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Second Polish Republic | A Wisdom Archive on Second Polish Republic | | Second Polish Republic A selection of articles related to Second Polish Republic | |
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Second Polish Republic | | | |  Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - Polish September Campaign - Details of the campaign
Polish September Campaign - Plans.
The German plan Fall Weiss, for what became known as the September campaign, was created by General Franz Halder, chief of the general staff, and directed by General Walther von Brauchitsch, the commander in chief of the upcoming campaign. The plan called for the start of hostilities before the declaration of war and to pursue a traditional doctrine of mass encirclement and destruction of enemy forces, assisted by the Germans' material advantages, including the use of mo ...
See also:Polish September Campaign, Polish September Campaign - Opposing forces, Polish September Campaign - Germany, Polish September Campaign - Soviet Union, Polish September Campaign - Poland, Polish September Campaign - Order of battle, Polish September Campaign - Prelude to the campaign, Polish September Campaign - Details of the campaign, Polish September Campaign - Plans, Polish September Campaign - Phase 1: German aggression, Polish September Campaign - Phase 2: Soviet aggression, Polish September Campaign - Civilian losses, Polish September Campaign - Aftermath, Polish September Campaign - Notes Read more here: » Polish September Campaign: Encyclopedia II - Polish September Campaign - Details of the campaign |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - Vladimir Lenin - Head of the Soviet state On November 8, Lenin was elected as the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars by the Russian Soviet Congress. Faced with the threat of German invasion, Lenin argued that Russia should immediately sign a peace treaty. Other Bolshevik leaders, such as Bukharin, advocated continuing the war as a means of fomenting revolution in Germany. Trotsky, who led the negotiations, advocated an intermediate position, of "No War, No Peace", calling for a peace treaty only on the conditions that no territorial gains on either side be consolidated. ...
See also:Vladimir Lenin, Vladimir Lenin - Early life, Vladimir Lenin - Revolutionary, Vladimir Lenin - Head of the Soviet state, Vladimir Lenin - Premature death, Vladimir Lenin - After death, Vladimir Lenin - Lenin's brain study, Vladimir Lenin - Trivia, Vladimir Lenin - Notes Read more here: » Vladimir Lenin: Encyclopedia II - Vladimir Lenin - Head of the Soviet state |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - List of szlachta - By date of birth This article lists important members of the szlachta (nobility) class of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by century and date of birth.
In many cases the year is not certain since there are several conflicting sources or none at all. In the times of the Commonwealth, most people - including szlachta - paid very little attention to their date of birth.
List of szlachta - 14th century.
< ...
See also:List of szlachta, List of szlachta - By family, List of szlachta - By date of birth, List of szlachta - 14th century, List of szlachta - 15th century, List of szlachta - 16th century, List of szlachta - 17th century, List of szlachta - 18th century, List of szlachta - 19th century, List of szlachta - 20th century Read more here: » List of szlachta: Encyclopedia II - List of szlachta - By date of birth |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - Polish Peasant Party - History After Poland regained independence with the end of the First World War in 1918, the party merged with agrarian groups from territories previously occupied by Imperial Russia and formed the first PSL led by Wincenty Witos, which was one of the most important political parties in the Second Polish Republic, until it was removed by the Sanacja. During World War II, PSL took part in forming the Polish government in exile and organising. After the war the leader of PSL, Stanislaw Mikolajczyk, returned to Soviet occupied Poland, hoping to recreate ...
See also:Polish Peasant Party, Polish Peasant Party - History, Polish Peasant Party - Present day PSL, Polish Peasant Party - Leaders, Polish Peasant Party - Members of Polish Parliament Sejm 2001-2005, Polish Peasant Party - Former MPs from PSL, Polish Peasant Party - Members of Polish Senate, Polish Peasant Party - Members of European Parliament, Polish Peasant Party - PSL MEP in the EPP-ED group, Polish Peasant Party - PSL MEPs in the UEN group Read more here: » Polish Peasant Party: Encyclopedia II - Polish Peasant Party - History |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - History
Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - Background.
The May 3rd Constitution was a response to the increasingly perilous situation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, only a century and a half earlier a major European power and indeed the largest state on the continent. Already two centuries before the May 3rd Constitution, King Zygmunt III's court preacher, the Jesuit Piotr Skarga, had famously condemned the individual and collective weaknesses of the Commonwealth's citizens. Likewise, in the same period, writers ...
See also:Polish Constitution of May 3 1791, Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - History, Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - Background, Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - Drafting and Adoption, Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - The fall, Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - Legacy, Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - Features, Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - Notes Read more here: » Polish Constitution of May 3 1791: Encyclopedia II - Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - History |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - History
Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Background.
The May 3rd Constitution was a response to the increasingly perilous situation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, only a century and a half earlier a major European power and indeed the largest state on the continent. Already two centuries before the May 3rd Constitution, King Zygmunt III's court preacher, the Jesuit Piotr Skarga, had famously condemned the individual and collective weaknesses of the Commonwealth's citizens. Likewise, in the same period, writer ...
See also:Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - History, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Background, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Drafting and Adoption, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - The fall, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Legacy, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Features, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Notes Read more here: » Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791: Encyclopedia II - Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - History |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Features King Stanisław August described the May 3rd Constitution, according to a contemporary account, as "founded principally on those of England and the United States of America, but avoiding the faults and errors of both, and adapt[ed] as much as possible to the local and particular circumstances of the country." Indeed, the Polish and American national constitutions reflected similar Enlightenment influences, including Montesquieu's advocacy of a separation and balance of powers among the three branches of government — so that, in the words o ...
See also:Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - History, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Background, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Drafting and Adoption, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - The fall, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Legacy, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Features, Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Notes Read more here: » Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791: Encyclopedia II - Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Features |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39
History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews.
Jews also played a role in the fight for independence in 1918, some joining Józef Piłsudski, while many other communities decided to remain neutral in the fight for a Polish state. In the wake of World War I and the ensuing conflicts that engulfed Eastern Europe — the Russian Civil War, Polish-Ukrainian War, and Polish-Soviet War — many pogroms were launched against the Jews by all sides. As a substantial n ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945 With the outbreak of the World War II Poznań was annexed by Germany and briefly reorganized into the Reichsgau Posen and then as the Reichsgau Wartheland (Warta province) for the duration of the war.
The German army, police and administration started a programme of 're-germanisation of Poznań', and some 100,000 of inhabitants were expelled to central Poland General Government. Many people were murdered as well in the notorious state-sponsored executions, intended to prevent the creation of insurgencies. Another share of the population was sent to cen ...
See also:History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45
History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign.
Main article: Polish September Campaign
During the Polish September Campaign of 1939, some 120,000 Polish citizens of Jewish descent took part in battles with the Germans and the Soviets as members of the Polish Armed Forces. It is estimated that during the entirety of World War II as many as 32,216 Jewish soldiers and officers died and 61,000 were taken prisoner by the Germans; the majority did not survive. The soldiers and ...
See also:History of the Jews in Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history to Golden Age: 966–1572, History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385, History of the Jews in Poland - The early Jagiellon era: 1385–1505, History of the Jews in Poland - Center of the Jewish world: 1505–72, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth: 1572–1795, History of the Jews in Poland - The Warsaw Confederation, History of the Jews in Poland - Increasing isolation, History of the Jews in Poland - The Cossack Uprising and the Deluge, History of the Jews in Poland - Decline under the Saxon Dynasty, History of the Jews in Poland - The Partitions, History of the Jews in Poland - The development of Judaism in Poland and the Commonwealth, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish learning, History of the Jews in Poland - The rise of Hasidism, History of the Jews in Poland - Jews of Poland within the Russian Empire 1795–1918, History of the Jews in Poland - Pogroms, History of the Jews in Poland - Haskalah and Halakha, History of the Jews in Poland - Politics in Polish Territory, History of the Jews in Poland - Interwar period 1918–39, History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews, History of the Jews in Poland - Jewish and Polish culture, History of the Jews in Poland - Growing anti-Semitism, History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45, History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign, History of the Jews in Poland - Soviet-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - The Holocaust: German-occupied Poland, History of the Jews in Poland - Communist rule: 1945–89, History of the Jews in Poland - Postwar, History of the Jews in Poland - 1967–1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Since 1989, History of the Jews in Poland - Notes Read more here: » History of the Jews in Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of the Jews in Poland - WWII and the destruction of Polish Jewry 1939–45 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939 At the end of World War I, the Great Poland Uprising (1918–1919) promised to restore Great Poland and its capital as a Polish nation. According to the Versailles peace treaty, signed on June 28, 1919, most of Posen province was ceded to Poland, and organized into Poznań voivodship. German inhabitants of the region and city (who had not fled in January 1945) were given an option to stay or leave but ...
See also:History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945 Main articles: History of Poland (1939-1945), Polish government in exile, Polish Secret State
On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union signed the Ribbentrop–Molotov non-aggression pact, which secretly provided for the dismemberment of Poland into Nazi and Soviet-controlled zones. On September 1, 1939, Hitler ordered his troops into Poland. On September 17, Soviet troops invaded and then occupied most of the areas of eastern Poland having significant Ukrainian and Belarusian populations under the terms of this agreement. After Germany invaded the Sovie ...
See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793
With the unification of Poland Poznań become the main political, cultural, academic and economic center. It was the site of the royal Governor General for Greater Poland, the main trading center between east (Ruthenia, Lithuania and west Germany, Bohemia. In 1519 Lubrański Academy was founded (the second institute of higher education in Poland, after Cracow University) and in 1573 another school, Jesuits' College (rector: Jakub Wujek).
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See also:History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295 Since the feudal fragmentation of Poland began in 1138, Poznań was the capital of Greater Poland division and the main site of local dukes dynasty started by Mieszko III the Old. The city was developing quickly and in 12th century it was surrounded by trade-and-crafts settlements of St. Gotard, St. Martin, St. Adalbert on the left bank of the Warthe river and Srodka of the right bank.
In ca. 1230 the dukes founded in Srodka an autonomous municipality based on Teutonic law, and in 1253 dukes Przemysł I and Boleslaus the Pious founded ...
See also:History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Main article: History of Poland (1989-present), Third Polish Republic
A shock therapy program during the early 1990s enabled the country to transform its economy into one of the most robust in Central Europe.
Poland joined NATO on May 27, 1999 and the European Union on May 1, 2004.
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See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Early times The first settlements in what is now Poznań can be traced to the late period of the Stone Age. Later various cultures developed here in the Bronze Age and Iron Age.
The first stronghold was built in the 8th-9th century AD on the Ostrów Tumski - an island in the forks of Warta and Cybina rivers. Subsequently it was surrounded by various settlements on the islands and on both banks of Warta river. In 10th century Poznań and Gniezno were the main sites of Polish dukes, and centres of the developing Polish state. In 968 the first Polis ...
See also:History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Early times |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989 Main article: History of Poland (1945-1989), People's Republic of Poland
Following the Yalta Conference in February 1945, a Polish Provisional Government of National Unity was formed in June 1945; the US recognized it the next month. Although the Yalta agreement called for free elections, those held in January 1947 were controlled by the Communist Party. The communists then established a regime entirely under their domination.
In October 1956, after the 20th Soviet Party Congress at Moscow ushered in destalinizati ...
See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers The burghers of Posen/Posnan for a large part took on Protestant beliefs. The Protestant church books (Kirchenbuch), starting in 1596 with the evangelical churches of the city, also the Catholic churches were filmed by the LDS Mormons, after Treaty of Versailles, see external links below.
The 16th century is called "the Golden Age" in the city's history. The population grew to 20.000 and Poznań was one of the biggest cities in Poland. This was ended with the Swedish invasion in 1655 which started a series of wars, epidemics a ...
See also:History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795 Main articles: History of Poland (1569-1795), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, following upon the Union of Lublin, became an interesting counterpoint to the absolute monarchies gaining power in Europe. It's quasi-democratic political system of Golden Liberty, albeit limited to nobility (szlachta) was mostly unprecedented in the history of Europe.
However the series of power struggles between the lesser nobility, the higher nobility (magnates) and elected kings undermined citizensh ...
See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918 Main articles: History of Poland (1795-1918), Kingdom of Galicia, Duchy of Warsaw, Congress Kingdom, Free City of Kraków, Grand Duchy of Poznań, Regency Kingdom
Polish independence ended in a series of partitions (1772, 1793 and 1795) undertaken by Russia, Prussia and Austria, with Russia gaining most of the Commonwealth's territory including nearly all of the former Lithuania (except Podlasie and lands West from Niemen river), Volhynia and Ukraine. Austria gained the populous southern region henceforth named Galicia–Lodome ...
See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939 Main articles: History of Poland (1918-1939), Second Polish Republic
The upcoming World War I and the political turbulence that was sweeping throughout Europe in 1914 offered the Polish nation hopes for regaining independence. By the end of World War I, Poland had seen the defeat or retreat of all three occupying powers.
Polish independence was eventually proclaimed on November 3, 1918 and later confirmed by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919; the same treaty also gave Poland some German and Austrian territories (see Polis ...
See also:History of Poland, History of Poland - Early history of Poland 966-1385, History of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572, History of Poland - The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795, History of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918, History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939, History of Poland - World War II in Poland 1939-1945, History of Poland - People's Republic of Poland 1945-1989, History of Poland - Martial law, History of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present Read more here: » History of Poland: Encyclopedia II - History of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939 |
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| | | | | Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989 to be written yet
The first years after WWII (1945-1948 were the era of enthusiasm for peace and freedom, rebuilding the city from ruins, and relative political freedom. With the rigged elections of 1947 Poland was put under strict control of the communist party and the Sovietisation of the state and economy.
1950 local government is abolished
Worsening political and economic conditions led to the first Polish anti-communist protests.
In June 1956 workers from the city's Cegielski locomotive factory, ...
See also:History of Poznań, History of Poznań - Early times, History of Poznań - Capital of Great Poland 1138–1295, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Poland 1295–1793, History of Poznań - Reformation and Religious Affiliation of Burghers, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Kingdom of Prussia 1793–1918, History of Poznań - Poznań in the Second Polish Republic 1919–1939, History of Poznań - Poznań in Nazi Germany 1939–1945, History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989, History of Poznań - Poznań in Third Polish Republic after 1989, History of Poznań - Polish organizations in Poznań, History of Poznań - Bibliography Read more here: » History of Poznań: Encyclopedia II - History of Poznań - Poznań in People's Republic of Poland 1945–1989 |
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