Signuno

The need for an international sign system was discussed at the first World Deaf Congress in 1951, when the WFD was formed. In the following years, a pidgin began to emerge as the delegates from different language backgrounds communicated with each other, and in 1973, a WFD committee ("the Commission of Unification of Signs") published a standardized vocabulary. They tried to choose the most understandable and inoffensive signs from diverse sign languages to make the language easy to learn. However, there is a dominant influence from American Sign Language and European sign languages, and African and Asian signers find ...

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International Sign, International Sign - History, International Sign - Linguistics, International Sign - Letters and numbers, International Sign - Use of indigenous signs, International Sign - Examples of International Sign

Read more here: » International Sign: Encyclopedia II - International Sign - History

International Sign does not have a fixed grammar, so some argue it's better defined as a vocabulary rather than a complete language. Signers may use the IS signs with the grammar of their own native sign language; what grammatical conventions exist naturally have to be very flexible. A study by Bernice Woll suggested that IS signers even use a large amount of vocabulary from their native language, choosing sign variants th ...

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International Sign, International Sign - History, International Sign - Linguistics, International Sign - Letters and numbers, International Sign - Use of indigenous signs, International Sign - Examples of International Sign

Read more here: » International Sign: Encyclopedia II - International Sign - Linguistics

List of constructed languages - Fictional languages. Ailurin is the language spoken by cats (at least those living in New York) in Diane Duane's fantasy books. Aklo, Tsath-yo, and R'lyehian are ancient and obscure languages in the works of H.P. Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith, and others. Aklo is considered by some writers to be the written language of the Serpent People Ancient Language in the Inheritance Trilogy by Christopher Paolini Anglic from David Brin's Uplift ...

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List of constructed languages, List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages, List of constructed languages - Spoken, List of constructed languages - Controlled languages, List of constructed languages - Visual languages, List of constructed languages - Engineered languages, List of constructed languages - Human-usable, List of constructed languages - Knowledge representation, List of constructed languages - Artistic languages, List of constructed languages - Fictional languages, List of constructed languages - Alternative languages, List of constructed languages - Micronational languages, List of constructed languages - Personal languages, List of constructed languages - Language games

Read more here: » List of constructed languages: Encyclopedia II - List of constructed languages - Artistic languages

List of sign languages - Europe. Austrian Sign Language "Österreichische Gebärdensprache" (ÖGS) Belgian-French Sign Language "Langue des Signes de Belgique Francophone" (LSFB) Brazilian Sign Language "Língua Brasileira de Sinais" (LIBRAS) British Sign Language (BSL) Catalan Sign Language (or "Catalonian Sign Langauge") "Llengua de Signes Catalana" (LSC) Croatian Sign Language (Croslan) "Hrvatskog Znakovnog Jezika" (HZJ) Czech Sign Language "Český z ...

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List of sign languages, List of sign languages - Sign languages, List of sign languages - Europe, List of sign languages - Middle East, List of sign languages - Africa, List of sign languages - The Americas, List of sign languages - Asia/Pacific, List of sign languages - Archaic Sign Languages, List of sign languages - Auxiliary sign languages and manual communication systems, List of sign languages - Manual representations of spoken languages

Read more here: » List of sign languages: Encyclopedia II - List of sign languages - Sign languages

The entire Esperanto alphabet is part of the Latin-3 and Unicode character sets, and is included in WGL4. The HTML entities for the special Esperanto characters in Unicode are: C-circumflex: Ĉ c-circumflex: ĉ G-circumflex: Ĝ g-circumflex: ĝ H-circumflex: Ĥ h-circumflex: ĥ J-circumflex: Ĵ j-circumflex: ĵ S-circumflex: Ŝ s-circumflex: ŝ U-breve: Ŭ u-breve: ŭ Esperanto orthography ...

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Esperanto orthography, Esperanto orthography - Origin, Esperanto orthography - Non-printed variants, Esperanto orthography - The names of the letters of the alphabet, Esperanto orthography - Punctuation, Esperanto orthography - ASCII transliteration systems, Esperanto orthography - The h-system, Esperanto orthography - The x-system, Esperanto orthography - The caret system, Esperanto orthography - Unicode, Esperanto orthography - Practical Unicode for Esperanto, Esperanto orthography - Locale

Read more here: » Esperanto orthography: Encyclopedia II - Esperanto orthography - Unicode

List of constructed languages - Fictional languages. Ailurin is the language spoken by cats (at least those living in New York) in Diane Duane's fantasy books. Aklo, Tsath-yo, and R'lyehian are ancient and obscure languages in the works of H.P. Lovecraft, Clark Ashton Smith, and others. Aklo is considered by some writers to be the written language of the Serpent People Ancient Language in the Inheritance Trilogy by Christopher Paolini Anglic from David Brin's Uplift ...

See also:

List of constructed languages, List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages, List of constructed languages - Spoken major, List of constructed languages - Spoken minor, List of constructed languages - Controlled languages, List of constructed languages - Visual languages, List of constructed languages - Engineered languages, List of constructed languages - Human-usable, List of constructed languages - Knowledge representation, List of constructed languages - Artistic languages, List of constructed languages - Fictional languages, List of constructed languages - Alternative languages, List of constructed languages - Micronational languages, List of constructed languages - Personal languages, List of constructed languages - Language games

Read more here: » List of constructed languages: Encyclopedia II - List of constructed languages - Artistic languages

It is unknown when the first attempts were made to represent a spoken language with gesture. Indeed, some have speculated that spoken languages may have evolved from sign languages, and there may be undocumented cases in history when spoken and signed modes of a language existed side by side. It is not uncommon for people to develop gestures to replace words or phrases in contexts where speech is not possible or not permitted, such as in a television studio, but these are usually limited in scope and rarely develop into complete representati ...

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Manually Coded Language, Manually Coded Language - History, Manually Coded Language - Criticisms, Manually Coded Language - Major approaches, Manually Coded Language - Signed spoken languages, Manually Coded Language - Cued Speech, Manually Coded Language - List of manually coded languages

Read more here: » Manually Coded Language: Encyclopedia II - Manually Coded Language - History

The use of MCLs is controversial, and has been opposed since Épée's time by "oralists" who believe Deaf people should speak, lipread and use hearing aids rather than sign — and on the other side, from defenders of Deaf culture who resist attempts to supplant their community language with the language of the dominant (Hearing) culture. Members of the signing Deaf community usually find MCLs "unnatural" and "cumbersome", but elements of these systems have also had a ...

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Manually Coded Language, Manually Coded Language - History, Manually Coded Language - Criticisms, Manually Coded Language - Major approaches, Manually Coded Language - Signed spoken languages, Manually Coded Language - Cued Speech, Manually Coded Language - List of manually coded languages

Read more here: » Manually Coded Language: Encyclopedia II - Manually Coded Language - Criticisms

There have been many different approaches to manually coding spoken languages. Some consist of fingerspelling everything, a technique sometimes known in English as the "Rochester method" after Rochester School for the Deaf in New York where it was used from 1878 until the 1940s. While most MCLs are slower than spoken or sign languages, this method is especially so, and in modern times is generally considered not to be accessible to children. However, some deafblind people still communicate primarily using the Rochester Method. Most Manually ...

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Manually Coded Language, Manually Coded Language - History, Manually Coded Language - Criticisms, Manually Coded Language - Major approaches, Manually Coded Language - Signed spoken languages, Manually Coded Language - Cued Speech, Manually Coded Language - List of manually coded languages

Read more here: » Manually Coded Language: Encyclopedia II - Manually Coded Language - Major approaches

List of constructed languages - Spoken major. Esperanto Glosa Idiom Neutral Ido Interlingua Latino sine flexione Novial Occidental (Interlingue) Volapük List of constructed languages - Spoken minor. Adjuvilo Afrihili Atlango [1] Babm Baza Dunia Eaiea Ekspreso Esperando Esperanto II Europanto See also:

List of constructed languages, List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages, List of constructed languages - Spoken major, List of constructed languages - Spoken minor, List of constructed languages - Controlled languages, List of constructed languages - Visual languages, List of constructed languages - Engineered languages, List of constructed languages - Human-usable, List of constructed languages - Knowledge representation, List of constructed languages - Artistic languages, List of constructed languages - Fictional languages, List of constructed languages - Alternative languages, List of constructed languages - Micronational languages, List of constructed languages - Personal languages, List of constructed languages - Language games

Read more here: » List of constructed languages: Encyclopedia II - List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages

There are also a large number of less formally organised but still widely understood gesticulations and mimes sometimes, if mistakenly, called sign language. These range from expressing universal needs such as pointing to the mouth or rubbing the stomach to indicate a desire for food, to more insulting gestures such as the one-finger salute. It should be noted that not only do these not form a coherent language but their meaning may vary between cultures. ...

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List of sign languages, List of sign languages - Sign languages, List of sign languages - Europe, List of sign languages - Middle East, List of sign languages - Africa, List of sign languages - The Americas, List of sign languages - Asia/Pacific, List of sign languages - Archaic Sign Languages, List of sign languages - Auxiliary sign languages and manual communication systems, List of sign languages - Manual representations of spoken languages

Read more here: » List of sign languages: Encyclopedia II - List of sign languages - Manual representations of spoken languages

List of constructed languages - Human-usable. AllNoun An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language aUI Ceqli Characteristica universalis gua!spi Isotype Ithkuil Láadan Langue Universelle Latejami Liva Loglan Lojban Ro Vorlin John Wilkins' "Real Character" Classical Yiklamu/Xuxuxi Козеи ...

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List of constructed languages, List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages, List of constructed languages - Spoken major, List of constructed languages - Spoken minor, List of constructed languages - Controlled languages, List of constructed languages - Visual languages, List of constructed languages - Engineered languages, List of constructed languages - Human-usable, List of constructed languages - Knowledge representation, List of constructed languages - Artistic languages, List of constructed languages - Fictional languages, List of constructed languages - Alternative languages, List of constructed languages - Micronational languages, List of constructed languages - Personal languages, List of constructed languages - Language games

Read more here: » List of constructed languages: Encyclopedia II - List of constructed languages - Engineered languages

List of constructed languages - Human-usable. AllNoun aUI Ceqli gua!spi Isotype Ithkuil Láadan Langue Universelle Liva Loglan Lojban Ro John Wilkins' "Real Character" Classical Yiklamu/Xuxuxi List of constructed languages - Knowledge representation. CycL The Distributed Language Translation project used a "binary-coded" version of Esperanto as a pivot language between the source language and its trans ...

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List of constructed languages, List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages, List of constructed languages - Spoken, List of constructed languages - Controlled languages, List of constructed languages - Visual languages, List of constructed languages - Engineered languages, List of constructed languages - Human-usable, List of constructed languages - Knowledge representation, List of constructed languages - Artistic languages, List of constructed languages - Fictional languages, List of constructed languages - Alternative languages, List of constructed languages - Micronational languages, List of constructed languages - Personal languages, List of constructed languages - Language games

Read more here: » List of constructed languages: Encyclopedia II - List of constructed languages - Engineered languages

Esperanto versions of international Morse code and Braille include the six diacritic letters. In Braille, the circumflex is indicated by adding a point at position 6 (lower right), and the u-breve is the mirror image of u. An Esperanto Braille magazine, Aŭroro, has been published since 1920. There is a proposed manual alphabet as part of the Signuno project. Signuno itself, as signed Esperanto rather than a language in its own right, is a manual logographic Esperanto orthography. The Signuno alphabet devia ...

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Esperanto orthography, Esperanto orthography - Origin, Esperanto orthography - Non-printed variants, Esperanto orthography - The names of the letters of the alphabet, Esperanto orthography - Punctuation, Esperanto orthography - ASCII transliteration systems, Esperanto orthography - The h-system, Esperanto orthography - The x-system, Esperanto orthography - The caret system, Esperanto orthography - Unicode, Esperanto orthography - Practical Unicode for Esperanto, Esperanto orthography - Locale

Read more here: » Esperanto orthography: Encyclopedia II - Esperanto orthography - Non-printed variants

The script is modeled after Western Slavic scripts such as the Czech or Sorbian alphabet. However, the use of circumflexes instead of háčeks for the letters ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ avoids the appearance of any national version of the Latin alphabet, and the non-Slavic bases g, j of the letters ĝ and ĵ, rather than Slavic dž, ž, help preserve the printed appearance of Latinate and Germanic vocabulary such as ĝenerala "general" and ĵurnalo "journal". The letter v stands for either v ...

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Esperanto orthography, Esperanto orthography - Origin, Esperanto orthography - Non-printed variants, Esperanto orthography - The names of the letters of the alphabet, Esperanto orthography - Punctuation, Esperanto orthography - ASCII transliteration systems, Esperanto orthography - The h-system, Esperanto orthography - The x-system, Esperanto orthography - The caret system, Esperanto orthography - Unicode, Esperanto orthography - Practical Unicode for Esperanto, Esperanto orthography - Locale

Read more here: » Esperanto orthography: Encyclopedia II - Esperanto orthography - Origin

Zamenhof simply tacked an -o onto each consonant to create the name of the letter, with the vowels representing themselves: a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, etc. The diacritics are frequently mentioned overtly. For instance, ĉ may be called ĉo ĉapela or co ĉapela, from ĉapelo (a hat), and ŭ may be called ŭo luneta or u luneta, from luno (a moon) plus the diminutive -et-. This is fine for initialisms such as ktp [kotopo] for etc., but can be pro ...

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Esperanto orthography, Esperanto orthography - Origin, Esperanto orthography - Non-printed variants, Esperanto orthography - The names of the letters of the alphabet, Esperanto orthography - Punctuation, Esperanto orthography - ASCII transliteration systems, Esperanto orthography - The h-system, Esperanto orthography - The x-system, Esperanto orthography - The caret system, Esperanto orthography - Unicode, Esperanto orthography - Practical Unicode for Esperanto, Esperanto orthography - Locale

Read more here: » Esperanto orthography: Encyclopedia II - Esperanto orthography - The names of the letters of the alphabet

As with most languages, punctuation is not completely standardized, but in Esperanto there is the additional complication of multiple competing national traditions. Commas are required to introduce subordinate clauses (that is, before ke "that" or the ki- correlatives), Mi ne scias, kiel fari tion. (I don't know how to do that.) The comma is also used for the decimal point, while thousands are separated by periods or non-breaking spaces: ...

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Esperanto orthography, Esperanto orthography - Origin, Esperanto orthography - Non-printed variants, Esperanto orthography - The names of the letters of the alphabet, Esperanto orthography - Punctuation, Esperanto orthography - ASCII transliteration systems, Esperanto orthography - The h-system, Esperanto orthography - The x-system, Esperanto orthography - The caret system, Esperanto orthography - Unicode, Esperanto orthography - Practical Unicode for Esperanto, Esperanto orthography - Locale

Read more here: » Esperanto orthography: Encyclopedia II - Esperanto orthography - Punctuation

Esperanto orthography - The h-system. The original method of working around the diacritics was suggested by the creator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof. He recommended using u in place of ŭ, and using digraphs with h for the circumflex letters. For example, ŝ is represented by sh, as in shi for ŝi (she), and shanco for ŝanco (chance). Unfortunately this method suffers from two main problems: h is already a consonant in the ...

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Esperanto orthography, Esperanto orthography - Origin, Esperanto orthography - Non-printed variants, Esperanto orthography - The names of the letters of the alphabet, Esperanto orthography - Punctuation, Esperanto orthography - ASCII transliteration systems, Esperanto orthography - The h-system, Esperanto orthography - The x-system, Esperanto orthography - The caret system, Esperanto orthography - Unicode, Esperanto orthography - Practical Unicode for Esperanto, Esperanto orthography - Locale

Read more here: » Esperanto orthography: Encyclopedia II - Esperanto orthography - ASCII transliteration systems

List of constructed languages - Spoken. Adjuvilo Afrihili Atlango [1] Babm Dunia Esperanto Europanto Fasile Folkspraak Glosa Idiom Neutral Ido Interlingua Latino sine flexione Lingua Franca Nova Mondial Mondlango Mundolinco Novial Nuwaubic Occidental (Interlingue) Progressiva Romanica Románico ...

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List of constructed languages, List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages, List of constructed languages - Spoken, List of constructed languages - Controlled languages, List of constructed languages - Visual languages, List of constructed languages - Engineered languages, List of constructed languages - Human-usable, List of constructed languages - Knowledge representation, List of constructed languages - Artistic languages, List of constructed languages - Fictional languages, List of constructed languages - Alternative languages, List of constructed languages - Micronational languages, List of constructed languages - Personal languages, List of constructed languages - Language games

Read more here: » List of constructed languages: Encyclopedia II - List of constructed languages - Auxiliary languages