LFSRs have long been used as a pseudo-random number generator for use in stream ciphers (especially in military cryptography), due to the ease of construction from simple electromechanical or electronic circuits, long periods, and very uniformly distributed outputs. However the outputs of LFSRs are completely linear, leading to fairly easy cryptanalysis. Three general methods are employed to reduce this problem in LFSR based stream ciphers Non-linear combination of several bits from the LFSR state; Non-linear combination of the outputs o ...

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Linear feedback shift register, Linear feedback shift register - How it works, Linear feedback shift register - Output Stream Properties, Linear feedback shift register - Applications, Linear feedback shift register - A drop in replacement for Gray Code counters, Linear feedback shift register - Galois LFSRs, Linear feedback shift register - Uses in cryptography, Linear feedback shift register - Uses in digital broadcasting

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The scattering of electromagnetic radiation whether from charged elementary particles, from particulates, or from fluctuations in a dielectric medium can cause shifts in the wavelength and frequency of the waves which are sometimes referred to informally as redshifts and blueshifts. The electromagnetic interaction of the photons with intervening matter distinguishes scattering redshift from the vacuum effects discussed above. In many circumstances redshifts predominate because entropy results in the predominance of many low energy pho ...

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Redshift, Redshift - The relative change in wavelength z, Redshift - Shifts in vacuum, Redshift - Doppler effect, Redshift - Expansion of space, Redshift - Relativistic effects, Redshift - Shifts due to scattering, Redshift - Observations in astronomy, Redshift - Local observations, Redshift - Extragalactic observations

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The effects of the shift are most obvious for the non-specialist when we compare Modern German lexemes containing shifted consonants with their Modern English or Dutch unshifted equivalents. The following overview table is arranged according to the original Proto-Indo-European phonemes. (G=Grimm's law; V=Verner's law) (Notes: 1 Kopf originally meant "cup", but in Modern German means "head". 2 Old High German scarph, Middle High German scharpf. 3 Old High German ezzen, daz, ūzSee also:

High German consonant shift, High German consonant shift - General description, High German consonant shift - Overview table, High German consonant shift - The four phases in detail, High German consonant shift - Phase 1, High German consonant shift - Phase 2, High German consonant shift - Phase 3, High German consonant shift - Phase 4, High German consonant shift - Chronology, High German consonant shift - Geographical distribution, High German consonant shift - East Germanic hypotheses, High German consonant shift - Sample texts, High German consonant shift - Sources

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Xerox shifted its business model in the 1970s and 1980s as patent expiry removed exclusivity from their copier technology, and diversification plans largely did not succeed. Many technologies developed largely by PARC were ignored by Xerox and made their way into other companies' products—for instance, Ethernet, the WIMP interface, and personal computers. Plans to enter the computer market were destroyed by bad timing (for example, releasing an 8-bit CP/M based system, the Xerox 820, just as IBM readied its more advanced PC). Another promi ...

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Xerox, Xerox - Business model shifts, Xerox - Office paper, Xerox - Accounting irregularities, Xerox - Corporate structure, Xerox - Diversity, Xerox - Trademark issues

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The 20th century has witnessed the rise of many new professionals in fields such as medicine, science, education and politics. Amateurs and their sometimes ramshackle organizations were driven out by people who knew what they were doing and had certificates to prove it. This historic shift is now reversing with Pro-Ams: people who pursue amateur activities to professional standards are increasingly an important part of the society and economy of developed nations. Their leisure is not passive but active and participatory. Their contri ...

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Professional amateurs, Professional amateurs - Historical shift, Professional amateurs - Pro-Am Revolution, Professional amateurs - Reference

Read more here: » Professional amateurs: Encyclopedia II - Professional amateurs - Historical shift

The baseband signal is generated by first transforming the zero/one encoded bits into -1/+1 encoded bits. This -1/+1 signal is then filtered in such a way that the "boxcar" shaped +1/-1 pulses are transformed into Gaussian-shaped signals. The baseband signal is then modulated using frequency modulation, producing a complete GMSK signal. If the Gaussian shapes do not overlap, then the modulation form is called 1-GMSK. If the slots ...

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Gaussian minimum shift keying, Gaussian minimum shift keying - How it works, Gaussian minimum shift keying - Spectral efficiency

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The shifted Legendre polynomials are defined as being orthogonal on the unit interval [0,1] An explicit expression for these polynomials is given by The analogue of Rodrigues' formula for the shifted Legendre polynomials is: The first few shifted Legendre polynomials are: ...

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Legendre polynomials, Legendre polynomials - Shifted Legendre polynomials, Legendre polynomials - Legendre polynomials of fractional order

Read more here: » Legendre polynomials: Encyclopedia II - Legendre polynomials - Shifted Legendre polynomials

Originally, Canadian conservatism tended to be loyalist and traditionalist. Conservative governments in Canada, such as those of Sir John A. Macdonald, Sir Robert Borden, Richard Bennett, and John Diefenbaker were known for the creation of government-operated businesses (early Crown Corporations such as the Canadian National Railway) to develop and protect Canadian industries, protectionist programs such as the National Policy, and even social benefits such as pensions and the beginnings of Universal Health Care. Canadian conservatism thus m ...

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Canadian Conservatism, Canadian Conservatism - Major historical Parties, Canadian Conservatism - Shifting views, Canadian Conservatism - Canadian Conservative parties, Canadian Conservatism - Federal, Canadian Conservatism - Provincial, Canadian Conservatism - Conservative Prime Ministers

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The longitude and latitude lines on the two datums are the same in the Archangel region of north-west Russia. As one moves westwards across Europe, the longitude lines on ED50 gradually become further west than their WGS84 equivalents, and are around 100 metres west in Spain and Portugal. Moving southwards, the latitude lines on ED50 gradually become further south than the WGS84 lines, and are around 100 m south in the Mediterranean Sea. (NB. If the lines are further west, the longitude value of any given point becomes more easterly. Similarly, if the < ...

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ED50, ED50 - Datum shift between ED50 and WGS84

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Owing to PSK's simplicity, particularly when compared with its competitor quadrature amplitude modulation, it is widely used in existing technologies. The most popular wireless LAN standard, IEEE 802.11b[1][2]See also:

Phase-shift keying, Phase-shift keying - Introduction, Phase-shift keying - Ideal structure, Phase-shift keying - Transmitter, Phase-shift keying - Receiver, Phase-shift keying - Definitions, Phase-shift keying - Applications, Phase-shift keying - Binary Phase-shift Keying BPSK, Phase-shift keying - Implementation, Phase-shift keying - Quadrature Phase-shift Keying QPSK, Phase-shift keying - Implementation, Phase-shift keying - QPSK signal in the time domain, Phase-shift keying - Offset QPSK OQPSK, Phase-shift keying - π / 4–QPSK, Phase-shift keying - Higher-order PSK, Phase-shift keying - Differential Encoding, Phase-shift keying - Example: Differentially encoded BPSK, Phase-shift keying - Differential Phase-shift Keying DPSK, Phase-shift keying - Notes

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Some applications need to mark individual locations along a certain distance with unique values. For example, most tape measures mark each inch or centimeter with a unique number using the decimal numeral system. When computer index or framing locations need to be machine-readable, they are often marked using a LFSR sequence, because LFSR counters are simpler and faster than any other kind of binary counter. LFSRs are faster than the natural binary counters or Gray code counters. Given an output se ...

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Linear feedback shift register, Linear feedback shift register - How it works, Linear feedback shift register - Output Stream Properties, Linear feedback shift register - Applications, Linear feedback shift register - A drop in replacement for Gray Code counters, Linear feedback shift register - Galois LFSRs, Linear feedback shift register - Uses in cryptography, Linear feedback shift register - Uses in digital broadcasting

Read more here: » Linear feedback shift register: Encyclopedia II - Linear feedback shift register - A drop in replacement for Gray Code counters

Perhaps the most striking feature of chaos magic is the concept of the magical paradigm shift. Borrowing a term from philosopher Thomas Kuhn, Carroll made the technique of arbitrarily changing one's model (or paradigm) of magic a major concept of chaos magic. An example of a magical paradigm shift is doing a Lovecraftian rite, followed by using a technique from an Edred Thorsson book in the following ritual. These two magical paradigms are very different, but while the chaote is using one, he believes in it fully to the extent of ignoring al ...

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Chaos magic, Chaos magic - Pre-History, Chaos magic - History, Chaos magic - Magical paradigm shifting, Chaos magic - The Gnostic state, Chaos magic - Chaos magicians, Chaos magic - Symbols and deities, Chaos magic - In pop culture

Read more here: » Chaos magic: Encyclopedia II - Chaos magic - Magical paradigm shifting

Perhaps the most striking feature of chaos magick is the concept of the magical paradigm shift. Borrowing a term from philosopher Thomas Kuhn, Carroll made the technique of arbitrarily changing one's model (or paradigm) of magick a major concept of chaos magick. An example of a magical paradigm shift is doing a Lovecraftian rite, followed by using a technique from an Edred Thorsson book in the following ritual. These two magical paradigms are very different, but while the chaote is using one, he believes in it fully to the extent of ignoring ...

See also:

Chaos magic, Chaos magic - Pre-History, Chaos magic - History, Chaos magic - Magical paradigm shifting, Chaos magic - The Gnostic state, Chaos magic - Chaos magicians, Chaos magic - Symbols and deities, Chaos magic - In pop culture

Read more here: » Chaos magic: Encyclopedia II - Chaos magic - Magical paradigm shifting

Although there are several patterns of behavior, the most significant one seems to be in regime shifts between "warm" and "cool" patterns which last 20 to 30 years. 1750: PDO displays an unusually strong oscillation. 1905: After a strong swing, PDO changed to a "warm" phase. 1946: PDO changed to a "cool" phase. 1977: PDO changed to a "warm" phase. 1998: PDO index showed several years of "c ...

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Pacific decadal oscillation, Pacific decadal oscillation - Regime shifts, Pacific decadal oscillation - Related patterns

Read more here: » Pacific decadal oscillation: Encyclopedia II - Pacific decadal oscillation - Regime shifts

Such demographic shifts in the majority population can have a profound, if unpredictable, political and social impact. For instance, a growing minority population in a state almost equally split between whites and non-whites can accelerate the process of becoming a minority-majority state faster than one might imagine, as the White majority may emigrate to other states or territories in large numbers as more people become uncomfortable with their inevitable "reverse minority" status. As a result, states with a minority population of roughly 35% or 40% are likely to become ma ...

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Majority-minority state, Majority-minority state - Projections, Majority-minority state - Impact of demographic shifts, Majority-minority state - External factors

Read more here: » Majority-minority state: Encyclopedia II - Majority-minority state - Impact of demographic shifts

When the suppliers' costs change the supply curve will shift. For example, assume that someone invents a better way of growing wheat so that the amount of wheat that can be grown for a given cost will increase. Producers will be willing to supply more wheat at every price and this shifts the supply curve S0 to the right, to S1—an increase in supply. This causes the equilibrium price to decrease from P0 to P1. The equilibrium quantity increases from Q0 to Q1 as the quantity demanded increases at the new lower prices. Notice that in the case of a supply curve shift ...

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Supply and demand, Supply and demand - Demand, Supply and demand - Supply, Supply and demand - Simple supply and demand curves, Supply and demand - Effects of being away from the equilibrium point, Supply and demand - Demand curve shifts, Supply and demand - Supply curve shifts, Supply and demand - Market clearance, Supply and demand - Elasticity, Supply and demand - Vertical supply curve, Supply and demand - Other market forms, Supply and demand - An example: Supply and demand in a 6-person economy, Supply and demand - Decision making, Supply and demand - History of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Criticism of Marshall's theory of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Special cases of a supply curve, Supply and demand - External link and references

Read more here: » Supply and demand: Encyclopedia II - Supply and demand - Supply curve shifts

When the suppliers' costs change the supply curve will shift. For example, assume that someone invents a better way of growing wheat so that the amount of wheat that can be grown for a given cost will increase. Producers will be willing to supply more wheat at every price and this shifts the supply curve S0 to the right, to S1—an increase in supply. This causes the equilibrium price to decrease from P0 to P1. The equilibrium quantity increases from Q0 to Q1 as the quantity demanded increases at the new lower prices. Notice that in the case of a supply curve shift ...

See also:

Supply and demand, Supply and demand - Demand, Supply and demand - Supply, Supply and demand - Simple supply and demand curves, Supply and demand - Effects of being away from the equilibrium point, Supply and demand - Demand curve shifts, Supply and demand - Supply curve shifts, Supply and demand - Market clearance, Supply and demand - Elasticity, Supply and demand - Vertical supply curve, Supply and demand - Other market forms, Supply and demand - An example: Supply and demand in a 6-person economy, Supply and demand - Decision making, Supply and demand - History of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Criticism of Marshall's theory of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Special cases of a supply curve, Supply and demand - Special cases of a demand curve, Supply and demand - Empirical estimation, Supply and demand - External link and references

Read more here: » Supply and demand: Encyclopedia II - Supply and demand - Supply curve shifts

Thomas Kuhn, an American historian of science, has proven very influential in the philosophy of science, and is often connected with what has been called postpositivism or postempiricism. In his 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Kuhn divided the process of doing science into two different endeavors, which he called normal science and extraordinary science (which he sometimes also called revolutionary science). The process of "normal" science is what most scientists do while working within the curr ...

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Demarcation problem, Demarcation problem - Science and religion part ways, Demarcation problem - Logical Positivism, Demarcation problem - Falsificationism, Demarcation problem - Kuhn and paradigm shifts, Demarcation problem - Feyerabend and the problem of autonomy in science, Demarcation problem - Conclusion

Read more here: » Demarcation problem: Encyclopedia II - Demarcation problem - Kuhn and paradigm shifts

In late May, 2001, Scarborough announced his resignation from Congress citing family and professional reasons. In the October 2003 issue of Vanity Fair, James Wolcott wrote that Scarborough resigned "prematurely and unexpectedly" and "amid rumors about his marital infidelity". Scarborough is the author of the book Rome Wasn't Burnt in a Day (ISBN 0060749849), published in 2004. In the book, Scarborough reflects on his experiences as a young congressman attempting to reduce government spending during the cooperative Clinton administration years. Scarborough criticizes both political parties ...

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Joe Scarborough, Joe Scarborough - Early life and education, Joe Scarborough - Congressional career, Joe Scarborough - Lori Klausutis, Joe Scarborough - Career shift to journalism, Joe Scarborough - Family, Joe Scarborough - A Possible Return to Politics?, Joe Scarborough - Trivia

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When more people want something, the quantity demanded at all prices will tend to increase. This can be referred to as an increase in demand. The increase in demand could also come from changing tastes, where the same consumers desire more of the same good than they previously did. Increased demand can be represented on the graph as the curve being shifted right, because at each price point, a greater quantity is demanded. An example of this would be more people suddenly wanting more coffee. This will cause the demand curve to shift f ...

See also:

Supply and demand, Supply and demand - Demand, Supply and demand - Supply, Supply and demand - Simple supply and demand curves, Supply and demand - Effects of being away from the equilibrium point, Supply and demand - Demand curve shifts, Supply and demand - Supply curve shifts, Supply and demand - Market clearance, Supply and demand - Elasticity, Supply and demand - Vertical supply curve, Supply and demand - Other market forms, Supply and demand - An example: Supply and demand in a 6-person economy, Supply and demand - Decision making, Supply and demand - History of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Criticism of Marshall's theory of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Special cases of a supply curve, Supply and demand - External link and references

Read more here: » Supply and demand: Encyclopedia II - Supply and demand - Demand curve shifts

When more people want something, the quantity demanded at all prices will tend to increase. This can be referred to as an increase in demand. The increase in demand could also come from changing tastes, where the same consumers desire more of the same good than they previously did. Increased demand can be represented on the graph as the curve being shifted right, because at each price point, a greater quantity is demanded. An example of this would be more people suddenly wanting more coffee. This will cause the demand curve to shift f ...

See also:

Supply and demand, Supply and demand - Demand, Supply and demand - Supply, Supply and demand - Simple supply and demand curves, Supply and demand - Effects of being away from the equilibrium point, Supply and demand - Demand curve shifts, Supply and demand - Supply curve shifts, Supply and demand - Market clearance, Supply and demand - Elasticity, Supply and demand - Vertical supply curve, Supply and demand - Other market forms, Supply and demand - An example: Supply and demand in a 6-person economy, Supply and demand - Decision making, Supply and demand - History of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Criticism of Marshall's theory of supply and demand, Supply and demand - Special cases of a supply curve, Supply and demand - Special cases of a demand curve, Supply and demand - Empirical estimation, Supply and demand - External link and references

Read more here: » Supply and demand: Encyclopedia II - Supply and demand - Demand curve shifts

As noted above, it is possible for the profit maximizing output level to occur in any of the three stages. If profit maximization occurs in either stage 1 or stage 3, the firm will be operating at a technically inefficient point on its production function. In the short run it can try to alter demand by changing the price of the output or adjusting the level of promotional expenditure. In the long run the firm has more options available to it, most notably, adjusting its production processes so they better match the characteristics of demand. ...

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Production function, Production function - The production function as an equation, Production function - The production function as a graph, Production function - The stages of production, Production function - Shifting a production function, Production function - Homogeneous and homothetic production functions, Production function - Aggregate production functions, Production function - Criticisms of production functions

Read more here: » Production function: Encyclopedia II - Production function - Shifting a production function