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Selection | A Wisdom Archive on Selection | | Selection A selection of articles related to Selection | |
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selection, Selection, Selection - Overview, Selection - Types and subtypes, Selection - Mechanisms of selection, Selection - Patterns of selection
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Selection | | | |  Selection: Encyclopedia II - Selection algorithm - Linear general selection algorithmThere is a way to consistently find very good pivots; this is the key to making the previous algorithm worst-case linear. To accomplish this, we begin by dividing the list into groups of five elements. Any left over are ignored for now. Then, for each of these, we find the median of the group of five, an operation that can be made very fast by loading all five values into the register set and comparing them. We move all these medians into one contiguous block in the list, and proceed to invoke select recursively on this sublist of n/5 elements to f ...
See also:Selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Selection with sorting algorithm, Selection algorithm - Linear minimum/maximum algorithms, Selection algorithm - Nonlinear general section algorithm, Selection algorithm - Partition based general selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Linear general selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Selection as incremental sorting, Selection algorithm - Using data structures to select in sublinear time, Selection algorithm - Selecting k smallest or largest elements, Selection algorithm - Lower bounds, Selection algorithm - Language support Read more here: » Selection algorithm: Encyclopedia II - Selection algorithm - Linear general selection algorithm |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - Selection algorithm - Using data structures to select in sublinear time Given an unorganized list of data, linear time (Ω(n)) is required to find the minimum element, because we have to examine every element (otherwise, we might miss it). If we organize the list, for example by keeping it sorted at all times, then selecting the kth largest element is trivial, but then insertion requires linear time, as do other operations such as combining two lists.
The strategy to find an order statistic in sublinear time is to store the d ...
See also:Selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Selection with sorting algorithm, Selection algorithm - Linear minimum/maximum algorithms, Selection algorithm - Nonlinear general section algorithm, Selection algorithm - Partition based general selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Linear general selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Selection as incremental sorting, Selection algorithm - Using data structures to select in sublinear time, Selection algorithm - Selecting k smallest or largest elements, Selection algorithm - Lower bounds, Selection algorithm - Language support Read more here: » Selection algorithm: Encyclopedia II - Selection algorithm - Using data structures to select in sublinear time |
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| | | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1978 January 16 - 1978 NASA Group - USA
Due to the long delay between the last Apollo mission and the first flight of the Space Shuttle in 1981, only few astronauts from the older groups stayed with NASA. Thus in 1978 a new group of 35 astronauts was selected after 9 years without new astronauts, including the first female astronauts, and also the first black astronaut Guion Bluford. Roughly every two years a new group was selected since then. Two different astronaut groups were formed, pilots and mission specialists. Addition ...
See also:List of astronauts by selection, List of astronauts by selection - 1958, List of astronauts by selection - 1959, List of astronauts by selection - 1960, List of astronauts by selection - 1962, List of astronauts by selection - 1963, List of astronauts by selection - 1964, List of astronauts by selection - 1965, List of astronauts by selection - 1966, List of astronauts by selection - 1967, List of astronauts by selection - 1968, List of astronauts by selection - 1969, List of astronauts by selection - 1970, List of astronauts by selection - 1971, List of astronauts by selection - 1972, List of astronauts by selection - 1973, List of astronauts by selection - 1974, List of astronauts by selection - 1976, List of astronauts by selection - 1978, List of astronauts by selection - 1979, List of astronauts by selection - 1980, List of astronauts by selection - 1982, List of astronauts by selection - 1984, List of astronauts by selection - 1985, List of astronauts by selection - 1987, List of astronauts by selection - 1990, List of astronauts by selection - 1992, List of astronauts by selection - 1994, List of astronauts by selection - 1995, List of astronauts by selection - 1996, List of astronauts by selection - 1998, List of astronauts by selection - 2000, List of astronauts by selection - 2003, List of astronauts by selection - 2004 Read more here: » List of astronauts by selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1978 |
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| | | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1996 May 1 - NASA Group - USA
David Brown, Daniel Burbank, Yvonne Cagle, Fernando Caldeiro, Charles Camarda, Duane Carey, Laurel Clark, Michael Fincke, Patrick Forrester, Stephen Frick, John Herrington, Joan Higginbotham, Charles Hobaugh, James M. Kelly, Mark Kelly, Scott Kelly, Paul Lockhart, Christopher Loria, Sandra Magnus, Michael Massimino, Richard Mastracchio, William McCool, Lee Morin, Lisa Nowak, Donald Pettit, John Phillips, Mark Polansky, Paul Richards, Piers Sellers, Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper, Daniel Tani, Rex Walheim, ...
See also:List of astronauts by selection, List of astronauts by selection - 1958, List of astronauts by selection - 1959, List of astronauts by selection - 1960, List of astronauts by selection - 1962, List of astronauts by selection - 1963, List of astronauts by selection - 1964, List of astronauts by selection - 1965, List of astronauts by selection - 1966, List of astronauts by selection - 1967, List of astronauts by selection - 1968, List of astronauts by selection - 1969, List of astronauts by selection - 1970, List of astronauts by selection - 1971, List of astronauts by selection - 1972, List of astronauts by selection - 1973, List of astronauts by selection - 1974, List of astronauts by selection - 1976, List of astronauts by selection - 1978, List of astronauts by selection - 1979, List of astronauts by selection - 1980, List of astronauts by selection - 1982, List of astronauts by selection - 1984, List of astronauts by selection - 1985, List of astronauts by selection - 1987, List of astronauts by selection - 1990, List of astronauts by selection - 1992, List of astronauts by selection - 1994, List of astronauts by selection - 1995, List of astronauts by selection - 1996, List of astronauts by selection - 1998, List of astronauts by selection - 2000, List of astronauts by selection - 2003, List of astronauts by selection - 2004 Read more here: » List of astronauts by selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1996 |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1998 January - Chinese Group 1 - China
Chen Quan, Deng Qingming, Fèi Jùnlóng, Jing Haipeng, Liu Boming, Liu Wang, Niè Hǎishèng, Pan Zhanchun, Yang Liwei, Zhai Zhigang, Zhang Xiaoguan, Zhao Chuandong
June 4 - NASA Group - USA
Clayton Anderson, Lee Archambault, Tracy Caldwell, Gregory Chamitoff, Timothy Creamer, Léopold Eyharts, Christopher Ferguson, Michael Foreman, Michael Fossum, Kenneth Ham, Gregory C Johnson, Gregory H Johnson, Stanley Love, Leland Melvin, Barbara Morgan, Paolo Nespo ...
See also:List of astronauts by selection, List of astronauts by selection - 1958, List of astronauts by selection - 1959, List of astronauts by selection - 1960, List of astronauts by selection - 1962, List of astronauts by selection - 1963, List of astronauts by selection - 1964, List of astronauts by selection - 1965, List of astronauts by selection - 1966, List of astronauts by selection - 1967, List of astronauts by selection - 1968, List of astronauts by selection - 1969, List of astronauts by selection - 1970, List of astronauts by selection - 1971, List of astronauts by selection - 1972, List of astronauts by selection - 1973, List of astronauts by selection - 1974, List of astronauts by selection - 1976, List of astronauts by selection - 1978, List of astronauts by selection - 1979, List of astronauts by selection - 1980, List of astronauts by selection - 1982, List of astronauts by selection - 1984, List of astronauts by selection - 1985, List of astronauts by selection - 1987, List of astronauts by selection - 1990, List of astronauts by selection - 1992, List of astronauts by selection - 1994, List of astronauts by selection - 1995, List of astronauts by selection - 1996, List of astronauts by selection - 1998, List of astronauts by selection - 2000, List of astronauts by selection - 2003, List of astronauts by selection - 2004 Read more here: » List of astronauts by selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1998 |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1963 January 10 - Air Force Group 2 - USSR
Yuri Artyukhin, Eduard Buinovski, Lev Demin, Georgi Dobrovolski, Anatoli Filipchenko, Aleksei Gubarev, Vladislav Gulyayev, Pyotr Kolodin, Eduard Kugno, Anatoli Kuklin, Aleksandr Matinchenko, Vladimir Shatalov, Lev Vorobyov, Anatoli Voronov, Vitali Zholobov
October 17 1963 NASA Group - USA
Buzz Aldrin, William Anders, Charles Bassett, Alan Bean, Eugene Cernan, Roger Chaffee, Michael Collins, Walter Cunningham, Donn Eisele, Theodore Freeman, Richard Gordon, R ...
See also:List of astronauts by selection, List of astronauts by selection - 1958, List of astronauts by selection - 1959, List of astronauts by selection - 1960, List of astronauts by selection - 1962, List of astronauts by selection - 1963, List of astronauts by selection - 1964, List of astronauts by selection - 1965, List of astronauts by selection - 1966, List of astronauts by selection - 1967, List of astronauts by selection - 1968, List of astronauts by selection - 1969, List of astronauts by selection - 1970, List of astronauts by selection - 1971, List of astronauts by selection - 1972, List of astronauts by selection - 1973, List of astronauts by selection - 1974, List of astronauts by selection - 1976, List of astronauts by selection - 1978, List of astronauts by selection - 1979, List of astronauts by selection - 1980, List of astronauts by selection - 1982, List of astronauts by selection - 1984, List of astronauts by selection - 1985, List of astronauts by selection - 1987, List of astronauts by selection - 1990, List of astronauts by selection - 1992, List of astronauts by selection - 1994, List of astronauts by selection - 1995, List of astronauts by selection - 1996, List of astronauts by selection - 1998, List of astronauts by selection - 2000, List of astronauts by selection - 2003, List of astronauts by selection - 2004 Read more here: » List of astronauts by selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1963 |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1966 April 4 - 1966 NASA Group - USA
Vance Brand, John S. Bull, Gerald Carr, Charles Duke, Joseph Engle, Ronald Evans, Edward Givens, Fred Haise, James Irwin, Don Lind, Jack Lousma, Thomas Mattingly, Bruce McCandless, Edgar Mitchell, William Pogue, Stuart Roosa, John Swigert, Paul Weitz, Alfred Worden. This group, except John Bull and Edward Givens, who left NASA, Joseph Engle, who was bumped from Apollo 17 for Harrison Schmidt, and Bruce McCandless and Don Lind, who were candidates for one of three cancelled Apollo flights, f ...
See also:List of astronauts by selection, List of astronauts by selection - 1958, List of astronauts by selection - 1959, List of astronauts by selection - 1960, List of astronauts by selection - 1962, List of astronauts by selection - 1963, List of astronauts by selection - 1964, List of astronauts by selection - 1965, List of astronauts by selection - 1966, List of astronauts by selection - 1967, List of astronauts by selection - 1968, List of astronauts by selection - 1969, List of astronauts by selection - 1970, List of astronauts by selection - 1971, List of astronauts by selection - 1972, List of astronauts by selection - 1973, List of astronauts by selection - 1974, List of astronauts by selection - 1976, List of astronauts by selection - 1978, List of astronauts by selection - 1979, List of astronauts by selection - 1980, List of astronauts by selection - 1982, List of astronauts by selection - 1984, List of astronauts by selection - 1985, List of astronauts by selection - 1987, List of astronauts by selection - 1990, List of astronauts by selection - 1992, List of astronauts by selection - 1994, List of astronauts by selection - 1995, List of astronauts by selection - 1996, List of astronauts by selection - 1998, List of astronauts by selection - 2000, List of astronauts by selection - 2003, List of astronauts by selection - 2004 Read more here: » List of astronauts by selection: Encyclopedia II - List of astronauts by selection - 1966 |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - Natural selection - Impact of the idea Perhaps the most radical claim of Darwin's theory of evolution through natural selection is that "elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner" have evolved out of the simplest forms of life and according to a few simple principles. It is this fundamental claim that has inspired some of Darwin's most ardent supporters—and that has provoked the most profound opposition.
In addition, many theories of artificial selection have been proposed to suggest that economic or s ...
See also:Natural selection, Natural selection - Overview, Natural selection - Mechanisms of natural selection, Natural selection - History of the principle, Natural selection - Scope and role of natural selection, Natural selection - Impact of the idea, Natural selection - Classification, Natural selection - By effect on phenotypic composition of the population Read more here: » Natural selection: Encyclopedia II - Natural selection - Impact of the idea |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - Natural selection - History of the principle Charles Darwin's discovery of the principle of natural selection, as his explanation for the origin of species, occurred in about 1837. Over the next twenty years, he shared it with only a very small number of acquaintances, while he amassed evidence in its favor. He first outlined his theory in two unpublished manuscripts, written in 1842 and 1844. In 1858, Alfred Russel Wallace independently discovered the principle, and wrote a letter to Darwin, explaining his hypothesis. This prompted a reading, at the Linnean Society, of tracts from bot ...
See also:Natural selection, Natural selection - Overview, Natural selection - Mechanisms of natural selection, Natural selection - History of the principle, Natural selection - Scope and role of natural selection, Natural selection - Impact of the idea, Natural selection - Classification, Natural selection - By effect on phenotypic composition of the population Read more here: » Natural selection: Encyclopedia II - Natural selection - History of the principle |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - Selection algorithm - Lower bounds In his seminal The Art of Computer Programming, Don Knuth discussed a number of lower bounds for the number of comparisons required to locate the kth smallest entry of an unorganized list of n items (using only comparisons). There's a trivial lower bound of n − 1 for the minimum or maximum entry. To see this, consider a tournament where each game represents one comparison. Since every player except the winner of the tournament must lose a game before we know the winner, ...
See also:Selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Selection with sorting algorithm, Selection algorithm - Linear minimum/maximum algorithms, Selection algorithm - Nonlinear general section algorithm, Selection algorithm - Partition based general selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Linear general selection algorithm, Selection algorithm - Selection as incremental sorting, Selection algorithm - Using data structures to select in sublinear time, Selection algorithm - Selecting k smallest or largest elements, Selection algorithm - Lower bounds, Selection algorithm - Language support Read more here: » Selection algorithm: Encyclopedia II - Selection algorithm - Lower bounds |
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| | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - Ion selective electrode - Types of ion-selective membrane There are four main types of ion-selective membrane used in ion-selective electrodes:
Ion selective electrode - Glass membranes.
Glass membranes are made from an ion-exchange type of glass (silicate of chalcogenide). This type of ISE has good selectivity, but only for several single-charged cations; mainly H+, Na+, and Ag+. Chalcogenide glass also has selectivity for double-charged metal ions, such as Pb2+, and Cd2+. The glass membrane has excellent chemical durability and can work in very aggressive media. ...
See also:Ion selective electrode, Ion selective electrode - Types of ion-selective membrane, Ion selective electrode - Glass membranes, Ion selective electrode - Crystalline membranes, Ion selective electrode - Ion exchange resin membranes, Ion selective electrode - Enzyme electrodes, Ion selective electrode - Interference, Ion selective electrode - Other articles Read more here: » Ion selective electrode: Encyclopedia II - Ion selective electrode - Types of ion-selective membrane |
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| | | | | | | Selection: Encyclopedia II - Sexual selection - Proposed human examples Charles Darwin conjectured that the male beard, as well as the relative hairlessness of humans compared to nearly all other mammals, are results of sexual selection. He reasoned that since, compared to males, the bodies of females are more nearly hairless, hairlessness is one of the atypical cases due to its selection by males at a remote prehistoric time, when males had overwhelming selective power, and that it nonetheless ...
See also:Sexual selection, Sexual selection - Intrasexual and intersexual selection, Sexual selection - Sexual dimorphism, Sexual selection - The question regarding viability of the theory, Sexual selection - Proposed human examples, Sexual selection - History and application of the theory Read more here: » Sexual selection: Encyclopedia II - Sexual selection - Proposed human examples |
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