Definition and meaning of Humanism

Humanism - [Psychology]

Humanistic psychology is an approach which stresses the uniqueness of the individual. Humanists concentrate on the value, dignity, and worth of each person and they study how people realize their unique potential through personal responsibility, freedom of choice, and authentic relationships. Following are two approaches to humanist therapy. Person-centered therapists assume that the client/patient is capable and good but that many people measure themselves against the standards of others. Person-centered therapists help clients "find themselves" which helps the client reach their full potential without depending on outside motivation. Existential therapy helps individuals come to terms with their independence and isolation in the world, and helps them accept responsibility for their lives.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Hydrosphere

Hydrosphere - [World Geography]

The hydrosphere is the water realm of Earth. It includes water contained in oceans, lakes, rivers, ground water, glaciers, and as vapor in the atmosphere.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Hinduism

Hinduism - [World History]

Hinduism evolved from an ancient Aryan religion and blended the beliefs of peoples conquered by the Aryans. It is a religion and philosophy based on one supreme force, Brahma, and other gods including Vishnu and Shiva. Brahma created the world, Vishnu preserves it and Shiva is the destructive force. Each individual has a soul which forms part of the universal soul, atman. Hindus strive to free their soul from its individual existence so it can unite with atman. This takes more than one lifetime, and reincarnation continues until the soul is freed. Hinduism is practiced primarily in India today although a form exists on the Indonesian island of Bali.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Holiday

Holiday(s)

A holiday is a day when one is free from work or school. Legal holidays at the state or national level pay respect to the accomplishments of historical figures (Martin Luther King or Presidents George Washington and Abraham Lincoln) or to groups of people (Memorial Day, Veteran's Day, and Labor Day). Holidays also commemorate significant events (Fourth of July, Texas Independence, and Juneteenth). These are secular holidays as distinct from religious holidays or holy days, examples of which include Christmas, Hanukkah, and Passover. Thanksgiving is a legal holiday recognized by the U.S. government as the official day to give thanks for the good things in life.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Holocaust

Holocaust - [World History]

The Holocaust was a methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of undesirables from German society. The Nazis first murdered non-conformists, political prisoners, homosexuals, the physically and mentally disabled, and non-Aryans (those who could not document a pure German ancestry). After a majority of these people were exterminated in gas vans, Hitler's focus turned toward "the final solution of the Jewish question." His anti-Semitism was rabid and it resultedsansthe execution of millions of Jews throughout Europe. Mass murder began in the Ukraine at Babi Yar but the system of digging mass graves was too slow and German soldiers protested too much. Instead the Nazis developed concentration camps to hold the prisoners, gas chambers to murder them, and ovens to cremate the bodies. Reports of the atrocities failed to inspire any country to oppose the heinous crimes. Not until the Allied troops marched into Germany in 1945 was the extent of the Holocaust confirmed.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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The mainstay of treatment for obesity is an energy-limited diet and increased exercise. Although adherence to this regimen can cure obesity, many patients are unable to make the required sacrifices. In fact there are no studies showing that an energy restricted diet can lead to long term weight loss. It appears that the homeostatic mechanisms regulating body weight are very robust, thus impeding weight loss when attempted using calorie restriction. Recent scientific research has cast some doubt over whether or not dieting actually improves h ...

See also:

Obesity, Obesity - Definition, Obesity - Etymology, Obesity - Cultural and social significance, Obesity - Culture and obesity, Obesity - Popular culture, Obesity - Causes, Obesity - Causative factors, Obesity - Evolutionary aspects, Obesity - Neurobiological mechanisms, Obesity - Societal causes, Obesity - Poverty link, Obesity - Complications, Obesity - Therapy, Obesity - Controversies, Obesity - Medicalization of obesity, Obesity - Health effects of obesity, Obesity - Medical responses to obesity, Obesity - Prevalence and public interest, Obesity - Policy responses to obesity

Read more here: » Obesity: Encyclopedia II - Obesity - Therapy

Bahá'ís believe in a process of progressive revelation recognising the major religions' founders including Adam, Noah, Zoroaster (Zarathustra), Krishna, Abraham, Moses, Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad. Like Muslims, Bahá'ís interpret religious history in terms of a series of prophetic dispensations. Each prophet, or Manifestation, brings a somewhat broader and more advanced revelation for the time and place it appeared in. Unlike contemporary Muslims, Bahá'ís do not believe that this process of progressive revelation has an e ...

See also:

Bahá'í Faith, Bahá'í Faith - Relation to other religions, Bahá'í Faith - Distinction, Bahá'í Faith - Persecution, Bahá'í Faith - The Covenant, Bahá'í Faith - Demographics, Bahá'í Faith - Teachings, Bahá'í Faith - Summary, Bahá'í Faith - Social principles, Bahá'í Faith - Mystical teachings, Bahá'í Faith - Study and worship, Bahá'í Faith - History, Bahá'í Faith - The Báb, Bahá'í Faith - Bahá'u'lláh, Bahá'í Faith - `Abdu'l-Bahá, Bahá'í Faith - Bahá'í administration, Bahá'í Faith - Current plans and focus, Bahá'í Faith - Laws, Bahá'í Faith - Places of worship, Bahá'í Faith - Calendar, Bahá'í Faith - Symbols, Bahá'í Faith - Involvement in society

Read more here: » Bahá'í Faith: Encyclopedia II - Bahá'í Faith - Relation to other religions

Definition and meaning of Holocaust

Holocaust - [World History]

The Holocaust was a methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of undesirables from German society. The Nazis first murdered non-conformists, political prisoners, homosexuals, the physically and mentally disabled, and non-Aryans (those who could not document a pure German ancestry). After a majority of these people were exterminated in gas vans, Hitler's focus turned toward "the final solution of the Jewish question." His anti-Semitism was rabid and it resultedsansthe execution of millions of Jews throughout Europe. Mass murder began in the Ukraine at Babi Yar but the system of digging mass graves was too slow and German soldiers protested too much. Instead the Nazis developed concentration camps to hold the prisoners, gas chambers to murder them, and ovens to cremate the bodies. Reports of the atrocities failed to inspire any country to oppose the heinous crimes. Not until the Allied troops marched into Germany in 1945 was the extent of the Holocaust confirmed.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Humanism

Humanism - [Psychology]

Humanistic psychology is an approach which stresses the uniqueness of the individual. Humanists concentrate on the value, dignity, and worth of each person and they study how people realize their unique potential through personal responsibility, freedom of choice, and authentic relationships. Following are two approaches to humanist therapy. Person-centered therapists assume that the client/patient is capable and good but that many people measure themselves against the standards of others. Person-centered therapists help clients "find themselves" which helps the client reach their full potential without depending on outside motivation. Existential therapy helps individuals come to terms with their independence and isolation in the world, and helps them accept responsibility for their lives.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Hydrosphere

Hydrosphere - [World Geography]

The hydrosphere is the water realm of Earth. It includes water contained in oceans, lakes, rivers, ground water, glaciers, and as vapor in the atmosphere.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Hinduism

Hinduism - [World History]

Hinduism evolved from an ancient Aryan religion and blended the beliefs of peoples conquered by the Aryans. It is a religion and philosophy based on one supreme force, Brahma, and other gods including Vishnu and Shiva. Brahma created the world, Vishnu preserves it and Shiva is the destructive force. Each individual has a soul which forms part of the universal soul, atman. Hindus strive to free their soul from its individual existence so it can unite with atman. This takes more than one lifetime, and reincarnation continues until the soul is freed. Hinduism is practiced primarily in India today although a form exists on the Indonesian island of Bali.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Human-Environment Interaction

Human-Environment Interaction - [World Geography]

[Interrelationships Among Physical and Human Processes] Humans depend upon the environment, modify it, adapt to it--in short, they interact with it. Humans have transformed the environment and adjusted to it, creating many different places on Earth. Humans affect the environment and the environment affects humans. In order to understand our world it is vital to understand not only its people but also the environments which sustain them. Most contemporary human-induced environmental changes have not been planned or intended. Many of the effects humans have on the environment are not anticipated. Some are not even felt in the places in which they originate. Rather, they appear in other locations, often places that are environmentally vulnerable. Consider the chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)-ozone-polar connection. Mid-latitude CFC use has weakened the ozone layer most at the Poles. The greatest effects are felt at high latitudes. Geography helps students to understand that the world is a single environmental system affected by its inhabitants. It helps them to understand the truth of the slogan "Act Locally, Think Globally." World solutions are required to address world problems such as ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, and climate change. Geography is the one discipline that bridges the physical and social sciences and can help students, and the public at large, understand the processes which transform our planet. Geographers see it this way: "...humankind is dependent upon an earth incapable of supporting infinite demands and capable both of being improved and of being damaged by the way in which it is used" (W.B. Meyer and B.L. Turner 1996, 139). The ways people interact with the environment depend upon three factors: the nature of the environment; the culture and values of the human group; and their level of technology.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Holiday

Holiday(s)

A holiday is a day when one is free from work or school. Legal holidays at the state or national level pay respect to the accomplishments of historical figures (Martin Luther King or Presidents George Washington and Abraham Lincoln) or to groups of people (Memorial Day, Veteran's Day, and Labor Day). Holidays also commemorate significant events (Fourth of July, Texas Independence, and Juneteenth). These are secular holidays as distinct from religious holidays or holy days, examples of which include Christmas, Hanukkah, and Passover. Thanksgiving is a legal holiday recognized by the U.S. government as the official day to give thanks for the good things in life.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Definition and meaning of Historical Figures

Historical Figures

People associated with past happenings who achieve some notability are historical figures.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Human and Physical Characteristics

Human and Physical Characteristics - [World Geography]

The physical characteristics of Earth include climate, landforms, soils, hydrology, vegetation, and animal life. The human characteristics include language, religion, political systems, economic systems, population distribution, and quality of life.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Human Characteristics of Places

Human Characteristics of Places

Human characteristics of places include the types of houses people build, the ways they earn a living, the games children play, the languages people speak, their religious beliefs, their ethnicity, the daily schedules they follow, the foods they eat, and how they govern themselves.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Human Migration

Human Migration

Human migration is the process of people moving from one place and relocating to another place intending to stay permanently or at least for a long period of time. Pull factors draw migrants from their original location. These include social, economic, and environmental attractions such as higher standards of living, better soil, peaceful relationships between culture groups, or warm weather. Push factors drive people from their original location, causing them to seek new ones. These include social, economic, and environmental forces such as war, depression, and cold weather.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Human Motivation

Human Motivation - [Sociology]

Humans are motivated by both physical needs and personal goals. The physical needs are driven by physiological factors and the personal goals are often influenced by society. Biology motivates animals to search for food or water. Society and biology motivate humans. Thus, people are influenced by both animal and human motivation. Social motives are often learned from interactions with people. Students hoping to attend college are more motivated to get good grades than are students who do not consider a college education as a part of their future. People who work hard are motivated by desires to excel, earn money, or gain praise.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Human Rights

Human Rights - [World History]

Human rights include inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, as well as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. In the United States, these and other human rights are protected in the Bill of Rights. All countries do not honor human rights, however. When threatened by public unrest, some governments punish or murder anyone who expresses opposing viewpoints, or threatens the existing system. Dictators usually suppress human rights. Gross abuses occurred in Nazi Germany when Adolf Hitler ordered the mass extermination of millions including the disabled, homosexuals, and Jews. In Cambodia following the Vietnam War, the communist Khmer Rouge murdered millions; similar massacres occurred in other countries affected by military or terrorist rule. In 1975, thirty-five countries met in Helsinki and pledged to honor human rights. This is known as the Helsinki Agreement.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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Definition and meaning of Hammurabi's Code

Hammurabi's Code - [World History]

Hammurabi's Code is the legal code of King Hammurabi (1792 B.C.-1750 B.C.) of Mesopotamia. The code was not the first enacted in the ancient civilization, but its influence is obvious in Hebrew and Islam laws today, and in the U.S. judiciary system. Hammurabi claimed that he had divine authority to establish law and justice in his land to promote the welfare of the people. His law was severe but just because Hammurabi believed he had the obligation to govern the Mesopotamians so they could live in harmony. The code specified crimes and punishments which fit the crimes to ensure uniformity and to help judges impose penalties. The saying "An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" was a part of Hammurabi's Code and of the Hebrew Mosaic. Yet the punishment depended upon class. Aristocrats were not treated as harshly as commoners, and commoners were treated less harshly than slaves. While an aristocrat might pay a fine for damages to a commoner, a commoner could ask for exact punishment to fit the crime committed on him by another commoner. A judicial system tried cases. People represented themselves and had to prove the crime using documentation and witnesses. If someone accused another of murder and failed to convince the justice system of the crime, the accuser was put to death. Government officials, merchants, and businessmen were all to keep the best interests of the citizens in mind. The ultimate aim of Hammurabi's Code was to punish the criminal. 

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

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