Particle velocity is the velocity v of a particle (real or imagined) in a medium as it transmits a wave. In many cases this is a longitudinal wave of pressure as with sound, but it can also be a transverse wave as with the vibration of a taut string. When applied to a sound wave through a medium of air, particle velocity would be the physical speed of an air molecule as it moves back and forth in ...

Including:

Particle velocity - Equations in terms of other measurements

Read more here: » Particle velocity: Encyclopedia - Particle velocity

Including:

Sound - Attributes of sound
Sound - Frequency and wavelength Sound - Amplitude Sound - Velocity
Sound - Types of sounds Sound - Perception of sound
Sound - Sound measurement

Read more here: » Sound: Encyclopedia - Sound

The characteristics of sound are frequency, wavelength, amplitude and velocity. Sound - Frequency and wavelength. The frequency is the number of air pressure oscillations per second at a fixed point occupied by a sound wave. One single oscillatory cycle per second corresponds to 1 Hz. The wavelength is the distance between two successive crests and is the distance that a wave ...

See also:

Sound, Sound - Attributes of sound, Sound - Frequency and wavelength, Sound - Amplitude, Sound - Velocity, Sound - Types of sounds, Sound - Perception of sound, Sound - Sound measurement

Read more here: » Sound: Encyclopedia II - Sound - Attributes of sound

Velocity of Propagation (VoP) or velocity factor is a parameter that characterizes the speed at which an electrical or radio signal passes through a medium. Expressed as a percentage, it is the ratio of a signal's transmission speed compared to the speed of light or the speed of sound. Thus, transmission in a vacuum would have a VoP of 100. VoP equals the reciprocal of the square root of the dielect ...

Including:

Velocity of propagation - Typical velocity factors

Read more here: » Velocity of propagation: Encyclopedia - Velocity of propagation

The acoustic impedance Z (or sound impedance) is the ratio of sound pressure p to particle velocity v in a medium or acoustic component. Distinction has to be made between: the characteristic acoustic impedance Z0 of a medium, usually air (compare with characteristic impedance in transmission lines). the impedance Z of an acoustic component, like a wave conductor, a resonance chamber, a muffler or ...

Including:

Acoustic impedance - Characteristic impedance Acoustic impedance - Impedance of acoustic components

Read more here: » Acoustic impedance: Encyclopedia - Acoustic impedance

A spinal adjustment is the method of choice for treatment of musculoskeletal conditions by chiropractors. Commonly referred to as an "adjustment," this chiropractic treatment is defined as a high velocity, low amplitude thrust used to restore proper function to a joint. This is often associated with a loud audible popping sound that results from nitrogen gas being released from the synovial fluid found in diarthrodial joints. When an adjustment is performed by a chiropractor, the force applied separates the joint surfaces of th ...

Read more here: » Spinal adjustment: Encyclopedia - Spinal adjustment

A wheeze is a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing. For wheezes to occur, some part of the respiratory tree must be narrowed or obstructed, or airflow velocity within the respiratory tree must be heightened. Wheezing is commonly experienced by persons with a lung disease; the most common cause of recurrent wheezing is asthma, a form of reactive airway disease. The differential diagnosis of wheezing is wide, and the cause of wheezing in a given patient is determined by consider ...

Including:

Wheeze - The causes of wheezing Wheeze - Characteristics

Read more here: » Wheeze: Encyclopedia - Wheeze

Sonic or thermoacoustic refrigeration is a technology that uses high-amplitude sound waves in a pressurised gas to pump heat from one place to another. Thermoacoustic refrigeration - Operation. This type of refrigerator has no ozone-depleting or toxic coolant and has few moving parts. A device consisting of a series of small parallel channels, referred to as a ‘stack’, is fixed in place at a set location inside the tube. In a standing wave thermoacoustic engine, the pressure and velocity fluctuat ...

Including:

Thermoacoustic refrigeration - Operation Thermoacoustic refrigeration - Efficiency

Read more here: » Thermoacoustic refrigeration: Encyclopedia - Thermoacoustic refrigeration

High explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds are made of an explosive shaped charge that uses the Neumann effect (a development of the Munroe effect) to create a very high-velocity jet of metal in a state of superplasticity that can punch through solid armor. The jet moves at hypersonic speeds (up to 25 times the speed of sound) in solid material and therefore erodes exclusively in the contact area of jet and armor material. Spacing is critical, as the jet disintegrates and disperses after a relatively short distance, usually ...

Including:

High explosive anti-tank - History High explosive anti-tank - Armor developments in response to HEAT rounds High explosive anti-tank - Variations

Read more here: » High explosive anti-tank: Encyclopedia - High explosive anti-tank

A gramophone record, (also vinyl record, phonograph record, LP record, or simply record) is an analogue sound recording medium: a flat disc rotating at a constant angular velocity, with inscribed spiral grooves in which a stylus or needle rides. Analogue audio recording onto a disc was the main technology used for the storing of recorded sound for most of the 20th century. The record, in one format or another, was the dominant musical format for 70 years. It overtook the phonograph cylinder in the fi ...

Including:

Gramophone record - Basics
Gramophone record - Common formats Gramophone record - Less common formats Gramophone record - Structure of a typical record
Gramophone record - Early history of the medium Gramophone record - History of the materials Gramophone record - History of the speeds Gramophone record - Progress and the War of the Speeds Gramophone record - Stereo and beyond Gramophone record - Other developments Gramophone record - The record mastering and pressing process
Gramophone record - Recording the disc Gramophone record - Mass producing records
Gramophone record - Packaging and Distribution Gramophone record - Record Labels Gramophone record - Disc limitations Gramophone record - Recording medium comparison Gramophone record - Beyond the 1990s: Records versus the digital media
Gramophone record - Arguments about sound fidelity Gramophone record - Disc jockeys
Gramophone record - Making your own records
Gramophone record - Studios Gramophone record - Personal recording devices
Gramophone record - Preservation of disc recordings

Read more here: » Gramophone record: Encyclopedia - Gramophone record

The acoustic impedance Z of an acoustic component (in Pa·s/m) is the ratio of sound pressure p to particle velocity v at a transition with a previous component: p = sound pressure in N/m2 = Pa = pascal v = particle velocity in m/s I = sound intensity in W/m2 ...

See also:

Acoustic impedance, Acoustic impedance - Characteristic impedance, Acoustic impedance - Impedance of acoustic components

Read more here: » Acoustic impedance: Encyclopedia II - Acoustic impedance - Impedance of acoustic components

Passive sonar listens without transmitting. It is usually employed in military settings, although a few are used in science applications. Sonar - Speed of sound. Sonar operation is affected by sound velocity. Sound velocity is much slower in fresh water than in sea water. In all water sound velocity is affected by density (or the mass per unit of volume). Density is affected by temperature, dissolved molecules (usually salinity), and pressure. The speed of sound (in feet per second) is approximately equal ...

See also:

Sonar, Sonar - History, Sonar - Active sonar, Sonar - Analysis of active sonar data, Sonar - Sonar and marine animals, Sonar - Passive sonar, Sonar - Speed of sound, Sonar - Identifying sound sources, Sonar - Noise, Sonar - Sonar in warfare, Sonar - Notes

Read more here: » Sonar: Encyclopedia II - Sonar - Passive sonar

The characteristic impedance of a medium (usually air, but also for instance exhaust gases in a muffler) is the ratio of sound pressure p to particle velocity v in open field (i.e. in a condition of no reflecting waves). This impedance is a material constant and equals the product of the density of air ρ (rho) and the speed of sound c: ρ (rho) = density of air in kg/m3 c = speed of sound (acoustic wave velocity) in m/s Note: Z0 is expressed in Pa·s/m. Before the pascal was intro ...

See also:

Acoustic impedance, Acoustic impedance - Characteristic impedance, Acoustic impedance - Impedance of acoustic components

Read more here: » Acoustic impedance: Encyclopedia II - Acoustic impedance - Characteristic impedance

Passive sonar listens without transmitting. It is usually employed in military settings, although a few are used in science applications. Sonar - Speed of sound. Sonar operation is affected by sound speed. Sound speed is slower in fresh water than in sea water. In all water sound velocity is affected by density (or the mass per unit of volume). Density is affected by temperature, dissolved molecules (usually salinity), and pressure. The speed of sound (in feet per second) is approximately equal to 4388 + ( ...

See also:

Sonar, Sonar - History, Sonar - Active sonar, Sonar - Analysis of active sonar data, Sonar - Sonar and marine animals, Sonar - Passive sonar, Sonar - Speed of sound, Sonar - Identifying sound sources, Sonar - Noise, Sonar - Sonar in warfare, Sonar - Notes

Read more here: » Sonar: Encyclopedia II - Sonar - Passive sonar

Examples of non-electromagnetic longitudinal waves include sound waves (alternation in pressure, particle displacement, or particle velocity propagated in an elastic material) and seismic P-waves (created by earthquakes and explosions). do not trust this article my brother Longitudinal wave - Sound waves. In the case of longitudinal harmonic sound waves, the frequency and wavelengt ...

See also:

Longitudinal wave, Longitudinal wave - Non-electromagnetic, Longitudinal wave - Sound waves, Longitudinal wave - Pressure waves, Longitudinal wave - Electromagnetic waves and plasma, Longitudinal wave - Further readings, Longitudinal wave - External articles

Read more here: » Longitudinal wave: Encyclopedia II - Longitudinal wave - Non-electromagnetic

Since the mass of atomic nuclei are far greater than the mass of those electrons orbiting them (by a factor of about 2000), for a given energy, the electrons move much faster than the nuclei. To get an idea of what kinds of numbers we are talking, it is instructive to note that a typical electron velocity is about 106ms − 1 (the Fermi velocity), while those of nuclei are about 103ms − 1 (the speed of sound). T ...

See also:

Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Born-Oppenheimer approximation - Hand-waving derivation of the approximation, Born-Oppenheimer approximation - Beyond the Born-Oppenheimer Approximation

Read more here: » Born-Oppenheimer approximation: Encyclopedia II - Born-Oppenheimer approximation - Hand-waving derivation of the approximation

A sample-based synthesizer's ability to reproduce the nuances of natural instruments is determined primarily by its library of sampled sounds. In the earlier days of sample-based synthesis, computer memory was expensive and samples had to be as short and as few as possible. This was achieved by looping a part of the sample (often a single wave), and then using a volume envelope curve to make the sound fade away. An amplifying stage would translate key velocity into gain so that harder playing would translate into louder playback. In some cases key velocity also modulate the attack time of the i ...

See also:

Sample-based synthesis, Sample-based synthesis - Advantages of sample-based synthesis, Sample-based synthesis - Multisampling, Sample-based synthesis - History, Sample-based synthesis - Sampling synthesizers

Read more here: » Sample-based synthesis: Encyclopedia II - Sample-based synthesis - Multisampling

Examples of non-electromagnetic longitudinal waves include sound waves (alternation in pressure, particle displacement, or particle velocity propagated in an elastic material) and seismic P-waves (created by earthquakes and explosions). Longitudinal wave - Sound waves. In the case of longitudinal harmonic sound waves, the frequency and wavelength can be described with the equation where: y(x,t) is the displacement of particles from the stable po ...

See also:

Longitudinal wave, Longitudinal wave - Non-electromagnetic, Longitudinal wave - Sound waves, Longitudinal wave - Pressure waves, Longitudinal wave - Electromagnetic waves and plasma, Longitudinal wave - Further readings, Longitudinal wave - External articles

Read more here: » Longitudinal wave: Encyclopedia II - Longitudinal wave - Non-electromagnetic

The shape most commonly used for the liner is a cone, with an internal apex angle of 40 to 90 degrees. Different apex angles yield different distributions of jet mass and velocity. Small apex angles can result in jet bifurcation, or even in the failure of the jet to form at all; this is attributed to the collapse velocity being above a certain threshold, normally slightly higher than the liner material's bulk sound speed. Other widely used shapes include hemispheres, tulips, trumpets, ellipses, and bi-conics; the various shapes yield jets with ...

See also:

Shaped charge, Shaped charge - The liner, Shaped charge - The explosive, Shaped charge - Linear shaped charges, Shaped charge - Self-Forging Fragment, Shaped charge - Explosive lenses

Read more here: » Shaped charge: Encyclopedia II - Shaped charge - The liner

Robert Schneider - The Apples in Stereo. Albums Fun Trick Noisemaker (1995) Tone Soul Evolution (1997) Her Wallpaper Reverie (1999) The Discovery Of A World Inside The Moone (2000) Velocity of Sound (2002) EP's / Singles Apples (1993) Hypnotic Suggestion (1994) Look Away (2000) Everybody Let Up (2000) The Bird That You Ca ...

See also:

Robert Schneider, Robert Schneider - Perfoming Discography, Robert Schneider - The Apples in Stereo, Robert Schneider - Marbles, Robert Schneider - Ulysses, Robert Schneider - Orchestre Fantastique, Robert Schneider - Producing Discography

Read more here: » Robert Schneider: Encyclopedia II - Robert Schneider - Perfoming Discography