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Social Studies Terms - V | A Wisdom Archive on Social Studies Terms - V | | Social Studies Terms - V A selection of articles related to Social Studies Terms - V | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Social Studies Terms - V | |
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Social Studies Dictionary - Vietnam
Definition and meaning of Vietnam Vietnam - [Social Studies] Vietnam is a long, narrow country in southeast Asia with a spine of hills and a large river delta, the Mekong, one of the richest areas of rice production in the world. The Vietnamese sought to maintain their independence despite centuries of Chinese and French occupation. During World War II, Japan seized the country from the French but in 1941, communist leader Ho Chi Minh organized the independence movement. The United States supported Ho Chi Minh's opposition to Japan and he, in turn, expected support in independence. Instead, the United States, concerned about the communist threat in Vietnam, agreed to support Vietnam's return to France. The French Indochina War lasted from 1946-1954. Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel with Ho Chi Minh designated as leader of North Vietnam with Hanoi as its capital. Saigon was capital of non-communist South Vietnam. The south was led by Ngo Donh Diem, a corrupt politician who manipulated voting and repressed nonconformists to retain power. President Dwight D. Eisenhower supported Diem from 1954 to 1960. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy increased aid to South Vietnam in opposition to the Vietcong, communists who opposed Diem. In August 1964 U.S. Navy ships, cooperating with South Vietnamese gunboats, exchanged fire with North Vietnamese in the Tonkin Gulf. Particulars remain unclear, but Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution which empowered President Lyndon B. Johnson to direct military support to Southeast Asia. He first ordered American troops to land in 1965 following a Viet Cong raid on an American air base. By the end of 1965, 184,000 Americans troops were involved. Throughout the conflict, foreign policy officials presented the issue as an effort to protect the non-communist south from the communist north. In reality, most problems arose from confrontations between the Viet Cong and Diem supporters in South Vietnam. As more American tax dollars and troops were expended on the military offensive, and as the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese countered every escalation with more manpower and guerrilla tactics, public support waned. The Vietnam War continued through January 1973. It was the longest military engagement in U.S. history and the United States' first defeat. (Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University ) Also see these pages: Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap
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| | | | Social Studies Terms - V:
Social Studies Dictionary - Vietnam Definition and meaning of Vietnam Vietnam - [Social Studies] Vietnam is a long, narrow country in southeast Asia with a spine of hills and a large river delta, the Mekong, one of the richest areas of rice production in the world. The Vietnamese sought to maintain their independence despite centuries of Chinese and French occupation. During World War II, Japan seized the country from the French but in 1941, communist leader Ho Chi Minh organized the independence movement. The United States supported Ho Chi Minh's opposition to Japan and he, in turn, expected support in independence. Instead, the United States, concerned about the communist threat in Vietnam, agreed to support Vietnam's return to France. The French Indochina War lasted from 1946-1954. Vietnam was divided at the 17th parallel with Ho Chi Minh designated as leader of North Vietnam with Hanoi as its capital. Saigon was capital of non-communist South Vietnam. The south was led by Ngo Donh Diem, a corrupt politician who manipulated voting and repressed nonconformists to retain power. President Dwight D. Eisenhower supported Diem from 1954 to 1960. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy increased aid to South Vietnam in opposition to the Vietcong, communists who opposed Diem. In August 1964 U.S. Navy ships, cooperating with South Vietnamese gunboats, exchanged fire with North Vietnamese in the Tonkin Gulf. Particulars remain unclear, but Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution which empowered President Lyndon B. Johnson to direct military support to Southeast Asia. He first ordered American troops to land in 1965 following a Viet Cong raid on an American air base. By the end of 1965, 184,000 Americans troops were involved. Throughout the conflict, foreign policy officials presented the issue as an effort to protect the non-communist south from the communist north. In reality, most problems arose from confrontations between the Viet Cong and Diem supporters in South Vietnam. As more American tax dollars and troops were expended on the military offensive, and as the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese countered every escalation with more manpower and guerrilla tactics, public support waned. The Vietnam War continued through January 1973. It was the longest military engagement in U.S. history and the United States' first defeat. (Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University ) Also see these pages: Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap
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Social Studies Dictionary - Reynolds v. Sims Definition and meaning of Reynolds v. Sims Reynolds v. Sims - [Social Studies] In the early 1960s President John F. Kennedy sought to balance the representation of rural and urban areas in the U.S. House of Representatives by gaining judicial support to reorganize voting districts. Some districts with a few thousand residents had representation equal to cities with hundreds of thousands of residents. Attorney General Robert Kennedy was influential in bringing two cases before the Supreme Court, Baker v. Carr (1962) and Reynolds v. Sims (1964). In landmark decisions, the Supreme Court ruled that the national House of Representatives and all state and local legislative bodies had to be apportioned on a "one-man to one-vote" principle, further supporting equal representation in American government. (Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University ) Also see these pages: Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap
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Social Studies Dictionary - Schenck v. United States Definition and meaning of Schenck v. United States Schenck v. United States - [Government] The right to free speech is often weighed against the need to protect society. During World War I, Charles Schenck was convicted of distributing flyers urging public obstruction of the war effort. He argued that the 1st Amendment protected his right to speak out. In the decision Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court upheld his conviction and applied the "clear and present danger test" to measure when the 1st Amendment no longer protected free speech. Chief Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote the majority opinion, saying that "The question in every case is whether the words are used in such circumstances and are of such a nature as to create a clear and present danger that they will bring about the substantive evils that Congress has a right to prevent." (Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University ) Also see these pages: Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap
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