Second World Wars

The United States rank of Colonel is a direct successor to the same rank in the British Army. The first Colonels in America were appointed from Colonial militias maintained as reserves to the British Army in the American colonies. Upon the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, the rank of Colonel could be appointed by a Colonial legislature, where a person would be given a commission to raise a regiment and serve as its Colonel. Thus, the first American Colonels were usually respected men with ties in local communities and active in politics. Such wa ...

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Colonel United States, Colonel United States - Origins, Colonel United States - 19th century Colonels, Colonel United States - 20th century Colonels, Colonel United States - Modern rank, Colonel United States - Famous American Colonels

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In military affairs, the war effort refers to the harnessing of economic and human resources towards support of a military force. Depending on the militarization of the culture, the relative size of the armed forces and the society supporting them, the style of government, and the popular support for the military objectives, the war effort can range from a small industry to complete command of society. Although many societies were retroactively perceived to be engaged in a war effort, the concept was not generally used until th ...

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Düsseldorf is the capital city of the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Located on the Rhine near Cologne, it is one of the main centres of the densely populated Rhine-Ruhr area. Düsseldorf - History. When the Roman Empire was strengthening its position throughout Europe, a few Germanic tribes clung on to their marshy territory off the eastern banks of the Rhine River. In the 7th and 8th centuries, the odd farming or fishing settlement could be found at the point where t ...

Including:

• Düsseldorf - History
• Düsseldorf - Economy
• Düsseldorf - Infrastructure
• Düsseldorf - Culture
• Düsseldorf - Districts
• Düsseldorf - University
• Düsseldorf - Buildings
• Düsseldorf - Partner Cities
• Düsseldorf - Famous people related with Düsseldorf

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An armoured train is a train protected with armour. Usually they are equipped with artillery and machine gun railroad cars. Their use was the most common during late 19th and early 20th century. Armoured train - Design and equipment. Armoured trains can be made up from various types of railroad cars, including: Artillery - fielding mixture of guns and machine guns Infantry - designed to carry infantry units, may also mount machine guns. Machine gun - dedicated to machine guns< ...

Including:

• Armoured train - Design and equipment
• Armoured train - History
• Armoured train - Tactics
• Armoured train - Quotes

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Please see "Colonel" for other countries which use this rank Colonel is a rank of the United States armed forces, designated as an "O-6", or the sixth highest officer rank. It is rated above a Lieutenant Colonel and below a Brigadier General. The insignia for a Colonel is a silver eagle. Colonel United States - Origins. The United States rank of Colonel is a direct successor to the same rank in the British Army. The first Colonels in America were appointed from Colonial militias maintained as ...

Including:

• Colonel United States - Origins
• Colonel United States - 19th century Colonels
• Colonel United States - 20th century Colonels
• Colonel United States - Modern rank
• Colonel United States - Famous American Colonels

Read more here: » Colonel United States: Encyclopedia - Colonel United States

Aerial archaeology is the study of archaeological remains by examining them from altitude. The advantages of gaining a good aerial view of the ground had been long appreciated by archaeologists as a high viewpoint permits a better appreciation of fine details and their relationships within the wider site context. Early investigators attempted to gain birdseye views of sites using hot air balloons, scaffolds or cameras attached to kites. Following the invention of the aeroplane and the military importance placed on aerial photog ...

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Until about ten thousand years ago, Angel Island was connected to the mainland; it was cut off by the rise in sea levels due to the end of the ice age. From about two thousand years ago the island was a fishing and hunting site for Coastal Miwok Native Americans. In 1775 the Spanish naval vessel San Carlos made the first European entry to the San Francisco Bay under the command of Juan de Ayala. Ayala anchored off Angel Island, and gave it its modern name (Isla de los Angeles); th ...

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Angel Island California, Angel Island California - Access, Angel Island California - History, Angel Island California - Natural history

Read more here: » Angel Island California: Encyclopedia II - Angel Island California - History

The First Army was formed to command the land forces of in Operation Torch, the assault landings in Morocco and Algeria on 8 November 1942, during World War II. It was commanded by Lieutenant General Sir Kenneth Anderson. First Army formally came into being on 1 January 1943 with the redesignation of the Eastern Task Force. It initially consisted of British and American forces only. They were organised into three separate components, one for each landing site; Oran, Algiers and Casablanca. After the surrender of French forces, French ...

See also:

British First Army, British First Army - First World War, British First Army - Commanders, British First Army - Second World War

Read more here: » British First Army: Encyclopedia II - British First Army - Second World War

On the sinking of the ARA General Belgrano "So what does it matter where it was when it was hit? We could have sunk it if it'd been tied up on the quayside in a neutral port and everyone would still have been delighted." To refugees expelled by Idi Amin from Uganda who held residence rights in the UK: "You cannot come here because you are not white." On Christmas: "I only can properly enjoy carol services if I am having an illicit affair with someone in the congregation. Why is this? Perhaps because they are essentially pagan, ...

See also:

Alan Clark, Alan Clark - Quotes, Alan Clark - Books, Alan Clark - External link

Read more here: » Alan Clark: Encyclopedia II - Alan Clark - Quotes

Polish surnames, like those in most of Europe, are hereditary and generally patrilineal, i.e. passed from the father on to his children. A married woman usually adopts her husband's name. However, other combinations are legally possible. The wife may keep her maiden name (nazwisko panieńskie) or add her husband's surname to hers, thus creating a double-barrelled name (nazwisko złożone). However, if she already has a double-barrelled name, she must leave one of the parts out – it is illegal to use a triple- or more-barrelled name. It is also possible, though rare, for the husband to adopt his wife's surname ...

See also:

Polish name, Polish name - Imię given name, Polish name - Nazwisko surname, Polish name - History, Polish name - Classification, Polish name - Feminine forms, Polish name - Formal and informal use, Polish name - Formal language, Polish name - Informal language

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Credit Insurance was born at the end of nineteenth century, but it was mostly developed in Western Europe between the first and Second World Wars. Several companies were founded in every country, some of them also managed the political risk to export on behalf of their State. Over the '90s, a concentration of the market took place and three big companies became the main players of a market focused on Western Europe: Euler Hermes, fusion of the two societies of credit insurance of group Allianz ...

See also:

Credit insurance, Credit insurance - History

Read more here: » Credit insurance: Encyclopedia II - Credit insurance - History

The great revolution in posters was the development of colour lithography which allowed the cheap printing of posters illustrated in vibrant colours. The concept was first developed in France but by the 1890s had spread throughout Europe. A number of noted artists created poster art in this period, foremost amongst them Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Jules Chéret. Many posters have had great artistic merit and have become extremely collectable. These include the posters adverti ...

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Poster, Poster - Text posters, Poster - Graphical posters, Poster - Propaganda posters, Poster - Film posters, Poster - Comic book posters, Poster - Affirmation posters, Poster - Research posters and poster sessions

Read more here: » Poster: Encyclopedia II - Poster - Graphical posters

The European Parliament's Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety[3] proposal, adopted in the summer of 2002 and expected to be implemented in 2003 has deep cultural roots, which are difficult to understand for the US agricultural community. It requires that all food/feed containing or derived from genetically modified organisms be labelled and any GM ingredients in food be traced. It would also require documenta ...

See also:

Trade war over genetically modified food, Trade war over genetically modified food - European ban on genetically modified crops, Trade war over genetically modified food - Agricultural trade market between USA and Europe, Trade war over genetically modified food - European proposal over genetically modified food, Trade war over genetically modified food - Official US complaint with the WTO, Trade war over genetically modified food - Ratification of the Biosafety Protocol by the EU parliament, Trade war over genetically modified food - Lifting of the ban, Trade war over genetically modified food - Effect of cultural differences between US and Europe, Trade war over genetically modified food - Significant decision due soon

Read more here: » Trade war over genetically modified food: Encyclopedia II - Trade war over genetically modified food - European proposal over genetically modified food

When the Roman Empire was strengthening its position throughout Europe, a few Germanic tribes clung on to their marshy territory off the eastern banks of the Rhine River. In the 7th and 8th centuries, the odd farming or fishing settlement could be found at the point where the small river Düssel flows into the Rhine. It was from such settlements that the city of Düsseldorf grew. The first written mention of the town of Düsseldorf dates back to 1135 (then called Düsseldorp). It was told that under Emperor Friedrich Bar ...

See also:

Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf - Adjacent Cities and districts, Düsseldorf - History, Düsseldorf - Economy, Düsseldorf - Infrastructure, Düsseldorf - Culture, Düsseldorf - Theaters, Düsseldorf - Museums and arts institutes, Düsseldorf - Districts, Düsseldorf - University, Düsseldorf - Buildings, Düsseldorf - Partner Cities, Düsseldorf - Famous people related with Düsseldorf

Read more here: » Düsseldorf: Encyclopedia II - Düsseldorf - History

Medicine Hat Alberta - The Medicine Hat Clay Industries National Historic District. The Medicine Hat Clay Industries National Historic District is a living, working museum that offers a unique and extensive experience through collections, exhibits, interpretation, guided tours and educational and artistic programming. The Medalta Potteries and Hycroft China Factory Complexes are the focal points in this 150 acre region. This nationally recognized industrial historic district is a cultural initiative ...

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Medicine Hat Alberta, Medicine Hat Alberta - Origin of name, Medicine Hat Alberta - Tourist attractions, Medicine Hat Alberta - The Medicine Hat Clay Industries National Historic District, Medicine Hat Alberta - The World's Tallest Teepee, Medicine Hat Alberta - Parks, Medicine Hat Alberta - Post-secondary education, Medicine Hat Alberta - Military, Medicine Hat Alberta - The South Alberta Light Horse, Medicine Hat Alberta - Canadian Forces Base Suffield, Medicine Hat Alberta - Politics, Medicine Hat Alberta - New Arena, Medicine Hat Alberta - Famous Medicine Hatters

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Looe - Prehistory and foundation. Archeological evidence, such as the so-called Giant's Hedge and the stone circle at Bin Down (from the Cornish "Bin Dun", meaning "hill fort") on a hill above East Looe, indicates that the area around Looe was inhabited as early as 1000 BC. At the time the Domesday Book was created in 1086, the manor of Pendrym, which included much of the site of modern-day East Looe, was held by William the Conqueror as part of his own demesne and came to be managed by the Bodgrugan (Bodr ...

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Looe, Looe - History, Looe - Prehistory and foundation, Looe - Early Churches, Looe - Development trade and politics, Looe - The 19th Century, Looe - The 20th Century, Looe - Looe today, Looe - East Looe, Looe - West Looe

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CNR changed its name to the bilingually appropriate Canadian National/Canadien National (CN) in 1960, however passenger trains and other company assets were slow to evolve. However by 1966, the Ocean Limited had been renamed to the Ocean/Océan, while maintaining the same schedule and train numbers. During a landslide which affected the old IRC line near Rimouski, Quebec in 1977, for six months CN diverted the Ocean onto another parallel line several hundred kilometres to the south, ...

See also:

Ocean passenger train, Ocean passenger train - Ocean Limited, Ocean passenger train - Ocean, Ocean passenger train - Route

Read more here: » Ocean passenger train: Encyclopedia II - Ocean passenger train - Ocean

Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Australia. Persecution of ethnic Germans was much the same in Australia as it was in the United States during World War I. Many were interned for the duration of the war and others faced hostility from their fellow citizens. To avoid persecution, many Germans changed their names into anglicised or Francophone variants. Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Germany. The book Other Losses by James Bacque (ISBN 1551681919) alleg ...

See also:

Organised persecution of ethnic Germans, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Background, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Specific Locales, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Australia, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Germany, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Soviet Union, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Poland, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Norway, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Italy, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - United States, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Canada, Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Britain

Read more here: » Organised persecution of ethnic Germans: Encyclopedia II - Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Specific Locales

The great revolution in posters was the development of colour lithography which allowed the cheap printing of posters illustrated in vibrant colours. The concept was first developed in France but by the 1890s had spread throughout Europe. A number of noted artists created poster art in this period, foremost the ugliest and shitiest poster of Micheal Jackson amongst them Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and Jules Chéret. Many posters have had great artistic merit and have become extremely collectable. These include the posters adverti ...

See also:

Poster, Poster - Text posters, Poster - Graphical posters, Poster - Propaganda posters, Poster - Film posters, Poster - Comic book posters, Poster - Affirmation posters, Poster - Research posters and poster sessions

Read more here: » Poster: Encyclopedia II - Poster - Graphical posters

However, the modern canal system was largely a product of the 18th century and early 19th century. The modern British canal network came into being because the Industrial Revolution (which began in Britain during the mid-18th century) demanded an economic and reliable way to transport goods and commodities in large quantities. The transport system which existed before the canals were built consisted of either coastal shipping, or horses and carts struggling along mostly un-surfaced mud roads, (although there were some surfaced Turnpike roa ...

See also:

History of the British canal system, History of the British canal system - Early history, History of the British canal system - Industrial Revolution, History of the British canal system - Geography of the canal network, History of the British canal system - Operation of the British canal network, History of the British canal system - Gradual decline of the British canal network, History of the British canal system - The canals today

Read more here: » History of the British canal system: Encyclopedia II - History of the British canal system - Industrial Revolution