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Sextus Julius Frontinus | A Wisdom Archive on Sextus Julius Frontinus | | Sextus Julius Frontinus A selection of articles related to Sextus Julius Frontinus | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Sextus Julius Frontinus | | | |  Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - AnnexationAfter passing the Statute of Rhuddlan which restricted Welsh laws, King Edward's ring of impressive stone castles assisted the domination of Wales, and he crowned his conquest by giving the title Prince of Wales to his son and heir in 1301. Wales became, effectively, part of England, even though its people spoke a different language and had a different culture. English kings paid lip service to their responsibilities by appointing a Council of Wales, sometimes presided over by the heir to the throne. This Council normally sat in Ludlow, now ...
See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century Read more here: » History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - Annexation |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales When the Roman garrison of Britain was withdrawn in 410, the various states within Wales were left self-governing. One of the reasons for the Roman withdrawal was the pressure put upon the empire's military resources by the incursion of barbarian tribes from the east. These tribes, including the Angles and Saxons, were unable to make inroads into Wales, but they gradually conquered eastern and southern Britain (which then became England), leaving Wales cut off from her Celtic relations in Scotland, Cornwall and Cumbria. Wales became Christia ...
See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century Read more here: » History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - Wales under the Romans Up to and during the Roman occupation of Britain, Wales was not a separate country, but all inhabitants of Britain and Ireland spoke Celtic languages and were essentially of the same ethnic origin. The area was divided among a number of tribes, of which the Silures in south-east Wales and the Ordovices in central and north-west Wales were the largest and most powerful. These two tribes were the ones ...
See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century Read more here: » History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - Wales under the Romans |
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| | | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution Following Henry VIII's break with Rome, Wales for the most part followed England in accepting Anglicanism, although a number of Catholics were active in attempting to counteract this and produced some of the earliest books printed in Welsh. In 1588 William Morgan produced the first complete Welsh translation of the Bible.
Wales was overwhelmingly Royalist in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in the early 17th century and was an important source of men for the armies of King Charles I of England, though no major battles took place in Wales. There were some notable ...
See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century Read more here: » History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century In the early 19th century parts of Wales became heavily industrialised, and the social effects of industrialisation led to bitter social conflict between the Welsh workers and the English factory owners. During the 1830s there were two armed uprisings, in the new town of Merthyr Tydfil in 1831, and the Chartist uprising in Newport in 1839, led by John Frost. The Rebecca Riots, which took place between 1839 and 1844 in South and Mid Wales were rural in origin. They were a protest against the h ...
See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century Read more here: » History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - Roman spring constructions Several springs in the area were fitted with constructions to aid their direction into the aqueduct. The first is at the source, Grüner Pütz near Nettersheim. The most studied is the "Klaus fountain" at Mechernich. This site has been archaeologically reconstructed and preserved. The constructions at the various springs were designed to fit in with the characteristics of the area and would meet today's technical requirements.
There were four major areas of springs:
Grüner Pütz (Green plaster) near Netters ...
See also:Eifel Aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - History, Eifel Aqueduct - Course, Eifel Aqueduct - Architectural aspects, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman spring constructions, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman demands for water quality, Eifel Aqueduct - Above-ground sections, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman aqueduct construction, Eifel Aqueduct - Cost of building, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman surveying, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman concrete, Eifel Aqueduct - Operation of the aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - Distribution of water in ancient Cologne, Eifel Aqueduct - The aqueduct as a stone quarry, Eifel Aqueduct - Tourism, Eifel Aqueduct - Legacy, Eifel Aqueduct - Sources Read more here: » Eifel Aqueduct: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - Roman spring constructions |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - Roman demands for water quality Romans preferred drinking water with a high mineral content, preferring its taste to that of soft water. Roman architect Vitruvius described the process for testing a source of drinking water:
"Springs should be tested and proved in advance in the following ways. If they run free and open, inspect and observe the physique of the people who dwell in the vicinity before beginning to conduct the water, and if their frames are strong, their complexions fresh, legs sound, and eyes clear, the springs deserve complete approval. If i ...
See also:Eifel Aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - History, Eifel Aqueduct - Course, Eifel Aqueduct - Architectural aspects, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman spring constructions, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman demands for water quality, Eifel Aqueduct - Above-ground sections, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman aqueduct construction, Eifel Aqueduct - Cost of building, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman surveying, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman concrete, Eifel Aqueduct - Operation of the aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - Distribution of water in ancient Cologne, Eifel Aqueduct - The aqueduct as a stone quarry, Eifel Aqueduct - Tourism, Eifel Aqueduct - Legacy, Eifel Aqueduct - Sources Read more here: » Eifel Aqueduct: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - Roman demands for water quality |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - History Before the building of the Eifel Aqueduct, Cologne got its water from the Vorgebirge aqueduct, which had its source in the springs and streams from the Ville region to the west of the city. As the city grew, this aqueduct was no longer able to provide enough water of sufficient quality: the springs contained a small amount of silt in the summer, and sometimes even ran dry. A new aqueduct was built to bring water fr ...
See also:Eifel Aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - History, Eifel Aqueduct - Course, Eifel Aqueduct - Architectural aspects, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman spring constructions, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman demands for water quality, Eifel Aqueduct - Above-ground sections, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman aqueduct construction, Eifel Aqueduct - Cost of building, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman surveying, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman concrete, Eifel Aqueduct - Operation of the aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - Distribution of water in ancient Cologne, Eifel Aqueduct - The aqueduct as a stone quarry, Eifel Aqueduct - Tourism, Eifel Aqueduct - Legacy, Eifel Aqueduct - Sources Read more here: » Eifel Aqueduct: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - History |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century The results of the 2001 Census showed an increase in the number of Welsh speakers to 20.8% of the population aged 3 and over, compared with 18.7% in 1991 and 19.0% in 1981. This compares with a pattern of steady decline indicated by census results during the 20th century.
In Cardiff the Millennium Stadium, opened in 1999, was followed by the Wales Millennium Centre opened in 2004 as a centre for cultural events, notably opera.
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See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century Read more here: » History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - The Twentieth Century In the early part of the century Wales still largely supported the Liberal Party, particularly when David Lloyd George became Prime Minister during the First World War. However the Labour party was steadily gaining ground, and in the years after the war replaced the Liberals as the dominant party in Wales, particularly in the industrial valleys of South Wales.
Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 but initially its growth was slow and it gained few votes at parliamentary elections. In 1936 an RAF training camp and aerodrome at Penyberth near ...
See also:History of Wales, History of Wales - Prehistoric Wales, History of Wales - Wales under the Romans, History of Wales - Early Mediaeval Wales, History of Wales - Wales and the Normans, History of Wales - Annexation, History of Wales - From the Union to the Industrial Revolution, History of Wales - The Nineteenth Century, History of Wales - The Twentieth Century, History of Wales - The Twenty-first Century Read more here: » History of Wales: Encyclopedia II - History of Wales - The Twentieth Century |
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| | | | | Sextus Julius Frontinus: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - Above-ground sections For various reasons, the Eifel aqueduct has very few above-ground sections, unlike other Roman aqueducts, such as the Pont du Gard in southern France:
The course of the aqueduct was chosen so as to avoid the need for such constructions.
By construction underground, the aqueduct was protected from freezing.
The water arriving in Cologne had a pleasant temperature due to the insulating properties of the ground.
In case o ...
See also:Eifel Aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - History, Eifel Aqueduct - Course, Eifel Aqueduct - Architectural aspects, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman spring constructions, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman demands for water quality, Eifel Aqueduct - Above-ground sections, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman aqueduct construction, Eifel Aqueduct - Cost of building, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman surveying, Eifel Aqueduct - Roman concrete, Eifel Aqueduct - Operation of the aqueduct, Eifel Aqueduct - Distribution of water in ancient Cologne, Eifel Aqueduct - The aqueduct as a stone quarry, Eifel Aqueduct - Tourism, Eifel Aqueduct - Legacy, Eifel Aqueduct - Sources Read more here: » Eifel Aqueduct: Encyclopedia II - Eifel Aqueduct - Above-ground sections |
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