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Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences | A Wisdom Archive on Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences A selection of articles related to Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences | |
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More material related to Sexual Differentiation can be found here:
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Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, List of homologues of the human reproductive system, gender
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ARTICLES RELATED TO Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences | | | |  Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differencesHumans have 46 chromosomes, including 2 sex chromosomes, XX in females and XY in males. It is obvious that the Y chromosome must carry at least one essential gene which determines testicular formation (originally termed TDF). A gene in the sex-determining region of the short arm of the Y, now referred to as SRY, has been found to direct production of a protein which binds to DNA, inducing differentiation of cells derived from the genital ridges into testes. In transgenic XX mice (and some human XX ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences |
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| | | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Sexual differentiation in mammals is biased towards developing as a female, so that it is often said that female is the default developmental pathway. Two processes: defeminization, and masculinization, are involved in producing male typical morphology and behavior. Disruption of either of these processes in males produces female-typical development. The opposite is not true, disruption of normal sexual development in females does not lead to male-typical endpoints.
Defeminization involves the suppression of the development of female ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path |
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| | | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation General habitus and shape of body and face, as well as sex hormone levels, are similar in prepubertal boys and girls. As puberty progresses and sex hormone levels rise, obvious differences appear.
In males, testosterone directly increases size and mass of muscles, vocal cords, and bones, enhancing strength, deepening the voice, and changing the shape of the face and skeleton. Converted into DHT in the skin, it accelerates growth of androgen-responsive facial and body hair. Taller statu ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation |
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| | | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans Human adults and children show many psychological and behavioral sex differences, both dichotomous and dimorphic. Some (e.g., dress) are learned and obviously cultural. Others (e.g., early verbal fluency, spatial reasoning) are demonstrable across cultures and may have both biological and learned determinants. Because we cannot explore hormonal influences on human reproductive behavior experimentally, and because potential political implications are so unwelcome to many factions of society, the relative contributions of biological factors an ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans |
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| | | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation Gonads are histologically distinguishable by 6-8 weeks of gestation. A fetus of that age has both mesonephric (wolffian) and paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts. Subsequent development of one set and degeneration of the other depends on the presence or absence of two testicular hormones: testosterone and AMH. Disruption of typical development may result in the development of both, or neither, duct system, which may produce morpologically bisexual individuals.
Local testosterone causes each wolffian duct to develop into epididymis, vas d ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation |
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| | | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation Early in fetal life, germ cells migrate to the genital ridge. By week 6, undifferentiated gonads consist of germ cells, supporting cells, and steroidogenic cells.
In a male, SRY and other genes induce differentiation of supporting cells into Sertoli cells and (indirectly) steroidogenic cells into Leydig cells to form testes, which become microscopically identifiable and begin to produce hormones by week 8. Germ cells become spermatogonia.
Without SRY, ovaries form during months 2-6. Failure of ovarian development ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation |
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| | | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation In a male fetus, testes produce steroid and protein hormones essential for internal and external anatomic differentiation. Leydig cells begin to make testosterone by the end of month 2 of gestation. From then on, male fetuses have higher levels of androgens in their systemic blood than females. The difference is even greater in pelvic and genital tissues. Antimullerian hormone (AMH) is a protein hormone produced by Sertoli cells from the 8th week on. AMH suppresses developmen ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation |
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| | | | Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation For illustrations, see the External links section.
By 7 weeks, a fetus has a genital tubercle, urogenital groove and sinus, and labioscrotal folds. In females, without excess androgens, these become the clitoris, urethra and vagina, and labia.
Males become externally distinct between 8 and 12 weeks, as androgens enlarge the phallus and cause the urogenital groove and sinus to fuse in the midline, producing a ...
See also:Sexual differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Chromosomal sex differences, Sexual differentiation - Gonadal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Hormonal differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Internal genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Breast differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Other body differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Brain differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation, Sexual differentiation - Psychological and behavioral differentiation in humans, Sexual differentiation - Gender identity role and orientation, Sexual differentiation - Defeminization and masculinization female as the default path Read more here: » Sexual differentiation: Encyclopedia II - Sexual differentiation - External genital differentiation |
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