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Shulkhan Arukh: Encyclopedia Ii - Shulkhan Arukh - Shulkhan Arukh
Karo wrote the Shulkhan Arukh in his old age, for the benefit of those who did not possess the education necessary to understand the Beth...
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Shulkhan Arukh: Encyclopedia Ii - Shulkhan Arukh - Beth Yosef
Shulkhan Arukh - Its premise and style.
The Shulkhan Arukh is an abridgement of a much larger work by Rabbi Karo, titled Beth Yosef (He...
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Kabbalah: Encyclopedia - Kabbalah
Kabbalah (Hebrew קַבָּלָה "reception", Standard Hebrew Qabbala, Tiberian Hebrew Qabbālāh; also written variously as Cabala, Cab...
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Ashkenazi Jews: Encyclopedia - Ashkenazi Jews
Israel: app. 3.7 mil. [3]
Europe: app. 1.7 mil. [4]
Argentina: nn
South Africa: nn
Oceania: nn
• Sephardi Jews
&...
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Asher Ben Jehiel: Encyclopedia - Asher Ben Jehiel
Asher ben Jehiel (or Asher ben Yechiel) (1250 or 1259-1328) was an eminent rabbi and Talmudist best known for his abstract of Talmudic la...
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Arukh Hashulkhan: Encyclopedia - Arukh Hashulkhan
The Arukh HaShulkhan is a work of Jewish scholarship, written by Yechiel Michel Epstein. The title "Arukh HaShulkhan" ("laying the table"...
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Arba'ah Turim: Encyclopedia - Arba'ah Turim
Arba'ah Turim (ארבעה טורים, Hebrew: "Four columns" - on the High Priest's breastplate), also abbreviated as Tur, is an importan...
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Akiva Eger: Encyclopedia - Akiva Eger
Rabbi Akiva Eger or Eiger (1761-1837), born in Eisenstadt,then in Hungary, was a Jewish scholar and influential halakhic decisor (posek)....
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Acharonim: Encyclopedia - Acharonim
Acharonim (אחרונים Hebrew - sing. Acharon) literally "the later ones", is a term used in Jewish law and history, to signify the le...
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Yosef Shalom Eliashiv: Encyclopedia - Yosef Shalom Eliashiv
Yosef Shalom Eliashiv (יוסף שלום אלישיב), (b. 1910) is a Haredi rabbi who lives in Jerusalem, Israel. Well into his ninetie...
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Yoreh De'ah: Encyclopedia - Yoreh De'ah
Yoreh De'ah is a section of Rabbi Jacob ben Asher's compilation of halakha (Jewish law), Arba'ah Turim. This section treats all aspects o...
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Yoel Sirkis: Encyclopedia - Yoel Sirkis
Yoel Sirkis (1561-1640) was a rabbi and halakhist ("Authority on Jewish law") known to scholars of Judaism. He lived in central Europe an...
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Yisrael Meir Kagan: Encyclopedia - Yisrael Meir Kagan
Yisrael Meir (HaCohen) Kagan, also known to students of Judaism as the Chofetz Chaim, was a rabbi, Halakhist and ethicist, born in Zhetel...
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Yosef Karo: Encyclopedia - Yosef Karo
Rabbi Yosef (Joseph) Ben Ephraim Karo is one of the most important leaders in the history of halakha (Jewish law). He was born in Spain o...
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Yeshiva: Encyclopedia - Yeshiva
Yeshiva or yeshivah (Hebrew: ישיבה pl. yeshivot or yeshivos) is an institution for Torah study and the study of Talmud primarily wit...
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Basic Laws Of Israel: Encyclopedia - Basic Laws Of Israel
Land of Israel
Districts · Cities · Transportation
Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee
Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria
Jer...
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Beth Din: Encyclopedia - Beth Din
A beth din (בית דין, Hebrew: "house of judgment", plural battei din) is a rabbinical court of Judaism. In ancient times, it was the...
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Avraham Danzig: Encyclopedia - Avraham Danzig
Rabbi Avraham Danzig (1748-1820) was a decisor and codifier, best known as the author of the works of Jewish law Chayei Adam and Chochmat...
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Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Modern Orthodox Judaism
Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Ortho...
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Halakha: Encyclopedia - Halakha
Halakha (Hebrew: הלכה; also transliterated as Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish rabbinic law, custom an...
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Timeline Of Jewish History: Encyclopedia - Timeline Of Jewish History
This entry contains a timeline of the development of Judaism and the Jewish people. Note that all dates are given according to the Common...
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Judaism: Encyclopedia - Judaism
Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. It is one of the first recorded monotheistic faiths and one of the oldest religious traditi...
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Ablution In Judaism: Encyclopedia - Ablution In Judaism
Ablution in Judaism. This article refers to ceremonies of ritual purity performed by religious Jews.
The origins for these rituals and cu...
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Business Ethics: Encyclopedia - Business Ethics
Business ethics is a form of applied ethics that examines ethical rules and principles within a commercial context; the various moral or ...
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Yeshu: Encyclopedia - Yeshu
Yeshu (ישו in Hebrew) and slight variations such as Jeshu (Bible English transliteration) or Yeishu (Yiddish pronunciation), is the na...
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Kashrut: Encyclopedia - Kashrut
Kashrut (Hebrew: כַּשְׁרוּת kašrûṯ) or "keeping kosher" (Hebrew: כָּשֵׁר kāšēr) is the name of the Jewish dietary...
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Rabbi: Encyclopedia - Rabbi
Rabbi (Classical Hebrew רִבִּי ribbī;; modern Ashkenazi and Israeli רַבִּי rabbī) in Judaism, means "teacher", or more lite...
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Shofar: Encyclopedia - Shofar
A shofar is a ram's horn that is used as a musical instrument for religious purposes. It is used on Judaism's high holy days of Rosh Hash...
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Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia - Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics firs...
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Midrash: Encyclopedia - Midrash
Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש; plural midrashim) is a Hebrew word referring to a method of exegesis of a Biblical text. The term "midrash" al...
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Maimonides: Encyclopedia - Maimonides
Moshe ben Maimon (March 30, 1135–December 13, 1204) was a Jewish rabbi, physician, and philosopher.
Moshe ben Maimon's Hebrew name is ...
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Rabbinic Literature: Encyclopedia - Rabbinic Literature
Rabbinic literature, in the broadest sense, can mean the entire spectrum of Judaism's rabbinic writing/s throughout history. However, the...
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Tallit: Encyclopedia - Tallit
The tallit (Modern Hebrew טַלֵּית) or tallet (Sephardi Hebrew טַלֵּית), also called talles (Yiddish), is a prayer shawl "cl...
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Beth Midrash: Encyclopedia - Beth Midrash
Beth midrash (or Beit Midrash or Bais Medrash or Bais Medrish, Hebrew בית מדרש) (plural battei midrash) literally means a "House [...
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United Torah Judaism: Encyclopedia - United Torah Judaism
Land of Israel
Districts · Cities · Transportation
Dead Sea · Red Sea · Sea of Galilee
Mediterranean · Negev · Judea · Samaria
Je...
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Who Is A Jew?: Encyclopedia - Who Is A Jew?
Who is a Jew? (Hebrew: ?מיהו יהודי) is the name of the religious, social and political debate on the exact definition of wh...
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Cherem: Encyclopedia - Cherem
Cherem (or Herem), is the highest ecclesiastical censure in the Jewish community. It is the total exclusion of a person from the Jewish c...
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Posek: Encyclopedia - Posek
Posek (Hebrew פוסק; /poseq/ pl. Poskim) is the term in Jewish law for "legal decisor" - a rabbi who decides the Halakha in cases of l...
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Falk: Encyclopedia - Falk
Falk is a word and name cognate with the word falcon. It may refer to:
Falk Township, Minnesota, a township located in Clearwater County...
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Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia - Vilna Gaon
The Vilna Gaon (April 23, 1720 – October 9, 1797) was a prominent Jewish rabbi, Talmud scholar, and Kabbalist.
His real name was Elijah...
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Purim: Encyclopedia - Purim
Purim (פּוּרִים "Lots", Standard Hebrew Purim, Tiberian Hebrew Pûrîm: plural of פּוּר pûr "Lot", from Akkadian pūru) is...
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Circumcision In The Bible: Encyclopedia - Circumcision In The Bible
Circumcision, when practiced as a rite, has its foundations in the Bible and is therefore practiced by Jews and Muslims and some Christia...
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Yaakov Ben Moshe Levi Moelin: Encyclopedia - Yaakov Ben Moshe Levi Moelin
Rabbi Yaakov Moelin (c. 1365 - 1427) was a Talmudist and posek (authority on Jewish law) best known for his codification of the customs (...
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Yechezkel Landau: Encyclopedia - Yechezkel Landau
Rabbi Yechezkel ben Yehuda Landau (8 October 1713 – 29 April 1793) was an influential authority in halakha (Jewish law). He is best kno...
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Joseph Isaac Schneersohn: Encyclopedia Ii - Joseph Isaac Schneersohn - Early Life
Joseph Isaac Schneersohn was born in Lubavitch, Belarus (then Russian empire). He was appointed as his father's personal secretary at the...
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Yosef Karo: Encyclopedia Ii - Yosef Karo - Biography
If his birthplace was Spain, his family probably left for Portugal after the Spanish expulsion in 1492. After the expulsion of the Jews f...
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Jewish Views Of Astrology: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Views Of Astrology - Views In The Modern Era
Strictures against astrology appear in the official Torah commentary of Conservative Judaism and on the official website of Reform Judais...
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Jewish Leadership: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Leadership - Historic Leadership
Jewish leadership - Biblical leadership Before 70 CE.
See related List of Jewish Biblical figures.
During the era of the Tanakh, lead...
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Israel Bruna: Encyclopedia Ii - Israel Bruna - Biography
Rabbi Bruna was born in Brno (Bruna), Moravia. He studied under the leading Ashkenazi rabbis of his time - Jacob Weil and Israel Isserlin...
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Joshua Falk: Encyclopedia Ii - Joshua Falk - Biography
Falk was born in Lublin. He studied under two of the most prominent rabbis of his generation, Solomon Luria and Moses Isserles. He was Ro...
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Shlomo Ganzfried: Encyclopedia Ii - Shlomo Ganzfried - Works
Shlomo Ganzfried - Kitzur Shulkhan Arukh.
The Kitzur Shulkhan Arukh in effect summarises the Shulkhan Arukh of Joseph Karo with referen...
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Minyan: Encyclopedia Ii - Minyan - Laws
According to halakha (Jewish law), a minyan is required for many parts (D'varim She Ba Kodesh "Holy utterances") of the communal prayer s...
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Mishneh Torah: Encyclopedia Ii - Mishneh Torah - Opposition
Mishneh Torah - Critics and criticism.
The Mishneh Torah was strongly opposed almost as soon as it appeared. Major sources of contentio...
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Minhag: Encyclopedia Ii - Minhag - Minhag And Jewish Law
Halakha (Jewish law) as derived from the Talmud is binding upon all Jews. However, in addition to these halakhot, there have always been ...
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Lifnei Iver: Encyclopedia Ii - Lifnei Iver - Derivative Laws
Many halakhic principles are derived from this commandment. The oral law expands the ramifications of this law from its literal sense. Th...
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Isaac Luria: Encyclopedia Ii - Isaac Luria - Early Life
He was born at Jerusalem in 1534 to an Ashkenazi father and a Sephardic mother; died at Safed, Israel July 25, 1572 (5 Av 5332). While st...
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Mormonism And Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Mormonism And Judaism - Comparison Between Mormonism And Judaism
Mormonism and Judaism - Nature of God.
Although monotheism is a fundamental tenet of Judaism, the Jewish religion arose and was codifie...
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Judah Loew Ben Bezalel: Encyclopedia Ii - Judah Loew Ben Bezalel - Influence
Judah Loew ben Bezalel - Disciples.
It is unknown how many Talmudic rabbinical scholars the Maharal taught in Moravia, but the main dis...
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Intellectual Property: Encyclopedia Ii - Intellectual Property - Critique
Intellectual property - Overview.
The purposes of laws dealing with exclusive rights over intangible subject matter or the product of i...
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Business Ethics: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Ethics - Ethical Issues And Approaches
Philosophers and others disagree about the purpose of a business in society. For example, some suggest that the principal purpose of a bu...
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Halakha: Encyclopedia Ii - Halakha - The Sources And Process Of Halakha
The boundaries of Jewish law are determined through the halakhic process, a religious-ethical system of legal reasoning. Rabbis generally...
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Circumcision In The Bible: Encyclopedia Ii - Circumcision In The Bible - In Judaism
Judaism teaches that the Bible was transmitted in parallel with an oral tradition, known as the oral law. Jewish practices and beliefs, t...
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Beth Din: Encyclopedia Ii - Beth Din - Antiquity
Torah commentators point out that Jethro was the first to suggest to Moses that he divest his legal powers and delegate his power of judg...
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Beth Midrash: Encyclopedia Ii - Beth Midrash - Structure
Generally, there are either benches or chairs, and lecterns (shtenders in Yiddish), or tables, on which books are placed, and chairs for ...
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Ashkenazi Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Ashkenazi Jews - Origin Of Ashkenazim
Ashkenazi Jews - From Roman Empire to Dark Ages.
After the forced Jewish exile from Judea in 70 CE and the complete Roman takeover of J...
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Vilna Gaon: Encyclopedia Ii - Vilna Gaon - Youth And Education
Born in Vilna (now Vilnius), Lithuania, he gave evidence of the possession of extraordinary talents while still a child. As young as thre...
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History Of Responsa: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Responsa - Rishonim
With the decline of the gaonate in the first half of the eleventh century, the Jews of various countries lost the central spiritual autho...
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Hazzan: Encyclopedia Ii - Hazzan - Origin Of The Term And The Role
The term hazzan may have been borrowed from the Assyrian word "Hazanu." In the Talmud the term is used to denote the "overseer": (1) of a...
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Fast Of The Firstborn: Encyclopedia Ii - Fast Of The Firstborn - Meaning Of The Fast
In Judaism, there are essentially three potential purposes of fasting, and a combination of some or all of these could apply to any given...
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Niddah: Encyclopedia Ii - Niddah - In Practice
Niddah - Calculation of the niddah period.
The first five days begin when a woman first sees her monthly vaginal blood flow. She counts...
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Moses Isserles: Encyclopedia Ii - Moses Isserles - Biography
Rabbi Isserles was born in Kraków. His father was a prominent Talmudist, said to have been independently wealthy, and probably headed th...
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Nachman Of Breslov: Encyclopedia Ii - Nachman Of Breslov - Teachings
Rebbe Nachman was born in Mezhibuz, Ukraine, and in his short life achieved much acclaim as a teacher and spiritual leader. He was an ext...
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Ashkenazi Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Ashkenazi Jews - Origin Of Ashkenazim
Ashkenazi Jews - From Roman Empire to Dark Ages.
After the forced Jewish exile from Judea in 70 CE and the complete Roman takeover of J...
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Religious Significance Of Jerusalem: Encyclopedia Ii - Religious Significance Of Jerusalem - Jerusalem Jews And Judaism
Religious significance of Jerusalem - Jerusalem in Torah and Tanakh.
Jerusalem has long been embedded into the religious consciousness ...
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Ashkenazi Jews: Encyclopedia Ii - Ashkenazi Jews - Origin Of Ashkenazim
Ashkenazi Jews - From Roman Empire to Dark Ages.
After the forced Jewish exile from Judea in 70 CE and the complete Roman takeover of J...
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Business Ethics: Encyclopedia Ii - Business Ethics - Overview Of Issues In Business Ethics
Business ethics - General business ethics.
This part of business ethics overlaps with the philosophy of business, one of the aims of w...
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History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385.
Main article: History of Poland (966-1385)
The first Jews arrived in the t...
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David Halevi Segal: Encyclopedia Ii - David Halevi Segal - Works
Segal authored Turei Zahav (טורי זהב - "Rows of Gold"), a commentary on the codex Shulkhan Arukh. The title is a play on the simil...
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Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Semicha In The Times Of The Hebrew Bible
According to the Hebrew Bible, Moses ordained Joshua through semicha. (Num 27:22-23, Deut 34:9). Moses also ordained the 70 elders (Deut ...
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Shneur Zalman Of Liadi: Encyclopedia Ii - Shneur Zalman Of Liadi - Biography
Shneur Zalman of Liadi was a descendant of the mystic and philosopher Rabbi Judah Loew (known as the "Maharal of Prague"). He was a promi...
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Avraham Danzig: Encyclopedia Ii - Avraham Danzig - Biography
Danzig was born in Gdańsk, Poland (then known as Danzig, hence his name), into a prominent Rabbinic family. When he was fourteen his fat...
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Yosef Shalom Eliashiv: Encyclopedia Ii - Yosef Shalom Eliashiv - Policy Positions
As is somewhat typical with many Haredi political and spiritual figures, it is difficult to identify Rabbi Eliashiv's religious politics ...
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United Torah Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - United Torah Judaism - Formation Of The Party
UTJ was always a coalition of two factions:
The Degel HaTorah ("Flag of Torah") party that is guided by the rabbinic heads of Haredi Ash...
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Yeshu: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshu - Primary References To Yeshu
In 1554 the Vatican issued a papal bull censoring the Talmud and other Jewish texts, resulting in the removal of references to Yeshu. The...
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Tashlikh: Encyclopedia Ii - Tashlikh - Origin Of The Custom
Tashlikh - Maharil.
Most Jewish sources trace the custom back to Rabbi Jacob Mölin (d. 1425) in his Sefer Maharil. Some clues as to an...
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Torah Im Derech Eretz: Encyclopedia Ii - Torah Im Derech Eretz - Derech Eretz: The Way Of The Land
The phrase Torah im Derech Eretz is first found in the Mishna in Tractate Avoth (2:2): "Beautiful is the study of Torah with derech eretz...
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Intellectual Property: Encyclopedia Ii - Intellectual Property - Critique
Intellectual property - Overview.
The purposes of laws dealing with exclusive rights over intangible subject matter or the product of i...
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Jewish Polish History Origins To 1600s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History Origins To 1600s - Early Period: 966-1385
Jewish Polish history origins to 1600s - Early history.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclop...
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Yeshiva: Encyclopedia Ii - Yeshiva - Method Of Study
Studying is usually done together with a study-partner called a chavrusa (Aramaic: "friend"), or in a shiur ("lecture").
Yeshiva - Talmu...
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Timeline Of Jewish History: Encyclopedia Ii - Timeline Of Jewish History - Post Biblical-history
Timeline of Jewish history - 200 BCE to 700 CE.
200 BCE–100 CE Throughout this era the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) is gradually canonized. ...
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Yechezkel Landau: Encyclopedia Ii - Yechezkel Landau - Biography
Landau was born in Opatow, Poland, and attended yeshiva at Vladimir and Brody. In Brody, he was appointed dayan (rabbinical judge) in 173...
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History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385.
The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century...
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Who Is A Jew?: Encyclopedia Ii - Who Is A Jew? - Religious Definitions
For the most part, a Jewish identity has been seen as a religious question stemming specifically from the Torah and Tanakh (the Hebrew Bi...
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Tisha B'av: Encyclopedia Ii - Tisha B'av - Background
Tisha B'Av - The destructions.
The fast commemorates two of the saddest events in Jewish history -- the destruction of the First Temple...
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Shatnez: Encyclopedia Ii - Shatnez - Views Of Maimonides
Maimonides bases the prohibition on the general law against imitating heathen customs: "Ye shall not walk in the manners of the nation, w...
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Semicha: Encyclopedia Ii - Semicha - Post-talmudic Semicha
Semicha - The decline of classical semicha.
According to most Jewish writers on this topic, sometime during the fourth century CE, duri...
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Jonathan Eybeschutz: Encyclopedia Ii - Jonathan Eybeschutz - Biography
Eybeschutz's father was the rabbi in Ivančice (German: Eibenschütz, sometimes Eibeschutz), Moravia. On his father's death, Eybeschutz s...
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Jewish Law And History On Smoking: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Law And History On Smoking - Historical Background
Until the late 20th Century, “the use of tobacco for smoking and in the form of snuff was common among Jews, who in some countries cont...
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Modern Orthodox Judaism: Encyclopedia Ii - Modern Orthodox Judaism - Philosophy
Modern Orthodoxy comprises a fairly broad spectrum of movements each drawing on several distinct, though related, philosophies, which in ...
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Rabbi: Encyclopedia Ii - Rabbi - Becoming A Rabbi
Traditionally, a man obtains semicha ("rabbinic ordination") after the completion of an arduous learning program in the codes of Jewish l...
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Shofar: Encyclopedia Ii - Shofar - In The Bible And Rabbinic Literature
The shofar is mentioned frequently in the Hebrew Bible, from Exodus to Zechariah, and throughout the Talmud and later rabbinic literature...
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