Shafi'i

The Shafi`i school of jurisprudence assigns authority to four sources of jurisprudence, also known as the usul al-fiqh. The usul al-fiqh are, in hierarchical order, the Qur'an (Koran), the sunnah of the Prophet, ijma' (consensus), and qiyas. The Shafi ' i school also refers to the opinions of the Prophet's companions (mostly Al-Khulafa Ar-Rashidun, the first four caliphs accepted by Sunni Muslims). The school, based on ash-Shafi'i's books al-Risala fi Usul al-Fiqh and Kitab Al-Umm, emphasizes the use of proper instibat (derivation of laws) through the rigorous use of legal principles, as ...

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Shafi'i, Shafi'i - Principles, Shafi'i - History, Shafi'i - Importance of the Shafi`i school, Shafi'i - Famous followers of this school

Read more here: » Shafi'i: Encyclopedia II - Shafi'i - Principles

Ja'fari jurisprudence - Uncontroversial fields. Ja'fari Islamic banking Ja'fari jurisprudence - Controversial fields. This are the fields of the Ja'fari jurisprudence that are controversial among Muslims. Nikah Mut'ah Taqiya Guardianship of the jurists (doctrine) ...

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Ja'fari jurisprudence, Ja'fari jurisprudence - Sub-articles, Ja'fari jurisprudence - Uncontroversial fields, Ja'fari jurisprudence - Controversial fields

Read more here: » Ja'fari jurisprudence: Encyclopedia II - Ja'fari jurisprudence - Sub-articles

Apostasy in Islam (ارتداد, Irtidād) is the rejection of Islam by some means. Spoken or written renunciation of Islam is apostasy, however, displayed disloyalty or blasphemous acts can also be deemed apostasy. The concept has parallels in some other religious systems, particularly monotheistic ones such as Christianity. There is no definition and consequent punishment that spans all Islamic views. The concept of how to deal with apostasy in Islamic theocracies is traditionally a matter of hadd under sharia l ...

Including:

• Apostasy in Islam - According to Quran
• Apostasy in Islam - According to Hadith
• Apostasy in Islam - According to Tafsir
• Apostasy in Islam - According to Critics
• Apostasy in Islam - What Constitutes Apostasy in Islam
• Apostasy in Islam - Regarding Monotheism and Polytheism
• Apostasy in Islam - Regarding Prophethood
• Apostasy in Islam - Regarding Beliefs
• Apostasy in Islam - Death penalty for apostasy
• Apostasy in Islam - Reasons for the death penalty
• Apostasy in Islam - Notable ex-Muslims

Read more here: » Apostasy in Islam: Encyclopedia - Apostasy in Islam

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politi ...

Including:

• Sharia - Etymology
• Sharia - General
• Sharia - History and Background
• Sharia - Sections of Sharia law
• Sharia - Contemporary Practice of Sharia Law
• Sharia - Dietary laws
• Sharia - The role of women under Sharia
• Sharia - Dress code
• Sharia - Domestic justice
• Sharia - Circumcision
• Sharia - Muslim apostates
• Sharia - Freedom of Speech

Read more here: » Sharia: Encyclopedia - Sharia

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politica ...

Including:

• Wudu - Islamic Law on Wudu

Read more here: » Wudu: Encyclopedia - Wudu

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam
Including:

• Women in Islam - Right to work
• Women in Islam - Marriage
• Women in Islam - Divorce
• Women in Islam - Women as clergy and religious scholars
• Women in Islam - As national leaders
• Women in Islam - Right to vote
• Women in Islam - Clothing
• Women in Islam - Domestic violence
• Women in Islam - How severe a beating?
• Women in Islam - Domestic violence among Muslims
• Women in Islam - Legal status
• Women in Islam - Honor killings
• Women in Islam - Women as prisoners of war or as slaves
• Women in Islam - The effect of Islamism
• Women in Islam - Taliban
• Women in Islam - The effect of feminism on Islam

Read more here: » Women in Islam: Encyclopedia - Women in Islam

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politic ...

Including:

• Islam - Etymology
• Islam - Beliefs
• Islam - Six articles of belief
• Islam - The tenets of Islam
• Islam - God
• Islam - The Qur'an
• Islam - Islamic eschatology
• Islam - Other beliefs
• Islam - Organization
• Islam - Religious authority
• Islam - Islamic law
• Islam - Islamic calendar
• Islam - Schools denominations
• Islam - Religions based on Islam
• Islam - Islam and other religions
• Islam - History
• Islam - Contemporary Islam
• Islam - The demographics of Islam today
• Islam - Symbols of Islam
• Islam - Notes

Read more here: » Islam: Encyclopedia - Islam

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam Politica ...

Including:

• Fiqh - Etymology
• Fiqh - Fields of jurisprudence
• Fiqh - Methodologies of jurisprudence
• Fiqh - The four schools
• Fiqh - Ja'fari jurisprudence
• Fiqh - Salafi
• Fiqh - Quran alone

Read more here: » Fiqh: Encyclopedia - Fiqh

Islam History of Islam Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Pilgrimage • Charity Muhammad Ali • Abu Bakr Companions of Muhammad Household of Muhammad Prophets of Islam Qur'an • Hadith • Sharia Jurisprudence Biographies of Muhammad Sunni • Shi'a • Sufi Art • Architecture Cities • Calendar Science • Philosophy Religious leaders Women in Islam P ...

Including:

• Sunni Islam - Demographics
• Sunni Islam - Sunni schools of law Madhab
• Sunni Islam - Sunni theological traditions kalam
• Sunni Islam - Subsects within Sunni Islam
• Sunni Islam - Sunni view of hadith
• Sunni Islam - Current trends in Sunni thought and practice
• Sunni Islam - See Also

Read more here: » Sunni Islam: Encyclopedia - Sunni Islam

The most common type of same-sex behavior is liwat, most commonly used for intercourse between a man and a boy, though it can refer to that between two adults or between a man and a woman, being equally prohibited in all cases. The man is known as a luti, which does not imply so much his nature as his role of penetrator. His partner, if paid, is murd mu'ajirin, if unpaid, amrad (beardless), or ghulam (youth, pl. ghilman). A separate category exists for men who are "afflicted" with the desire t ...

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Homosexuality and Islam, Homosexuality and Islam - Constructions and examples, Homosexuality and Islam - Homosexuality in the Sharia, Homosexuality and Islam - Homosexuality in modern Islamic countries' laws, Homosexuality and Islam - Homosexuality in the Qur'an, Homosexuality and Islam - Liberal Islamic stances on homosexuality

Read more here: » Homosexuality and Islam: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality and Islam - Constructions and examples

The most common type of same-sex behavior is liwat, most commonly used for intercourse between a man and a boy. The man is known as a luti, which does not imply so much his nature as his predilection for beardless boys, and his role of penetrator. His partner, if paid, is murd mu'ajirin, if unpaid, amrad (beardless), or ghulam (youth, pl. ghilman). A separate category exists for men who are "afflicted" with the desire to be penetrated by masculine partners. They are known as ma'bun and considered to be victims of a disease, ...

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Homosexuality and Islam, Homosexuality and Islam - Constructions and examples, Homosexuality and Islam - Homosexuality in the Sharia, Homosexuality and Islam - Homosexuality in modern Islamic countries' laws, Homosexuality and Islam - Homosexuality in the Qur'an, Homosexuality and Islam - Liberal Islamic Stances on Homosexuality

Read more here: » Homosexuality and Islam: Encyclopedia II - Homosexuality and Islam - Constructions and examples

There are different aproaches to the methodology used in Fiqh to derive Shariah from the Islamic sources. The main methodologies are: The four classical sunni schools which are, in chronological order : the Hanafi school, the Maliki school, the Syafi'e school and the Hanbali school, which represent the generally accepted Sunni authority for Islamic jurisprudence. Salafi, who do not recognize any of the four as a single authority. Jafari f ...

See also:

Fiqh, Fiqh - Etymology, Fiqh - Fields of jurisprudence, Fiqh - Methodologies of jurisprudence, Fiqh - The four schools, Fiqh - Ja'fari jurisprudence, Fiqh - Salafi, Fiqh - Quran alone

Read more here: » Fiqh: Encyclopedia II - Fiqh - Methodologies of jurisprudence

The views about the penalties for apostasy vary from Muslim to Muslim. There are many scholars who have stated that the penalty for apostasy under Islamic law (Shari'ia) is death, and there are scholars who have stated that apostasy carries no earthly punishment. One of the death-penalty supporting scholars, Dr. A. Rahman I. Doi in Shariah: The Islamic Law (A.S. Noordeen, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1998, p. 265-267) states, "The punishment by death in the case of apostasy has been unanimously agreed upon by all the four schools of Islami ...

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Apostasy in Islam, Apostasy in Islam - According to Quran, Apostasy in Islam - According to Hadith, Apostasy in Islam - According to Tafsir, Apostasy in Islam - According to Critics, Apostasy in Islam - What Constitutes Apostasy in Islam, Apostasy in Islam - Regarding Monotheism and Polytheism, Apostasy in Islam - Regarding Prophethood, Apostasy in Islam - Regarding Beliefs, Apostasy in Islam - Death penalty for apostasy, Apostasy in Islam - Reasons for the death penalty, Apostasy in Islam - Notable ex-Muslims

Read more here: » Apostasy in Islam: Encyclopedia II - Apostasy in Islam - Death penalty for apostasy

Muslim jurists - Muslim. Main article: Ulema The Muslim scholars engaged in Islamic jurisprudence are called the Fuqaha. They are also engaged in multiple complementory filelds of Islamic studies. Muslim jurists usually trace their lineage to one of five classic jurists. Some jurists are not associated with any school, for various reasons. These include believing that schools are too conservative and that the idea of itjihad allows the our ...

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Muslim jurists, Muslim jurists - Fields, Muslim jurists - Muslim, Muslim jurists - Non-Muslim

Read more here: » Muslim jurists: Encyclopedia II - Muslim jurists - Fields

Muslim scholars are either born in a Muslim families, or converted to Islam. For a list of scholars specialized in: Islamic history, see list of Islamic historians Islamic philosophy, see list of Islamic philosophers Islamic jurisprudence, see list of Islamic Jurists Ali - 599, Arab, Shia Imam and Sunni Caliph Ibn Abbas - 619, Arab ...

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Islamic scholars, Islamic scholars - Muslim scholars, Islamic scholars - Sunni Muslim, Islamic scholars - Shi'a Muslim, Islamic scholars - Sufi, Islamic scholars - Mutazilite, Islamic scholars - Unclassified, Islamic scholars - Scholars that converted to Islam, Islamic scholars - Controversial, Islamic scholars - Non-Muslims

Read more here: » Islamic scholars: Encyclopedia II - Islamic scholars - Muslim scholars

Aden Protectorate - Informal beginnings. What became known as the Aden Protectorate was initially informal arrangements of protection with nine tribes in the immediate hinterland of the port city of Aden: Abdali (Lahej) Alawi Amiri (Dhala) Aqrabi Aulaqi Fadhli Haushabi Subeihi Yafa British expansion into the area was designed to secure the important port that was, at the time, governed from British India. From 1874, ...

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Aden Protectorate, Aden Protectorate - History, Aden Protectorate - Informal beginnings, Aden Protectorate - Formal treaties, Aden Protectorate - Advisory treaty, Aden Protectorate - Challenges to the status quo, Aden Protectorate - Federation, Aden Protectorate - Sources and References for further reading

Read more here: » Aden Protectorate: Encyclopedia II - Aden Protectorate - History

The basis of Islamic belief is found in the shahādatān ("two testimonies", Arabic: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله ): lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadur-rasūlu-llāhi—"There is no god but The God; Muhammad is the messenger of God." In order to become a Muslim, one needs to recite and believe in these statements under witness. One who wishes to convert must be truly willing, and must have given thought to the meaning of the shahāda before reciting ...

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Islam, Islam - Etymology, Islam - Beliefs, Islam - Six articles of belief, Islam - The tenets of Islam, Islam - God, Islam - The Qur'an, Islam - Islamic eschatology, Islam - Organization, Islam - Religious authority, Islam - Islamic law, Islam - Islamic calendar, Islam - Schools denominations, Islam - Sunni, Islam - Shi'a, Islam - Sufism, Islam - Others, Islam - Religions based on Islam, Islam - Islam and other religions, Islam - History, Islam - Contemporary Islam, Islam - The demographics of Islam today, Islam - Symbols of Islam

Read more here: » Islam: Encyclopedia II - Islam - Beliefs

In 1924, an Egyptian physician, Dr. Muhyo Al-Deen Altawi, discovered a script titled, "Commentary on the Anatomy of Canon of Avicenna" in the Prussian State Library in Berlin while studying the history of Arab Medicine at the medical faculty of Albert Ludwig’s University in Germany. This script is considered one of the best scientific books in which Al-Nafis covers in detail the topics of anatomy, pathology and physiolo ...

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Al-Nafis, Al-Nafis - Writings, Al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation

Read more here: » Al-Nafis: Encyclopedia II - Al-Nafis - Discovery of pulmonary circulation

al-Dhahabi praised him as: "the most peerless imam, erudite scholar and mufti, meticulous hadith master, scholar of his time in hadith, prolific author, and seal* of the hadith masters (What is meant by seal here is that his excellence was unequalled after him in his field. It is a hyperbolic praise.) Al-Qinnawji said: "He was a jurist whose preference went to had ...

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Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi - Sunni view, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi - Works

Read more here: » Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi: Encyclopedia II - Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi - Sunni view

Divisions of Islam - Salafism. Main articles: Salafi, and [[{{{2}}}]], and [[{{{3}}}]], and [[{{{4}}}]]See also:

Divisions of Islam, Divisions of Islam - Major Branches, Divisions of Islam - Sunni, Divisions of Islam - Shi'a, Divisions of Islam - Sufi, Divisions of Islam - Sunni schools of thought, Divisions of Islam - Hanafi, Divisions of Islam - Hanbali, Divisions of Islam - Maliki, Divisions of Islam - Shafi'i, Divisions of Islam - Kalam Schools, Divisions of Islam - Ash'ari, Divisions of Islam - Jabriyya, Divisions of Islam - Maturidi, Divisions of Islam - Murjite, Divisions of Islam - Mu'tazili, Divisions of Islam - Q'diriyyah, Divisions of Islam - Shi'a Sects, Divisions of Islam - Jafari, Divisions of Islam - Ismailiyah, Divisions of Islam - Zaiddiyah, Divisions of Islam - Alawi, Divisions of Islam - Alevi, Divisions of Islam - Kharijite Sects, Divisions of Islam - Sufri, Divisions of Islam - Azraqi, Divisions of Islam - Ibadi, Divisions of Islam - Other sects, Divisions of Islam - Zikri, Divisions of Islam - Ahmadiyyah, Divisions of Islam - Moorish Science, Divisions of Islam - Nation of Islam, Divisions of Islam - Submitters, Divisions of Islam - Other movements within sects, Divisions of Islam - Salafism, Divisions of Islam - Wahhabism, Divisions of Islam - Deobandi, Divisions of Islam - Liberals, Divisions of Islam - Islamism, Divisions of Islam - Tablighi Jama'at, Divisions of Islam - Related Faiths, Divisions of Islam - Yazidi, Divisions of Islam - Druze, Divisions of Islam - Bábism, Divisions of Islam - Bahá'í, Divisions of Islam - Five Percenters

Read more here: » Divisions of Islam: Encyclopedia II - Divisions of Islam - Other movements within sects