre...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Race Riots
Throughout the Civil Rights Movement, many acts were signed into legislation guaranteeing equality for Black citizens. Enforcement of the...
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African American History: Encyclopedia Ii - African American History - The Great Migration And The Harlem Renaissance
In response to these and other setbacks, in the summer of 1905, W.E.B. DuBois and 28 other prominent, African-American men met secretly a...
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Encyclopedia
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Race Riots
Throughout the Civil Rights Movement, many acts were signed into legislation guaranteeing equality for Black citizens. Enforcement of the...
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Rohana Wijeweera: Encyclopedia Ii - Rohana Wijeweera - 1971 Insurrection
The leftist Sinhalese Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna drew worldwide attention when it launched an insurrection against the Bandaranaike govern...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Black Power
At the same time King was finding himself at odds with factions of the Democratic Party, he was facing challenges from within the Civil R...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Black Power
At the same time King was finding himself at odds with factions of the Democratic Party, he was facing challenges from within the Civil R...
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Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebanese Civil War - Background To The War
Lebanese Civil War - Colonial roots.
Lebanon in its modern borders was established in 1920, as a French mandate granted by the League o...
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Salt Lake City Utah: Encyclopedia Ii - Salt Lake City Utah - Transportation
Salt Lake City has four major freeways. Interstate 15 runs north-south; Interstate 80 runs east-west; Utah State Route 201 (the 2100 Sout...
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Salt Lake City Utah: Encyclopedia Ii - Salt Lake City Utah - Transportation
Salt Lake City has four major freeways. Interstate 15 runs north-south; Interstate 80 runs east-west; Utah State Route 201 (the 2100 Sout...
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Insurrection 1987-89: Encyclopedia Ii - Insurrection 1987-89 - Background History
Insurrection 1987-89 - 1971 Youth uprising in Sri Lanka.
The leftist Sinhalese Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna drew worldwide attention when ...
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Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebanese Civil War - Second Phase Of The War 1977-82
Lebanese Civil War - Israel intervenes in South Lebanon 1978.
Israel Defense Forces entered South Lebanon with the declared purpose "t...
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Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebanese Civil War - First Phase Of The War 1975-77
Lebanese Civil War - Sectarian violence and civilian massacres.
Throughout the Spring of 1975, minor clashes had been building up towar...
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Salt Lake City Utah: Encyclopedia Ii - Salt Lake City Utah - Culture
Salt Lake City Utah - Arts.
The Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Utah Museum of Natural History, and the Museum of Church History and Art are ...
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Morocco: Encyclopedia Ii - Morocco - History
The area of modern Morocco has been inhabited since Neolithic times, at least 8000 BC, as attested by signs of the Capsian culture, in a ...
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Tan Malaka: Encyclopedia Ii - Tan Malaka - Biography
Tan Malaka - Early life and education.
A member of the Minangkabau ethnic group, Tan Malaka was born in Suliki, West Sumatra in 1896 or...
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Lebanese Civil War: Encyclopedia Ii - Lebanese Civil War - Formation Of Militias
Constitutionally guaranteed Christian control of the government had come under increasing fire from Muslims and secular left wing groups ...
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Salt Lake City Utah: Encyclopedia Ii - Salt Lake City Utah - Culture
Salt Lake City Utah - Arts.
The Utah Museum of Fine Arts, Utah Museum of Natural History, and the Museum of Church History and Art are ...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Background
The United States Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954) was a key turning point in United States h...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - The March On Washington
A. Philip Randolph had planned a March on Washington in 1941 in support of demands for elimination of employment discrimination in defens...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - The Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
COFO had held a Freedom Vote in Mississippi in 1963 to demonstrate the desire of black Mississippians to vote. More than 90,000 people vo...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - The Birmingham Campaign
The Albany movement proved to be an important education for the SCLC, however, when it undertook the Birmingham campaign in 1963. The cam...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Selma And The Voting Rights Act
SNCC had undertaken an ambitious voter registration program in Selma, Alabama, in 1965, but made little headway in the face of opposition...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - The Murder Of Emmett Till
Murders of African-Americans at the hands of whites were still common in the 1950s and still unpunished in large areas of the South. The ...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Mass Action Replaces Litigation
Up through 1955 the civil rights movement in the South had largely been fought in courtrooms: while the NAACP had chapters throughout the...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Sit-ins And Freedom Rides
The Civil Rights Movement received an infusion of energy when students in Greensboro, North Carolina, Nashville, Tennessee and Atlanta, G...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - Organizing In Mississippi
In 1962 Robert Moses, SNCC's representative in Mississippi, brought together the civil rights organizations in the state—SNCC, the NAAC...
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American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968: Encyclopedia Ii - American Civil Rights Movement 1955-1968 - The Albany Movement
The SCLC, which had been criticized along with other mainstream civil rights organizations by some student activists for its failure to p...
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