situational awareness

A tank is a tracked armoured fighting vehicle, designed primarily to engage enemy forces by the use of direct fire. A modern main battle tank is distinguished by its high level of firepower, mobility and armour protection relative to other vehicles of its era. It can cross comparatively rough terrain at high speeds, but requires extensive fuel, maintenance, and ammunition and thus is logistically demanding. It has the heaviest armour of any vehicle on the battlefield, and carries powerful weaponry, often at least manifested in the pre ...

Including:

• Tank - History
• Tank - World War One: the first tanks
• Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War
• Tank - The Cold War and beyond
• Tank - Design
• Tank - Weapons
• Tank - Fire control
• Tank - Ammunition
• Tank - Protection
• Tank - Armour
• Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences
• Tank - Countermeasures
• Tank - Exposed crew
• Tank - Mobility
• Tank - Water operations
• Tank - Power plants
• Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces
• Tank - Command control and communications
• Tank - Vulnerability
• Tank - Infantry
• Tank - Artillery
• Tank - Helicopters
• Tank - Mines
• Tank - Aircraft
• Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia - Tank

The onboard electronics used for piloting an aircraft are called avionics (AVI-ation electr-ONICS). Avionics include communications and navigation systems, autopilots, and electronic flight management systems (FMS). Onboard electronics that are unrelated to piloting tasks, such as video systems for passengers, are sometimes considered avionics as well. Many of these devices include embedded computers. Avionics - History. Radiotelephone (two way voice radio) systems have been installed in aircraft since befo ...

Including:

• Avionics - History
• Avionics - Auxiliary and diagnostic systems
• Avionics - Recent advances
• Avionics - Global Positioning System GPS
• Avionics - Glass cockpits

Read more here: » Avionics: Encyclopedia - Avionics

Main page: network-centric warfare The network-centric warfare (NCW) doctrine represents a fundamental shift in military culture, away from powerful compartmentalized war machines and toward interconnected units operating cohesively. The tenet of NCW is to improve and streamline the sharing of information that would, in theory, enhance all aspects of the modern military. At the enterprise level, forging new paths that components of the military communicate in will ease logistics burdens, improve communication and combat ...

See also:

Global Information Grid, Global Information Grid - Motivation, Global Information Grid - Architecture, Global Information Grid - Implementation, Global Information Grid - See Also

Read more here: » Global Information Grid: Encyclopedia II - Global Information Grid - Motivation

See Also: Iraq Timeline Liberian Crisis North Korean Crisis Hutton Inquiry Bloody Sunday Inquiry Road Map to Peace Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 2004 Canadian federal election 2004 U.S. Presidential Election 2004 ROC Presidential Election Same-sex Marriage SCO v. IBM War on Terrorism Afghanistan timeline November 2003 November 2003 - November 30 2003. Syria hands over 22 suspects to Turkey on Sunday in co ...

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November 2003, November 2003 - Events, November 2003 - November 30 2003, November 2003 - November 29 2003, November 2003 - November 28 2003, November 2003 - November 27 2003, November 2003 - November 26 2003, November 2003 - November 25 2003, November 2003 - November 24 2003, November 2003 - November 23 2003, November 2003 - November 22 2003, November 2003 - November 21 2003, November 2003 - November 20 2003, November 2003 - November 19 2003, November 2003 - November 18 2003, November 2003 - November 17 2003, November 2003 - November 16 2003, November 2003 - November 15 2003, November 2003 - November 14 2003, November 2003 - November 13 2003, November 2003 - November 12 2003, November 2003 - November 11 2003, November 2003 - November 10 2003, November 2003 - November 9 2003, November 2003 - November 8 2003, November 2003 - November 7 2003, November 2003 - November 6 2003, November 2003 - November 5 2003, November 2003 - November 4 2003, November 2003 - November 3 2003, November 2003 - November 2 2003, November 2003 - November 1 2003, November 2003 - Events by month

Read more here: » November 2003: Encyclopedia II - November 2003 - Events

Tank - World War One: the first tanks. Having already seen Rolls Royce armoured cars used by Royal Naval Air Service in 1914, and aware of schemes to create a tracked fighting vehicle, First Lord of the Admiralty Winston Churchill sponsored the Landships Committee to oversee development of this new weapon. The first successful prototype tank, nicknamed Little Willie, was tested for the British Army on September 6, 1915. Although initially termed landships by the Admiralty, the initial vehicles were colloqu ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - History

Electronic Flight Information Systems - PFD. The PFD displays all information critical to flight, including airspeed, altitude, heading, attitude, vertical speed and yaw. The PFD is designed to improve a pilot's situational awareness by integrating this information into a single display instead of six different analog instruments, reducing the amount of time necessary to monitor the instruments. PFDs also increase situational awareness by alerting the aircrew to unusual or potentially hazardous conditions (e.g., low airspeed, high rate of decent) by cha ...

See also:

Electronic Flight Information Systems, Electronic Flight Information Systems - EFIS Design, Electronic Flight Information Systems - PFD, Electronic Flight Information Systems - MFD, Electronic Flight Information Systems - ECIAS, Electronic Flight Information Systems - Advances in EFIS

Read more here: » Electronic Flight Information Systems: Encyclopedia II - Electronic Flight Information Systems - EFIS Design

Radiotelephone (two way voice radio) systems have been installed in aircraft since before World War II, and have been widely used for mission coordination and air traffic control. Early systems used vacuum tubes, and because of their weight and size, were installed out of the way with only a control head in place in the flight deck. Standardization on VHF frequences occurred shortly after World War II, and transistor radio systems replaced the tube-based systems shortly afterward. Only minor changes have been ma ...

See also:

Avionics, Avionics - History, Avionics - Auxiliary and diagnostic systems, Avionics - Recent advances, Avionics - Global Positioning System GPS, Avionics - Glass cockpits

Read more here: » Avionics: Encyclopedia II - Avionics - History

Stationary tanks can be well camouflaged in woodland and forested areas where there is natural cover, making detection and attack from the air more difficult. By contrast, in the open it is very hard to hide a tank. In both cases, however, once a tank starts its engine or begins to move it can be detected much more easily due to the heat and noise generated by its engine. The tank tracks across lands can be spotted from the air, and in the desert movement can st ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers, smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic, seismic, and thermal traces, Tank - Command, control, and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Sonic, seismic, and thermal traces

Commanding and co-ordinating a tank organisation in the field has always been subject to particular problems. Because of the isolation of small units, individual vehicles, and even the crewmen of a tank, special arrangements have had to be made. Armoured bulkheads, engine noise, intervening terrain, dust, and smoke, and the need to operate "hatches down" (or "buttoned up") comprise severe detriments to communications. Every action of a tank's crew, movement and fire, is ordered by its commander. In some early tanks, the crew commander ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers, smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic, seismic, and thermal traces, Tank - Command, control, and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Command, control, and communications

Commanding and co-ordinating a tank organisation in the field has always been subject to particular problems. Because of the isolation of small units, individual vehicles, and even the crewmen of a tank, special arrangements have had to be made. Armoured bulkheads, engine noise, intervening terrain, dust, and smoke, and the need to operate "hatches down" (or "buttoned up") comprise severe detriments to communications. Every action of a tank's crew, movement and fire, is ordered by its commander. In some early tanks, the crew commander ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Command control and communications

Whilst being a tremendously powerful weapon and the undoubted king of the land battlefield, the tank is not invulnerable. In fact it is the tank's superiority which has focused so much effort on improving antitank weapons. Tank - Infantry. The tank is still vulnerable to infantry, especially in close country or built up areas. The armour and mobility of tanks, while usually notable assets, also makes them large and noisy. This can give enemy infantry the initiative, allowing them to spot, track and evade t ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Vulnerability

There has been much speculation as to how tanks will evolve for modern day conflicts. Current research involves making the tank invisible to radar by adapting stealth technologies originally designed for aircraft and a variety of luminosity and colour shaping technologies. Research is also ongoing in armour systems and new propulsion units. One clear trend is the increasing number of electrical and communication systems on a tank, such as thermal scopes and higher powered radios. If tank designs switched to electrical motors li ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Stationary tanks can be well camouflaged in woodland and forested areas where there is natural cover, making detection and attack from the air more difficult. By contrast, in the open it is very hard to hide a tank. In both cases, however, once a tank starts its engine or begins to move it can be detected much more easily due to the heat and noise generated by its engine. The tank tracks across lands can be spotted from the air, and in the desert movement can stir ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces

The Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration (ASD(NII)) as the Chief Information Officer for DoD is charged with ultimate responsibility for the Global Information Grid. His or her authority extends to all phases of the GIG design, from planning to development to implementation to maintenance. The Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) has been charged by the CIO with heading the GIG project. DISA has classified the GIG as a data computing grid and has designed an intricate foundation architect ...

See also:

Global Information Grid, Global Information Grid - Motivation, Global Information Grid - Architecture, Global Information Grid - Implementation, Global Information Grid - See Also

Read more here: » Global Information Grid: Encyclopedia II - Global Information Grid - Architecture

As of 2004, there are nine functional GIG ES core services. These are: Storage Messaging Enterprise Service Management Discovery Mediation Information Assurance Application Hosting User Assistant Collaboration The 2002 DoD Directive effectively redesignates all existing computer networks, technology services, and data applications within the Department as part of the GIG. Agencies have evolved independent efforts to bring their services into compliance with GIG ES architecture. On ...

See also:

Global Information Grid, Global Information Grid - Motivation, Global Information Grid - Architecture, Global Information Grid - Implementation, Global Information Grid - See Also

Read more here: » Global Information Grid: Encyclopedia II - Global Information Grid - Implementation

Avionics have changed significantly with the advent of the GPS receiver and "glass cockpit" display systems. Avionics - Global Positioning System GPS. The use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) has changed aircraft navigation both in the en-route phase and approach (landing) phases of flight. Aircraft have traditionally flown from one radio navigation aid ("navaids") to the next (e.g., from VOR to VOR). The paths between navaids are called airways. While this is rarely the shortest route between ...

See also:

Avionics, Avionics - History, Avionics - Auxiliary and diagnostic systems, Avionics - Recent advances, Avionics - Global Positioning System GPS, Avionics - Glass cockpits

Read more here: » Avionics: Encyclopedia II - Avionics - Recent advances

The three traditional factors determining a tank's effectiveness are its firepower, mobility and protection. The psychological effect on enemy soldiers of a tank's imposing battlefield presence is called shock action. Firepower is the ability of a tank to defeat a target. This takes into account the maximum distance at which targets can be engaged, the ability to engage moving targets, the speed with which multiple targets can be attacked, and the capability to defeat armoured v ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Design

Main article: tank gun The main weapon of any modern tank is a single large gun. Tank guns are among the largest-calibre weapons in use on land, with only a few artillery pieces being larger. Although the calibre has not changed substantially since the end of the Second World War, modern guns are technologically superior. The current common sizes are 120mm calibre for Western tanks and 125mm for Eastern (Soviet and Chinese legacy) tanks. Tank guns have been able to fire many types of rounds, but their ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Weapons

The main battle tank is the most heavily armoured vehicle in modern armies. Its armour is designed to protect the vehicle and crew against a wide variety of threats. Commonly, protection against kinetic energy penetrators fired by other tanks is considered the most important. Tanks are also vulnerable to antitank guided missiles; antitank mines, larger bombs, and direct artillery hits, which can disable or destroy them. Tanks are especially vulnerable to airborne threats. Most modern MBTs do offer near complete protection from artillery frag ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Protection

There are essentially two main aspects of mobility to consider, the tank's basic mobility such as its speed across terrain and ability to climb obstacles, and its overall battlefield mobility such as range, what bridges it can cross, and what transport vehicles can move it. Mobility of a tank is categorised as either Battlefield Mobility, Tactical Mobility, or Strategic Mobility. The first is a function of its engine performance and capability of its running gear and is determined by aspects such as acceleration, speed, vertical obstacle cap ...

See also:

Tank, Tank - History, Tank - World War One: the first tanks, Tank - 1920s to the end of Second World War, Tank - The Cold War and beyond, Tank - Design, Tank - Weapons, Tank - Fire control, Tank - Ammunition, Tank - Protection, Tank - Armour, Tank - Grenade launchers smoke and passive defences, Tank - Countermeasures, Tank - Exposed crew, Tank - Mobility, Tank - Water operations, Tank - Power plants, Tank - Sonic seismic and thermal traces, Tank - Command control and communications, Tank - Vulnerability, Tank - Infantry, Tank - Artillery, Tank - Helicopters, Tank - Mines, Tank - Aircraft, Tank - The future of tanks through research and development

Read more here: » Tank: Encyclopedia II - Tank - Mobility