Shōjo

Shōjo or shoujo (少女 lit. young woman) is, in western usage, a style of anime and manga intended for girls (that may have some crossover appeal to boys as well). Typically, "pure shōjo" manga revolves around love stories and strong female protagonists; however, some shōjo anime and manga are more plot or action-oriented to attract a wider audience. For instance, a lot of older salarymen were drawn to a manga called Banana Fish for its hard-edged yakuza action (which is more often found in seinen manga). What kept female audiences interested in this work was a gentle relationship between two g ...

Including:

• Shōjo - List of shōjo anime and manga

Read more here: » Shōjo: Encyclopedia - Shōjo

Anime - History. The history of anime begins at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques that were being explored in the West. During the 1970s, anime developed further, separating itself from its Western roots, and developing unique genres such as mecha. In the 1980s, anime was accepted in the mainstream in Japan, and experienced a boom in production. The 1990s and 2000s saw an increased acceptance of anime in overseas market ...

Including:

• Anime - History
• Anime - Terminology
• Anime - Pronunciation
• Anime - Spelling
• Anime - Syntax
• Anime - Synonyms
• Anime - Characteristics
• Anime - Target audience
• Anime - Genres
• Anime - Music
• Anime - Animation style
• Anime - Production types of anime
• Anime - Franchising
• Anime - Licensing and distribution
• Anime - Fansubs
• Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia - Anime

A girl is a young female human, as opposed to a boy, a young male human. The age at which a female person transitions from girl to woman varies in different societies, typically the transition from adolescence to maturity is taken to occur in the late teens. The English word from 1290 designated a child of either sex. During the 14th century its sense was narrowed to specifically female children. Subsequently, it was extended to refer also to mature but unmarried young women since the 1530s. Usage in the sense of (romant ...

Including:

• Girl - Demographics
• Girl - Gender roles
• Girl - Etymology
• Girl - Usage
• Girl - Art and literature
• Girl - Popular culture

Read more here: » Girl: Encyclopedia - Girl

Anime features a wide variety of artistic styles which vary from artist to artist and is characterized by stark, colorful graphics and stylized, colorful images depicting vibrant characters in a variety of different settings and storylines, aimed at a wide range of audiences. Anime - Genres. Anime has many genres, with as many as traditional, live action cinema. Such genres include adventure, science fiction, children's stories, romance, medieval fantasy, erotica (h ...

See also:

Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - Characteristics

List of manga magazines - Alternative magazines. Ax Comics Cue COM (now defunct) Erotics F Garo (now defunct) List of manga magazines - Josei magazines. CUTIE Be-Love Feel Young Judi You Young Rose Young You (now defunct) List of manga magazines ...

See also:

List of manga magazines, List of manga magazines - Japanese magazines, List of manga magazines - Alternative magazines, List of manga magazines - Josei magazines, List of manga magazines - Kodomo magazines, List of manga magazines - Seinen magazines, List of manga magazines - Shōnen magazines, List of manga magazines - Shōjo magazines, List of manga magazines - Special interest magazines, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in the United States, List of manga magazines - Manga Anthologies, List of manga magazines - Other magazines that have published manga, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in Germany, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in Denmark, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in Norway, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in Sweden, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in Indonesia, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in Australia, List of manga magazines - Magazines published in the United Kingdom

Read more here: » List of manga magazines: Encyclopedia II - List of manga magazines - Japanese magazines

Literally translated, manga means "random (or whimsical) pictures". The word first came into common usage after the publication of the 19th century Hokusai Manga, containing assorted drawings from the sketchbook of the famous ukiyo-e artist Hokusai. However, gi-ga (lit. "funny pictures") drawn in the 12th century by various artists contain many manga-like qualities such as emphasis on ...

See also:

Manga, Manga - Origins, Manga - Manga format, Manga - Manga outside Japan, Manga - The manga style, Manga - International influence, Manga - Off the main path, Manga - Types of manga, Manga - By target audience, Manga - Genres, Manga - Popular shōnen manga series, Manga - Popular shōjo manga series, Manga - Popular seinen manga series, Manga - Distributors of manga, Manga - Major Japanese distributors, Manga - Major English-language distributors, Manga - Other English-language distributors, Manga - Major Chinese-language distributors, Manga - Major French-language distributors, Manga - Major German-language distributors, Manga - Major Indonesian-language distributors, Manga - Major Spanish-language distributors, Manga - Major Italian-language distributors, Manga - Major Polish language distributors, Manga - Major Brazilian Portuguese-language distributors, Manga - Major Vietnamese-language distributors, Manga - Major Malay-language distributors, Manga - List of manga magazines, Manga - Language notes

Read more here: » Manga: Encyclopedia II - Manga - Origins

In almost all cultures, girls have been socialized into gender roles. Girls have traditionally been associated with playing with dolls and toy cooking and cleaning equipment, while boys have been associated with toys and games that require more physical activity or simulated violence, such as toy trucks, balls, and toy guns. Girls are less often encouraged to pursue sports, with the exception of those that might be considered "feminine," such as figure skating or gymnastics; or those considered "gender-neutral," such as tennis.See also:

Girl, Girl - Demographics, Girl - Gender roles, Girl - Etymology, Girl - Usage, Girl - Art and literature, Girl - Popular culture

Read more here: » Girl: Encyclopedia II - Girl - Gender roles

Please note that titles listed in this section can fit into other categories on this page. However, they were placed here as they exemplify the traits found in typical "shōjo" anime. Ribbon No Kishi (1967), Osamu Tezuka Aim for the Ace! (1973), Sumika Yamamoto Candy Candy (1974), Kyoko Mizuki Sailor Moon (1992), Naoko Takeuchi Kodocha (Kodomo no Omocha) (1996), Miho Obana Cardcaptor Sakura (English anime is known as Cardcaptors) (1998), CLAMP Fruits Basket (2001), Studio ...

See also:

Notable anime, Notable anime - Contemporary classics, Notable anime - Comedy anime, Notable anime - Drama anime, Notable anime - Fantasy anime, Notable anime - Groundbreaking anime, Notable anime - Harem anime, Notable anime - Horror anime, Notable anime - Kodomo children's anime, Notable anime - Giant Robot Mecha anime, Notable anime - Romance anime, Notable anime - Samurai-era anime, Notable anime - Science Fiction anime, Notable anime - Shōjo anime, Notable anime - Shōnen anime, Notable anime - Space opera anime, Notable anime - Sports anime, Notable anime - Studio Ghibli anime

Read more here: » Notable anime: Encyclopedia II - Notable anime - Shōjo anime

Anime features a wide variety of artistic styles which vary from artist to artist. Anime also features a large number of genres as well--at least as many as traditional cinema. This is an important contrast to most western-produced animation. While most western animated titles are made expressly for younger children, anime has a significantly broader range of appeal. While some anime is made expressly for young children, most titles are targeted towards a young adult or older audience. ...

See also:

Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Target audience, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - Characteristics

Because nouns in Japanese don't change based on pluralization, manga is the form for both plural and singular. It is also commonly called コミック(komikku, from comic) in Japanese. Mangaka (漫画家) is the corresponding Japanese word for a manga author/artist. ...

See also:

Manga, Manga - Origins, Manga - Manga format, Manga - Manga outside Japan, Manga - The manga style, Manga - International influence, Manga - Off the main path, Manga - Types of manga, Manga - By target audience, Manga - Genres, Manga - Popular shōnen manga series, Manga - Popular shōjo manga series, Manga - Popular seinen manga series, Manga - Distributors of manga, Manga - Major Japanese distributors, Manga - Major English-language distributors, Manga - Other English-language distributors, Manga - Major Chinese-language distributors, Manga - Major French-language distributors, Manga - Major German-language distributors, Manga - Major Indonesian-language distributors, Manga - Major Spanish-language distributors, Manga - Major Italian-language distributors, Manga - Major Polish language distributors, Manga - Major Brazilian Portuguese-language distributors, Manga - Major Vietnamese-language distributors, Manga - Major Malay-language distributors, Manga - List of manga magazines, Manga - Language notes

Read more here: » Manga: Encyclopedia II - Manga - Language notes

The drawing style used in anime is counter productive to the animation process, having far too many details and subsequently making it difficult to keep the number of drawings comparable to other cartoons with design ethics that stress simplicity. This may be due to a philosophy of applying more effort into a each of a few drawings than less effort into one of many. Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified many Disney animation precepts to reduce the budget costs and number of frames in the production, though it should be noted that Disney ...

See also:

Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - Animation style

Manga - Major Japanese distributors. Akita Publishing Co., Ltd. Chuokoron Shinsha Hakusensha Kadokawa Shoten Hayakawa Publishing Kodansha Shodensha Shogakukan Shonen Gahosha Shueisha Manga - Major English-language distributors. ADV Manga CMX (an imprint of American comic book company DC Comics) CPM Manga Dark Horse Comics Del Rey Manga DrMaster TOKYOPO ...

See also:

Manga, Manga - Origins, Manga - Manga format, Manga - Manga outside Japan, Manga - The manga style, Manga - International influence, Manga - Off the main path, Manga - Types of manga, Manga - By target audience, Manga - Genres, Manga - Popular shōnen manga series, Manga - Popular shōjo manga series, Manga - Popular seinen manga series, Manga - Distributors of manga, Manga - Major Japanese distributors, Manga - Major English-language distributors, Manga - Other English-language distributors, Manga - Major Chinese-language distributors, Manga - Major French-language distributors, Manga - Major German-language distributors, Manga - Major Indonesian-language distributors, Manga - Major Spanish-language distributors, Manga - Major Italian-language distributors, Manga - Major Polish language distributors, Manga - Major Brazilian Portuguese-language distributors, Manga - Major Vietnamese-language distributors, Manga - Major Malay-language distributors, Manga - List of manga magazines, Manga - Language notes

Read more here: » Manga: Encyclopedia II - Manga - Distributors of manga

Many of these genres apply equally well to anime (which very often includes adaptations of manga) and Japanese computer games (some of which are also adaptations of manga). Manga - By target audience. Josei (or redikomi) women Kodomo children Seinen men Shōjo young and teenage girls S ...

See also:

Manga, Manga - Origins, Manga - Manga format, Manga - Manga outside Japan, Manga - The manga style, Manga - International influence, Manga - Off the main path, Manga - Types of manga, Manga - By target audience, Manga - Genres, Manga - Popular shōnen manga series, Manga - Popular shōjo manga series, Manga - Popular seinen manga series, Manga - Distributors of manga, Manga - Major Japanese distributors, Manga - Major English-language distributors, Manga - Other English-language distributors, Manga - Major Chinese-language distributors, Manga - Major French-language distributors, Manga - Major German-language distributors, Manga - Major Indonesian-language distributors, Manga - Major Spanish-language distributors, Manga - Major Italian-language distributors, Manga - Major Polish language distributors, Manga - Major Brazilian Portuguese-language distributors, Manga - Major Vietnamese-language distributors, Manga - Major Malay-language distributors, Manga - List of manga magazines, Manga - Language notes

Read more here: » Manga: Encyclopedia II - Manga - Types of manga

Anime is available outside of Japan in localized form, referred to as licensed anime or Dubs. Licensed anime is modified by western distributors through dubbing into the language of the country. The anime may also be edited to alter cultural references that may not be understood by a non-Japanese person and companies may remove what may be perceived as objectionable content. For the fans who may object to the editing and dubbing of anime, DVDs may be their preference. DVD releases often include both the dubbed audio and the original Japanese audio with subtitles, are typically unedited, and lack commer ...

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Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - Licensing and distribution

Most anime can be categorized as one of three types: Films, which are generally released in theaters, represent the highest budgets and generally the highest video quality. Popular anime movies include Akira, and Spirited Away. Some anime films are only released at film or animation festivals and are shorter and sometimes lower in production values. Some examples of these are Winter Days, and Osamu Tezuka's Legend of the Forest. Other types of films include compilation movies, which are televis ...

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Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - Production types of anime

Some manga artists will produce extra, sometimes unrelated material, which are known as omake (lit. "bonus" or "extra"). They might also publish their unfinished drawings or sketches, known as oekaki (lit. "sketches"). Unofficial fan made comics are called dōjinshi. Some dōjinshi continue with a series' story or write an entirely new one using its characters, much like fan fiction. In addition other dōjinshi is produced by small amateur publishers outside of the mainstream commercial market in a similar fashion ...

See also:

Manga, Manga - Origins, Manga - Manga format, Manga - Manga outside Japan, Manga - The manga style, Manga - International influence, Manga - Off the main path, Manga - Types of manga, Manga - By target audience, Manga - Genres, Manga - Popular shōnen manga series, Manga - Popular shōjo manga series, Manga - Popular seinen manga series, Manga - Distributors of manga, Manga - Major Japanese distributors, Manga - Major English-language distributors, Manga - Other English-language distributors, Manga - Major Chinese-language distributors, Manga - Major French-language distributors, Manga - Major German-language distributors, Manga - Major Indonesian-language distributors, Manga - Major Spanish-language distributors, Manga - Major Italian-language distributors, Manga - Major Polish language distributors, Manga - Major Brazilian Portuguese-language distributors, Manga - Major Vietnamese-language distributors, Manga - Major Malay-language distributors, Manga - List of manga magazines, Manga - Language notes

Read more here: » Manga: Encyclopedia II - Manga - Off the main path

The Japanese term for animation is アニメーション (animēshon, pronounced: /ɑnimɛːʃɔn/), written in katakana. It is a direct transliteration of the English term "animation." The Japanese term is abbreviated as アニメ (anime, pronounced: /ɑnimɛ/ ). Both the original and abbreviated forms are valid and interchangeable in Japanese, but as could be expected the abbreviated form is more commonly used. The term is a broad one, and does not specify an animation's nation of origin or style. See also:

Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - Terminology

Main article: History of anime The history of anime begins at the start of the 20th century, when Japanese filmmakers experimented with the animation techniques that were being explored in the West. During the 1970s, anime developed further, separating itself from its Western roots, and developing unique genres such as mecha. In the 1980s, anime was accepted in the mainstream in Japan, and experienced a boom in production. The 1990s and 2000s saw an increased accepta ...

See also:

Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - History

The drawing style used in anime is counter productive to the animation process, having far too many details and subsequently making it difficult to keep the number of drawings comparable to other cartoons with design ethics that stress simplicity. This may be due to a philosophy of applying more effort into each of a few drawings than less effort into one of many. Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified many Disney animation precepts to reduce the budget costs and number of frames in the production, though it should be noted that Disney f ...

See also:

Anime, Anime - History, Anime - Terminology, Anime - Pronunciation, Anime - Spelling, Anime - Syntax, Anime - Synonyms, Anime - Characteristics, Anime - Genres, Anime - Music, Anime - Animation style, Anime - Production types of anime, Anime - Franchising, Anime - Licensing and distribution, Anime - Fansubs, Anime - Notes

Read more here: » Anime: Encyclopedia II - Anime - Animation style

Manga magazines usually have many series running concurrently with approximately 20–40 pages allocated to each series per issue. These manga magazines, or "anthology magazines", as they are also known, are usually printed on low-quality newsprint and can be anywhere from 200 to more than 850 pages long. Manga magazines also contain one-shot comics and various four-panel yonkoma (equivalent to comic strips). Manga series can run for many years if they are successful. Manga artists sometimes start out with a few "one-shot" manga projects just to try to get their name out. If these are successful and rec ...

See also:

Manga, Manga - Origins, Manga - Manga format, Manga - Manga outside Japan, Manga - The manga style, Manga - International influence, Manga - Off the main path, Manga - Types of manga, Manga - By target audience, Manga - Genres, Manga - Popular shōnen manga series, Manga - Popular shōjo manga series, Manga - Popular seinen manga series, Manga - Distributors of manga, Manga - Major Japanese distributors, Manga - Major English-language distributors, Manga - Other English-language distributors, Manga - Major Chinese-language distributors, Manga - Major French-language distributors, Manga - Major German-language distributors, Manga - Major Indonesian-language distributors, Manga - Major Spanish-language distributors, Manga - Major Italian-language distributors, Manga - Major Polish language distributors, Manga - Major Brazilian Portuguese-language distributors, Manga - Major Vietnamese-language distributors, Manga - Major Malay-language distributors, Manga - List of manga magazines, Manga - Language notes

Read more here: » Manga: Encyclopedia II - Manga - Manga format