Skin is composed of the epidermis and the dermis. Below these layers lies the hypodermis(subcutaneous adipose layer), which is not usually classified as a layer of skin. The outermost epidermis is consists of stratified squamous epithelium with an underlying basement membrane. It contains no blood vessels, and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells which make up the epidermis are keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells also present. The epidermis can be further subdivided in ...

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Skin, Skin - Layers, Skin - Types, Skin - Functions, Skin - Hygiene, Skin - Aging and disease

Read more here: » Skin: Encyclopedia II - Skin - Layers

Skin, Skin - Layers, Skin - Types, Skin - Functions, Skin - Hygiene, Skin - Aging and disease

Read more here: » Skin: Encyclopedia II - Skin - Layers

The skin must be regularly cleaned. Unless enough care is taken it will become cracked or inflamed. Unclean skin favors the development of pathogenic organisms. The constantly peeling off dead cells of the epidermis mix with the secretions of the sweat and sebaceous glands and the dust found on the skin to form a filthy layer on its surface. If not washed away the dirt and dead skin slurry begins to decompose emitting a foul smell. Functions of the skin are disturbed when it is dirty and it becomes more easily damaged. The release of antibac ...

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Skin, Skin - Layers, Skin - Types, Skin - Functions, Skin - Hygiene, Skin - Aging and disease

Read more here: » Skin: Encyclopedia II - Skin - Hygiene

In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs. As the interface with the surroundings, it plays the most important role in protecting against pathogens. Its other main functions are insulation and temperature regulation, sensation and vitamin D and B synthesis. Skin has pigmentation, provided by melanocytes, which absorbs some of the potentially dangerous radiation in sunlight. It also contains DNA repair enzymes which reverse U ...

Including:

Skin - Layers Skin - Types Skin - Functions Skin - Hygiene Skin - Aging and disease

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Emollients are substances which soften and soothe the skin. They are used to correct dryness and scaling of the skin. The terms 'moisturiser' (to add moisture) and 'emollient' (to soften) are interchangeable as they describe different effects of these agents on the skin. Emollient - Mechanism of action. Emollients have two basic actions: Occlusion - providing a layer of oil on the surface of the skin to slow water loss and thus increase the moisture content of the stratum ...

Including:

Emollient - Mechanism of action

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A blister or bulla is a defense mechanism of the human body. It consists of a pool of lymph and other bodily fluids beneath the upper layers of the skin. It may be formed in response to burns or friction, and helps to repair damage to the skin. If a blister is punctured, it forms an open wound and must be bandaged. If a blister is associated with sub-dermal bleeding, it may partially fill with blood, forming an unpleasant blood blister. Blistering is a disting ...

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The dartos is a layer of smooth muscular fiber. In males it is termed tunica dartos and lies beneath the skin of the scrotum. In females, the same muscle fibers are less well developed and termed dartos mulierbris, lying beneath the skin of the labia majora. The tunica dartos acts to regulate the temperature of the testicles, which promotes spermatogenesis. It does this by expanding or contracting to wrinkle the scrotal skin. Contraction reduces the surface area available for heat loss, thus reducing heat loss and ...

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Blubber is a thick layer of vascularized fat found under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians. It covers the whole body, except for the appendages, loosely attached to the musculature. It can comprise up to 50% of the body mass of some marine mammals during some points in their lives. Blubber serves several different functions, it is the primary area of fat on marine mammals, and essential for storing energy. It is particularly important f ...

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In Aztec mythology, Xipe Totec ("our lord the flayed one") was a life-death-rebirth deity, god of agriculture, the west, disease, spring, goldsmiths and the seasons. He flayed himself to give food to humanity, symbolic of the maize seed losing the outer layer of the seed before germination. Without his skin, he was depicted as a golden god. Annually, humans were selected as sacrifices to Xipe Totec. These people were carefully flayed to produce a nearly whole skin which was then worn by the priests during the fertility rituals ...

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Feathers are one of the epidermal growths that form the distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on birds. They are the outstanding characteristic that distinguishes the Class Aves from all other living groups. Other Theropoda also had feathers (see Feathered dinosaurs). Feather - Characteristics. Feathers are among the most complex structural organs found in vertebrates: integumentary appendages, formed by controlled proliferation of cells in the epidermis, or outer skin layer, that produce keratin proteins ...

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Feather - Characteristics Feather - Origins Feather - Feathered dinosaurs Feather - Human uses

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Ceratotherium Dicerorhinus Diceros Rhinoceros Coelodonta (extinct) Elasmotherium (extinct) A rhinoceros (commonly called a rhino for short) is any of five surviving species of odd-toed ungulate in the family Rhinocerotidae. All five are native to Africa or Asia. Rhinoceros is also one of the genera in this family. A salient feature of this horned mammal is its protective skin formed from layers of collagen with optimal thickness ...

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Rhinoceros - Family Rhinoceros - Rhinoceros horn Rhinoceros - Nature's firefighter

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Vitis mustangensis is a variety of grape also known as the Mustang Grape. It grows fruit in small clusters of hard green berries, that when ripe become soft 3/4 inch dark purple berries in August-September. The fruit can be potentially irritating to the skin when picked or eaten. It is mildly unpleasent to eat because of its bitterness and high acidity content. It has a thick outer layer of flesh and on average contains four seeds. The vine itself is recognized by the white velvet-like underside of the leaves, and often covers small trees, shrubs, fences and other objects that it

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Onion in the general sense can be used for any plant in the Genus Allium but used without qualifiers usually means Allium cepa L., also called the garden onion. Onions (usually but not exclusively the bulbs) are edible with a distinctive strong flavour and pungent odour which is mellowed and sweetened by cooking. They generally have a papery outer skin over a fleshy, layered inner core. Used worldwide for culinary purposes, they come in a wide variety of forms and colors. Onions may be grown f ...

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Onion - History Onion - Culinary and medicinal uses Onion - Nutrition Onion - Why do onions make you cry? Onion - Types of onion Allium cepa Onion - Related species

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Minor surface skin cancers are readily treatable by simple surgery, but if the cancer is allowed to grow then it will penetrate through the layers of skin and affect the lymphatic system. It may also metastasize and spread to other parts of the body. Skin cancers which are aggressive, recurrent, or located upon 'high risk sites' of the body (central face, scalp, ears, genitalia) may require more advanced surgical approaches such as Mohs' microgr ...

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Skin cancer, Skin cancer - Types, Skin cancer - Prevalence, Skin cancer - Prognosis, Skin cancer - Signs and symptoms, Skin cancer - Pathology

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There are four main types of transdermal patches listed below. Transdermal patch - Single-layer Drug-in-Adhesive. The adhesive layer of this system also contains the drug. In this type of patch the adhesive layer not only serves to adhere the various layers together, along with the entire system to the skin, but is also responsible for the releasing of the drug. The adhesive layer is surrounded by a temporary liner and a backing. ...

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Transdermal patch, Transdermal patch - Components, Transdermal patch - Types of Transdermal Patches, Transdermal patch - Single-layer Drug-in-Adhesive, Transdermal patch - Multi-layer Drug-in-Adhesive, Transdermal patch - Reservoir, Transdermal patch - Matrix

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Moisturizers act on the most external of the skin layers, the so-called corneal stratum (stratum corneum, the anatomical term in Latin), which is largely formed by squamous cells or keratinocytes (an epithelial layer which is quite dynamic, i.e., it is being constantly shed and replaced by the growth of new cells coming from the deeper layers of the skin, therefore its name). Most, if not all, agents present in moisturizers are unable to penetrate ...

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Moisturizer, Moisturizer - Mechanism of action, Moisturizer - Composition, Moisturizer - Adverse effects, Moisturizer - Reference

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Irritant diaper dermatitis develops when skin is exposed to prolonged wetness, increased skin pH caused by urine and feces, and resulting breakdown of the stratum corneum, or outermost layer of the skin. In adults, the stratum corneum is composed of 25 to 30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes, which are continuously shed and replaced from below. These dead cells are interlayered with lipids secreted by the stratum granulosum just underneath, which help to make this layer of the skin a waterproof barrier. The stratum corneum’s function ...

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Diaper rash, Diaper rash - Differential diagnosis, Diaper rash - Causes of diaper rash, Diaper rash - Effects of urine, Diaper rash - Effects of diet, Diaper rash - Secondary infection in irritant diaper dermatitis, Diaper rash - Treatments for diaper rash

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Although the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. UV radiation is divided into three categories, based on its wavelength; these are referred to as UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C. UV-C, which would be very harmful to humans, is entirely screened out by ozone at around 35 km altitude. UV-B radiation is the main cause of sunburn; excessive exposure can also cause genetic damage, resulting in problems such as skin can ...

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Ozone layer, Ozone layer - Origin of ozone, Ozone layer - Ultraviolet light and ozone, Ozone layer - DNA sensitivity to UV, Ozone layer - Amount of ozone, Ozone layer - Distribution of ozone in the stratosphere, Ozone layer - Ozone depletion, Ozone layer - Regulation

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One differentiates between the Upper (Labium superioris) and lower lip (Labium inferioris), the lower is usually somewhat larger. The skin of the lip with its three to five cellular layers is very thin compared to the typical face skin with up to 16. With light skin color, the lip skin contains no melanocyte (pigment cells, which give skin its color}. Because of this, the blood vessels appears through the skin of the lips and leads to a notable red coloring of the lips. With darker skin color, this effect is less noticable, because in this case the skin of th ...

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Lip, Lip - Anatomical basics of the human lip, Lip - Anatomy in detail, Lip - Sensory nerve supply, Lip - Blood supply, Lip - Muscles acting on the lips, Lip - Functions of the lips, Lip - Food intake, Lip - Tactile organ, Lip - Articulation, Lip - Facial expressions, Lip - Erogonous zone, Lip - Symbolic meaning, Lip - Changes to the lip, Lip - Diseases, Lip - Literature

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A scar is a natural part of the healing process. Skin scars occur when the deep, thick layer of skin (the dermis) is damaged. To mend the damage, the body has to lay down new collagen fibres (a naturally occurring protein which is produced by the body). This process results in a fortuna scar. Because the body cannot re-build the tissue exactly as it was, the new scar tissue will have a different texture and quality than the surrounding normal tissue. An injury does not become a s ...

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Scar, Scar - Scars of the skin, Scar - Treatments for skin scars, Scar - Simple treatments, Scar - Surgery, Scar - Laser Surgery & Resurfacing, Scar - Steroid injections, Scar - Pressure garments, Scar - Radiotherapy, Scar - Dermabrasion, Scar - Collagen injections, Scar - Other treatments, Scar - Intentional scarring

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