Changes in life style, such as shift work change (SWC), can contribute to sleep disorders. Other problems that can affect sleep: Back problems Neck problems Sciatica Incontinence Various drugs - Many drugs can affect the ratio of the various stages of sleep, thus affecting the overall quality of sleep. Poor sleep can lead to accumulation of Sleep debt. A sleep diary can be used to help diagnose, and measure improvements in sleep disorders. According to Dr. William Dement, of the Stanford Sleep Center, anyone who snores ...

See also:

Sleep disorder, Sleep disorder - Common sleep disorders, Sleep disorder - Broad classifications of sleep disorders, Sleep disorder - Common causes of sleep disorders

Read more here: » Sleep disorder: Encyclopedia II - Sleep disorder - Common causes of sleep disorders

See also:

Sleep, Sleep - Sleep physiology, Sleep - Methodology, Sleep - Sleep regulation, Sleep - Stages of sleep, Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep, Sleep - Dreaming, Sleep - Sleep deprivation, Sleep - Sleep disorders, Sleep - Animal sleep, Sleep - Approaches to sleeping better, Sleep - Drugs and sleep, Sleep - Sleep aiding, Sleep - Stimulant drugs

Read more here: » Sleep: Encyclopedia II - Sleep - Sleep disorders

DSM-IV Codes - Primary Sleep Disorders. 307.44 Primary Hypersomnia 307.42 Primary Insomnia 347 Narcolepsy 780.59 Breathing-Related Sleep Disorder 307.45 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder 307.47 Dyssomnia NOS DSM-IV Codes - Parasomnias. 307.47 Nightmare Disorder 307.46 Sleep Terror Disorder 307.46 Sleepwalkin ...

See also:

DSM-IV Codes, DSM-IV Codes - Disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy childhood or adolescence, DSM-IV Codes - Mental retardation, DSM-IV Codes - Learning Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Motor Skills Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Communication Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Pervasive Developmental Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Attention-Deficit And Disruptive Behavior Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Feeding and Eating Disorders if Infancy or Early Childhood, DSM-IV Codes - Tic Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Elimination Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Other Disorders of Infancy Childhood or Adolescenece, DSM-IV Codes - Delirium Dementia and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Delirium, DSM-IV Codes - Dementia, DSM-IV Codes - Amnestic Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Other Cognitive Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Mental Disorders Due to a General Medical Condition Not Elsewhere Classified, DSM-IV Codes - Substance-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Alcohol-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Amphetamine Or Amphetamine-Like Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Caffeine-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Cannabis-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Cocaine-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Hallucinogen-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Inhalant-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Nicotine-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Opioid-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Phencyclidine Or Phencyclidine-Like-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Sedative- Hypnotic- or Anxiolytic-Related Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Polysubstance-Related Disorder, DSM-IV Codes - Other or Unknown Substance-Related Disorder, DSM-IV Codes - Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Mood Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Depressive Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Bipolar Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Anxiety Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Somatoform Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Factitious Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Dissociative Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Sexual and Gender Identity Disorder, DSM-IV Codes - Sexual Dysfunctions, DSM-IV Codes - Paraphilias, DSM-IV Codes - Gender Identity Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Eating Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Sleep Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Primary Sleep Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Parasomnias, DSM-IV Codes - Other Sleep Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Impulse-Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified, DSM-IV Codes - Adjustment Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Personality Disorders, DSM-IV Codes - Additional codes

Read more here: » DSM-IV Codes: Encyclopedia II - DSM-IV Codes - Sleep Disorders

Sleep is the regular state of natural rest observed in all mammals, birds and fish. Sleep is not actually "unconsciousness," but rather, it is a natural state of rest characterized by a reduction in voluntary body movement and decreased awareness of the surroundings. Therefore, since consciousness is literally the awareness of the surroundings, being asleep is just an altered state of consciousness, as opposed to being unconscious. It is heavily influenced by circadian rhythms, and by hormonal and environmental factors as well. Sleep ...

Including:

Sleep - Sleep physiology
Sleep - Methodology Sleep - Sleep regulation Sleep - Stages of sleep
Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep Sleep - Dreaming Sleep - Sleep deprivation Sleep - Sleep disorders Sleep - Animal sleep Sleep - Approaches to sleeping better Sleep - Drugs and sleep
Sleep - Sleep aiding Sleep - Stimulant drugs

Read more here: » Sleep: Encyclopedia - Sleep

Sleep - Methodology. Before advances in the fields of neurology, neuroscience, electronics and genetics were made, scientists studied the behavioral characteristics of sleep, such as its pattern, depth and varying frequency. In more recent times, the electrical impulses generated by the brain are recorded using a device called an electroencephalograph (EEG), and individual genes relating to sleep-related brain function, such as the circadian rhythm, are isolated. Molecular biology, medical science and epidemiology all play an ...

See also:

Sleep, Sleep - Sleep physiology, Sleep - Methodology, Sleep - Sleep regulation, Sleep - Stages of sleep, Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep, Sleep - Dreaming, Sleep - Sleep deprivation, Sleep - Sleep disorders, Sleep - Animal sleep, Sleep - Approaches to sleeping better, Sleep - Drugs and sleep, Sleep - Sleep aiding, Sleep - Stimulant drugs

Read more here: » Sleep: Encyclopedia II - Sleep - Sleep physiology

Sleep - Methodology. Before advances in the fields of neurology, neuroscience, electronics and genetics were made, scientists studied the behavioral characteristics of sleep, such as its pattern, depth, and varying frequency. In more recent times, the electrical impulses generated by the brain are recorded using a device called an electroencephalograph (EEG), and individual genes relating to sleep-related brain function, such as the circadian rhythm, have been isolated. Molecular biology, medical science and epidemiology all play an ...

See also:

Sleep, Sleep - Sleep physiology, Sleep - Methodology, Sleep - Sleep regulation, Sleep - Stages of sleep, Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep, Sleep - Dreaming, Sleep - Sleep deprivation, Sleep - Sleep disorders, Sleep - Animal sleep, Sleep - Approaches to sleeping better, Sleep - Drugs and sleep, Sleep - Sleep aiding, Sleep - Stimulant drugs

Read more here: » Sleep: Encyclopedia II - Sleep - Sleep physiology

William C. Dement (born 1928), is a pioneering sleep researcher, and founder of the world's first sleep laboratory at Stanford University. He is the world's leading authority on sleep, sleep deprivation, and the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. He earned both M.D., Ph.D. degrees. Each year from 1971 until 2003 he taught the popular "Sleep and Dreams" course at Stanford University. In 1975 he launched the American Sleep Disorders Associa ...

Including:

William C. Dement - Quotations

Read more here: » William C. Dement: Encyclopedia - William C. Dement

Hypnagogia (also spelled hypnogogia) and hypnopompia are experiences a person can go through when falling asleep in the case of hypnagogia, or waking up, in the case of hypnopompia. When in a hypnagogic or hypnopompic state a person can have lifelike auditory, visual, or tactile hallucinations (known as hypnagogic hallucinations), perhaps even accompanied by full body paralysis. The individual is aware that these are hallucinations; the frightening part, in many cases, is the inability to react to them, even being ...

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A common misperception is that everyone needs eight hours of sleep. The amount of sleep needed is different for each person. This amount needed is individually and biologically determined. Some can do with six hours of sleep, others need nine. However, as a general rule, eight hours is recommended. Sleep experts state that you cannot "store" sleep by sleeping more on the weekends in preparation for the normal work week. [1] The amount of sleep one requires decreases as they age. This is not necessarily the case. The ability to sleep, rather than the need for sleep, app ...

See also:

Sleep, Sleep - Sleep physiology, Sleep - Methodology, Sleep - Sleep regulation, Sleep - Stages of sleep, Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep, Sleep - Dreaming, Sleep - Sleep deprivation, Sleep - Sleep disorders, Sleep - Animal sleep, Sleep - Approaches to sleeping better, Sleep - Drugs and sleep, Sleep - Sleep aiding, Sleep - Stimulant drugs

Read more here: » Sleep: Encyclopedia II - Sleep - Sleep deprivation

In common current usage, the term nightmare refers to dreams of particular intensity, with content that the sleeper finds disturbing, related either to physiological causes, such as a high fever, or to psychological ones, such as unusual trauma or stress in the sleeper's life. The occasional body movements seen in nightmares may have a use in awakening the sleeper, thus helping to avoid the frightening dream-situation. Occasional nightmares are commonplace, but recurrent nightmares can interfere with sleep and may cause people ...

Including:

Nightmare - Historic use of term Nightmare - Notes

Read more here: » Nightmare: Encyclopedia - Nightmare

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (sometimes also referred to as ADD) is classified as a neurological disorder characterized by hyperactivity, forgetfulness, mood shifts, poor impulse control, and distractibility. ADHD is commonly diagnosed among children. When diagnosed in adults, it is regarded as adult attention-deficit disorder (AADD). It is believed that approximately ...

Including:

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Formal definitions Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Symptoms Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Diagnosis Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Comparative behavior Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Incidence Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Testing for ADHD
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Psychological testing Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Other forms of testing
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Possible causes
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Genetic vulnerabilities Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Neuro-chemical imbalance Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Smoking during pregnancy Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Nutrition Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Sleep apnea Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Head injuries
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Treatment
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Mainstream treatments Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Alternative treatments
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Parenting Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Evidence for ADHD as an organic phenomenon Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Positive aspects Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Controversy
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Skepticism towards ADHD as a diagnosis Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as pseudo-science and its falsifiability Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Hunter in a Farmer's Society theory Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADHD as a social construct Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about the impact of labeling Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Concerns about medication Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - ADD/ADHD a hoax?
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Twentieth century history Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder - Terminology

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Light therapy or phototherapy consists of exposure to specific wavelengths of light using lasers, LEDs, fluorescent lamps, or very bright, full-spectrum light, for a prescribed amount of time. It has proven effective in treating Acne vulgaris, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and for some people it has ameliorated delayed sleep phase syndrome. Proponents claim demonstrable benefits for skin conditions such as psoriasis, as well as more controversially, some degree of "skin rejuvenation". Light therapy - Acne vul ...

Including:

Light therapy - Acne vulgaris Light therapy - Neonatal jaundice Light therapy - Seasonal affective disorder Light therapy - Delayed sleep phase syndrome Light therapy - Psoriasis Light therapy - Tanning Light therapy - 'Antiaging' Light therapy - Safety of phototherapy

Read more here: » Light therapy: Encyclopedia - Light therapy

Restorative theories of sleep describe sleep as a dynamic time of healing and growth for organisms. For example, during stages 3 and 4, or slow wave sleep, growth hormone levels increase, and changes in immune function occur. The myriad illnesses associated with sleep deprivation testify to its restorative function. According to the Ontogenetic Hypothesis of REM sleep, the activity occurring during neonatal REM sleep (or Active Sleep) seems to be particularly important to the developing organism (Marks et al., 1995). Studies investiga ...

See also:

Sleep, Sleep - Sleep physiology, Sleep - Methodology, Sleep - Sleep regulation, Sleep - Stages of sleep, Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep, Sleep - Dreaming, Sleep - Sleep deprivation, Sleep - Sleep disorders, Sleep - Animal sleep, Sleep - Approaches to sleeping better, Sleep - Drugs and sleep, Sleep - Sleep aiding, Sleep - Stimulant drugs

Read more here: » Sleep: Encyclopedia II - Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep

Insomnia is characterized by an inability to sleep and/or to remain asleep for a reasonable period. Most believe that insomnia is, itself, a sleep disorder, but it is not. It is a complaint, as insomniacs typically complain of being unable to close their eyes or 'rest their mind' for more than a few minutes at a time. As opposed to being a sleep disorder, insomnia is most often caused by sleep disorders, but they are not the only causes. Other causes include fear, stress, anxiety, medications, herbs and caffeine. An over ...

Including:

Insomnia - Types of insomnia Insomnia - Common causes of insomnia Insomnia - Treatment for insomnia
Insomnia - Removing probable causes of insomnia Insomnia - A multifaceted approach

Read more here: » Insomnia: Encyclopedia - Insomnia

Narcolepsy is a neurological condition characterized by severe fatigue, irresistible episodes of sleep and general sleep disorder. It is a kind of dyssomnia. Narcolepsy - Symptoms of narcolepsy. The main characteristic of narcolepsy is overwhelming excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), even after adequate nighttime sleep. A person with narcolepsy is likely to become drowsy or to fall asleep, often at inappropriate times and places. Daytime naps may occur with or without warning and may be irresistible. These ...

Including:

Narcolepsy - Symptoms of narcolepsy Narcolepsy - What happens in narcolepsy Narcolepsy - Causes of narcolepsy Narcolepsy - Prevalence of narcolepsy Narcolepsy - Diagnosis Narcolepsy - Treatment Narcolepsy - Research Narcolepsy - Coping with narcolepsy

Read more here: » Narcolepsy: Encyclopedia - Narcolepsy

The term cataplexy originates from the Greek kata meaning down and plexis meaning a stroke or seizure, implying a falling-down seizure. Cataplexy often affects people who have narcolepsy, a disorder whose principal signs are EDS (Excessive Daytime Sleepiness), sleep attacks, and disturbed nightime sleep. Cataplexy manifests itself as muscular weakness which may range from a barely perceptible slackening of the facial muscles to the dropping of the jaw or head, weakness at the knees, or the ...

Read more here: » Cataplexy: Encyclopedia - Cataplexy

Alfred J. Lewy, M.D., Ph.D. graduated from University of Chicago, in 1973 after studying Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Ophthalmology. He is currently amung the faculty at OHSU, Oregon Health and Science University, in the Neuroscience graduate program. He currently has, as of December 2005, 94 publications available on pubmed. He describes his research as follows: "My laboratory studies chronobiologic sleep and mood disorders. These disorders include winter depression, jet lag, maladaptation to shift work and certain types of

Read more here: » Alfred J. Lewy: Encyclopedia - Alfred J. Lewy

Restorative theories of sleep describe sleep as a dynamic time of healing and growth for organisms. For example, during stages 3 and 4, or slow wave sleep, growth hormone levels increase, and changes in immune function occur. The myriad illnesses associated with sleep deprivation testify to its restorative function. According to the ontogenetic hypothesis of REM sleep, the activity occurring during neonatal REM sleep (or Active Sleep) seems to be particularly important to the developing organism (Marks et al., 1995). Studies investiga ...

See also:

Sleep, Sleep - Sleep physiology, Sleep - Methodology, Sleep - Sleep regulation, Sleep - Stages of sleep, Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep, Sleep - Dreaming, Sleep - Sleep deprivation, Sleep - Sleep disorders, Sleep - Animal sleep, Sleep - Approaches to sleeping better, Sleep - Drugs and sleep, Sleep - Sleep aiding, Sleep - Stimulant drugs

Read more here: » Sleep: Encyclopedia II - Sleep - Theories regarding the function of sleep

Symptoms begin with fever, headaches, and joint pains. If untreated, the disease slowly overcomes the defenses of the infected person, and symptoms spread to anaemia, endocrine problems, and cardiovascular and kidney disorders. The disease then enters a neurological phase when the parasite passes through the blood-brain barrier. The symptoms of the second phase is what gives the disease its name: besides confusion and reduced coordination, the sleep cycle is disturbed with bouts of fatigue punctuated with manic periods progressing to daytime ...

See also:

Sleeping sickness, Sleeping sickness - History, Sleeping sickness - Geographic distribution and epidemiology, Sleeping sickness - Life cycle, Sleeping sickness - Clinical features, Sleeping sickness - Laboratory diagnosis, Sleeping sickness - Treatment, Sleeping sickness - Prevention and control

Read more here: » Sleeping sickness: Encyclopedia II - Sleeping sickness - Clinical features

"Dreaming permits each and every one of us to be quietly and safely insane every night of our lives." - Newsweek 30 Nov 59 "...drowsiness is red alert." - Stanford Report 31 March, 2004 “Even when they are looking, people usually see only what they expect to find and they do not see what they assume for whatever reason could not exist.” - The Promise of Sleep (pg 34) ...

See also:

William C. Dement, William C. Dement - Quotations

Read more here: » William C. Dement: Encyclopedia II - William C. Dement - Quotations