Second Polish Republic - Article Index

Encyclopedia - Polonization: Encyclopedia Ii - Polonization - Second Polish Republic
During the times of Second Polish Republic, when Poland regained territories of Western Belarus, Western Ukraine and the Wilno region, li...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Second Polish Republic: Encyclopedia Ii - Second Polish Republic - History
Occupied by German and Austro-Hungarian armies in the summer of 1915, the formerly Russian-ruled part of what was considered Poland was p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - History
Lviv - Early history. Recent archaeological excavations show that the area of Lviv has been populated since at least the 5th century. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir Lenin: Encyclopedia - Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin (Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин listen ▶ (help·info)), original surname Ulyanov (Улья...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Pilecki: Encyclopedia - Witold Pilecki
Witold Pilecki (May 13, 1901 – May 25, 1948; pronounced ['vitɔld pi'leʦki]; codenames Roman Jezierski, Tomasz Serafiński, Druh, Wito...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Geography
Lviv - Location. Lviv is located at geographical co-ordinates 49°50′45″N, 24°01′38″E, on the verge of the Roztocze Upland, ap...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Congress Poland: Encyclopedia - Congress Poland
The Congress Poland is an unofficial term for the Kingdom of Poland (1815-1831), a political entity that was created out of the Duchy of ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Lutosławski: Encyclopedia - Witold Lutosławski
Witold Lutosławski (IPA: /vitɔld lutɔswavski/; January 25, 1913 – February 7, 1994) was one of the major European composers of the 2...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Constitution Of May 3 1791: Encyclopedia - Polish Constitution Of May 3 1791
The Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja) is claimed to be Europe's first modern codified national cons...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Education
L'viv is one of the most important education centres of Ukraine. It is home to three major universities and a number of smaller schools o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Culture
Lviv - Museums and art galleries. There are many museums and art galleries in Lviv, most notable are the National Gallery, Museum of Re...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Public Transportation
Lviv - Buses. As in most Ukrainian cities, the public bus network is not well-developed and the number of lines is limited. A cheap alt...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Lviv: Encyclopedia Ii - Lviv - Government
Lviv - Administrative division. Lviv is divided in 6 distinct entities called raions with their own administrative bodies: Halyts'ky (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - League Of Polish Families: Encyclopedia Ii - League Of Polish Families - Political Agenda
The political agenda is Christian left. However, recently the party has begun to emphasize populism, patriotism and far right social valu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy: Encyclopedia Ii - Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy - The Plan History
Since 1928 there were recurring attempts to create the triangle of security, an industrial region in the middle of the country, secured f...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-lithuanian Commonwealth: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-lithuanian Commonwealth - History
The creation of the Commonwealth by the Union of Lublin in 1569 was one of the signal achievements of Sigismund II Augustus, last king of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of The Soviet Union - Practical Deployment Of The Soviet Military
Military history of the Soviet Union - Interwar period. See also: Interwar period Following the death of Lenin, the Soviet Union was en...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. Main article: History of Poland (966-1385) The first Jews arrived in the t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Navahradak: Encyclopedia Ii - Navahradak - History
It came under the control of the Kyivan Rus at end of the 10th century. In the 13th century, the fragile unity of Rus' disintegrated due ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Opposing Forces In The Polish September Campaign: Encyclopedia Ii - Opposing Forces In The Polish September Campaign - Poland
Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign - Economic base. Between 1936 and 1939, Poland invested heavily in industrialization o...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Organised Persecution Of Ethnic Germans: Encyclopedia Ii - Organised Persecution Of Ethnic Germans - Specific Locales
Organised persecution of ethnic Germans - Australia. Persecution of ethnic Germans was much the same in Australia as it was in the Unit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - People's Republic Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - People's Republic Of Poland - History
At the Yalta Conference in February 1945, Stalin was able to present his western allies, Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill, with a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Minsk: Encyclopedia Ii - Minsk - History
Legend has it that a giant called Menesk or Mincz had a mill on the banks of a river near the city. He used to grind stones for making br...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Pochayiv Lavra: Encyclopedia Ii - Pochayiv Lavra - History
Pochayiv Lavra - Origins. A first record of the monastery in Pochayiv dates back to 1527, although a local tradition claims that it was...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Okopy Świętej Trójcy: Encyclopedia Ii - Okopy Świętej Trójcy - History
The stronghold and the neighbouring town were built in 1692 by Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, grand hetman of the crown. The site was chose...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - Poland - History
Poland began to form into a recognizable unitary and territorial entity around the middle of the 10th century under the Piast dynasty. Po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In The Kingdom Of Prussia 1793–1918
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, the city fell to Kingdom of Prussia and was made the capital of the province of South Prussi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kingdom Of Poland 1916-1918: Encyclopedia Ii - Kingdom Of Poland 1916-1918 - Quotes
"Starvation is here," said General von Kries. "Candidly, we would like to see it relieved; we fear our soldiers may be unfavourably affec...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - Poznań - History
Main article: History of Poznań, see also: History of Poland Mieszko I , the first known duke of the Polans, built one of his castles in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1918–1939: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1918–1939 - Interwar Poland
Piłsudski's first task was to reunite the Polish regions that had assumed various economic and political identities since the partition ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Navy: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Navy - Origins
Wars Timeline Senior officers Rank insignia Awards Oaths Land Forces Navy The Polish Navy has its roots in naval vessels that were largel...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Lutosławski: Encyclopedia Ii - Witold Lutosławski - Biography
Witold Lutosławski - Family and early years. Lutosławski's parents were both born into the Polish landed gentry; his family owned est...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Brethren: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Brethren - History
The movement started around 1562 and ended with the expulsion of Arians from Poland in 1658. The Brethren never participated in the agree...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Ivano-frankivsk: Encyclopedia Ii - Ivano-frankivsk - History
The city was erected as a fortress to protect the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from Tatar invasions. The city was firstly mentioned in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s: Encyclopedia Ii - Jewish Polish History During The 1900s - Interwar Period 1918-1939
Jewish Polish history during the 1900s - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for crisps for independence...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Katowice: Encyclopedia Ii - Katowice - Culture & Recreation
Katowice - Theatre. Theatre of Silesia (Teatr Śląski im. Stanisława Wyspiańskiego) Theatre Ateneum (Teatr Ateneum) Theatre Korez (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Katowice: Encyclopedia Ii - Katowice - Culture & Recreation
Katowice - Theatre. Theatre of Silesia (Teatr Śląski im. Stanisława Wyspiańskiego) Theatre Ateneum (Teatr Ateneum) Theatre Korez (...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sejm: Encyclopedia Ii - Sejm - History
Sejm - Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Poland This article is part of the series: Politics of Po...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Witold Pilecki: Encyclopedia Ii - Witold Pilecki - Biography
Witold Pilecki - Pilecki's early life. Witold Pilecki was born May 13, 1901, in Olonets on the shores of Lake Ladoga in Karelia, Russia...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Early History To Golden Age: 966–1572
History of the Jews in Poland - Early history: 966–1385. The first Jews arrived in the territory of modern Poland in the 10th century...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Szlachta: Encyclopedia Ii - Szlachta - History
Szlachta - Etymology. The Polish word "szlachta" (meaning the "gentle class" or "noble class", an untranslatable term essentially encom...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland 1918–1939: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland 1918–1939 - Interwar Poland
Piłsudski's first task was to reunite the Polish regions that had assumed various economic and political identities since the partition ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Kiev Offensive 1920: Encyclopedia Ii - Kiev Offensive 1920 - Bolshevik Counterattack
The Polish-Ukrainian military thrust soon met with Red Army counterattack. On May 24, 1920, the Polish-Ukrainian forces were engaged for ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - The Campaign
Polish-Soviet War - 1919. In 1918 the German Army in the east began to retreat westwards. The areas abandoned by the Central Powers be...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Menachem Begin: Encyclopedia Ii - Menachem Begin - In British Palestine
Menachem Begin - Forcing the British out of Palestine. Begin quickly made a name for himself as a fierce critic of mainstream Zionist g...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Józef Piłsudski: Encyclopedia Ii - Józef Piłsudski - Biography
Józef Piłsudski - Piłsudski's early life. Born in the village of Zułów (Zalavas, in today's Lithuania) into an impoverished Polish...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Grand Duchy Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - Grand Duchy Of Poznań - Territorial Administration
The monarch of the duchy, with title of Grand Duke of Poznań, was the Hohenzollern king of Prussia and his representative was the Duke-G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sanacja: Encyclopedia Ii - Sanacja - History
Named after the Latin word for sanitation (sanatio), the movement was formed primarily by former military officers disgusted with the cor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Elections In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - Elections In Poland - Election Results
Elections in Poland - Poland 1989-present. Polish presidential election, 2005 Polish parliamentary election, 2005 European Parliament ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Land Reform: Encyclopedia Ii - Land Reform - Land Reform Efforts
Land reform - Latin America. Mexico: a certain degree of land reform was introduced, albeit unevenly, as part of the Mexican Revolutio...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Galicia Central Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Galicia Central Europe - History
Galicia Central Europe - Prior to partitions of Poland. Main articles: Red Ruthenia and Halych-Volhynia The region of what later beca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Florian Znaniecki: Encyclopedia Ii - Florian Znaniecki - Achievements
Florian Znaniecki characterized the world as caught within two contrary modes of reflection; these were idealism and realism. Znaniecki p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Senate Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - Senate Of Poland - Polish Senators 2001-2005 Term
Senate of Poland - Former senators. Jerzy Edmund Cieślak (died 25.04.2004 r.) Henryk Gołębiewski (till 31 January 2003) Genowefa Gr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish September Campaign: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish September Campaign - Details Of The Campaign
Polish September Campaign - Plans. The German plan Fall Weiss, for what became known as the September campaign, was created by General...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - Early History Of Poland 966-1385
Main articles: History of Poland (966-1385), Kingdom of Poland of the first Piasts, Kingdom of Poland during feudal dissolution, Kingdom ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Galicia Central Europe: Encyclopedia Ii - Galicia Central Europe - History
Galicia Central Europe - Prior to partitions of Poland. Main articles: Red Ruthenia and Halych-Volhynia The region of what later beca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Władysław Sikorski: Encyclopedia Ii - Władysław Sikorski - Biography
Władysław Sikorski - Early life and World War I. Sikorski was born May 20, 1881, in Tuszów Narodowy, Polish Galicia, then a territor...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zbigniew Brzezinski: Encyclopedia Ii - Zbigniew Brzezinski - Biography
Zbigniew Brzezinski - Early years. History of Poland (1918-1939), and Second Polish Republic; Weimar Republic, and Nazi Germany; Histo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Red Ruthenia: Encyclopedia Ii - Red Ruthenia - History
Originally it was related to a certain territory between Western Bug and Wieprz rivers. Its Polish name was Ziemia czerwieńska, or "Czer...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Political Parties In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Political Parties In Poland - The Parties
List of political parties in Poland - Major political parties. (having representatives in parliament) Alliance of the Democratic Left...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - The Campaign
Polish-Soviet War - 1919. Main article: Polish-Soviet War in 1919 In 1918 the German Army in the east began to retreat westwards. Th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - The Campaign
Polish-Soviet War - 1919. Main articles: Polish-Soviet War in 1919, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]]   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Duchy Of Warsaw: Encyclopedia Ii - Duchy Of Warsaw - The End Of The Duchy
Duchy of Warsaw - Napoleon's campaign against Russia. Poles expected in 1812 that the duchy would be upgraded to the status of a kingdo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish September Campaign: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish September Campaign - Details Of The Campaign
Polish September Campaign - Plans. The German plan Fall Weiss, for what became known as the September campaign, was created by General...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir Lenin: Encyclopedia Ii - Vladimir Lenin - Head Of The Soviet State
On November 8, Lenin was elected as the Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars by the Russian Soviet Congress. Faced with the thr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - List Of Szlachta: Encyclopedia Ii - List Of Szlachta - By Date Of Birth
This article lists important members of the szlachta (nobility) class of Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by century and dat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Peasant Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Peasant Party - History
After Poland regained independence with the end of the First World War in 1918, the party merged with agrarian groups from territories pr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Constitution Of May 3 1791: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Constitution Of May 3 1791 - History
Polish Constitution of May 3 1791 - Background. The May 3rd Constitution was a response to the increasingly perilous situation of the P...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Constitution Of May 3, 1791: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Constitution Of May 3, 1791 - History
Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791 - Background. The May 3rd Constitution was a response to the increasingly perilous situation of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Constitution Of May 3, 1791: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Constitution Of May 3, 1791 - Features
King Stanisław August described the May 3rd Constitution, according to a contemporary account, as "founded principally on those of Engla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Interwar Period 1918–39
History of the Jews in Poland - Independence and Polish Jews. Jews also played a role in the fight for independence in 1918, some joini...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In Nazi Germany 1939–1945
With the outbreak of the World War II Poznań was annexed by Germany and briefly reorganized into the Reichsgau Posen and then as the Rei...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of The Jews In Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of The Jews In Poland - Wwii And The Destruction Of Polish Jewry 1939–45
History of the Jews in Poland - The Polish September campaign. Main article: Polish September Campaign During the Polish September Ca...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In The Second Polish Republic 1919–1939
At the end of World War I, the Great Poland Uprising (1918–1919) promised to restore Great Poland and its capital as a Polish nation. A...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - World War Ii In Poland 1939-1945
Main articles: History of Poland (1939-1945), Polish government in exile, Polish Secret State On August 23, 1939, Germany and the Soviet ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In The Kingdom Of Poland 1295–1793
With the unification of Poland Poznań become the main political, cultural, academic and economic center. It was the site of the royal G...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Capital Of Great Poland 1138–1295
Since the feudal fragmentation of Poland began in 1138, Poznań was the capital of Greater Poland division and the main site of local duk...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - The Third Republic 1989-present
Main article: History of Poland (1989-present), Third Polish Republic A shock therapy program during the early 1990s enabled the country ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Early Times
The first settlements in what is now Poznań can be traced to the late period of the Stone Age. Later various cultures developed here in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - People's Republic Of Poland 1945-1989
Main article: History of Poland (1945-1989), People's Republic of Poland Following the Yalta Conference in February 1945, a Polish Provis...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Reformation And Religious Affiliation Of Burghers
The burghers of Posen/Posnan for a large part took on Protestant beliefs. The Protestant church books (Kirchenbuch), starting in 1596 wit...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - The Polish-lithuanian Commonwealth 1572-1795
Main articles: History of Poland (1569-1795), Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, following upon the Union...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - Partitioned Poland 1795-1918
Main articles: History of Poland (1795-1918), Kingdom of Galicia, Duchy of Warsaw, Congress Kingdom, Free City of Kraków, Grand Duchy of...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - Independence Regained 1918-1939
Main articles: History of Poland (1918-1939), Second Polish Republic The upcoming World War I and the political turbulence that was sweep...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poznań: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poznań - Poznań In People's Republic Of Poland 1945–1989
to be written yet The first years after WWII (1945-1948 were the era of enthusiasm for peace and freedom, rebuilding the city from ruins,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - History Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - History Of Poland - The Jagiellon Era 1385-1572
Main articles: History of Poland (1385-1569), Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons The personal union with the grand duchy of Lithuania to...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Military History Of The Soviet Union: Encyclopedia Ii - Military History Of The Soviet Union - Tsarist And Revolutionary Background
The February Revolution replaced the Tsar with the Russian Provisional Government, 1917 which was itself overthrown by the Bolshevik Revo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Senate Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - Senate Of Poland - History
The Senate can be traced back to a council of royal advisors. In the Nobles' Democracy, the Senate was the upper chamber of the Sejm, and...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Senate Of Poland: Encyclopedia Ii - Senate Of Poland - The Senate Of Poland Today
The term of office of a senator is four years. The Senate may reject or amend the bills passed by the Sejm but any rejection or amendment...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Władysław Sikorski: Encyclopedia Ii - Władysław Sikorski - Aftermath
Immediately after the crash, a Polish officer who had witnessed the event from the airstrip began sobbing quietly and repeating: "This is...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Red Ruthenia: Encyclopedia Ii - Red Ruthenia - Administrative Division 14th Century-1772
Red Ruthenia - The Ruthenian Voivodship. Chełm Land (Ziemia Chełmska), Chełm Chełm County, (Powiat Chełmski), Chełm Powiat of K...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish Peasant Party: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish Peasant Party - Present Day Psl
In the last parliamentary elections the party received 7% of votes giving it 25 seats in the Sejm and 2 seats in the Senate. In the 2001 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish-soviet War: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish-soviet War - Aftermath
According to the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, the Polish-Bolshevik War "largely determined the course of European history for the n...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Polish September Campaign: Encyclopedia Ii - Polish September Campaign - Opposing Forces
Polish September Campaign - Germany. Germany had a large numerical advantage over Polish forces, and had developed a significant milita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Władysław Sikorski: Encyclopedia Ii - Władysław Sikorski - Controversy Surrounding Sikorski's Death
In 1943 a British Court of Inquiry investigated the crash of Sikorski's B-24 Liberator but was unable to determine the probable cause, fi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir Lenin: Encyclopedia Ii - Vladimir Lenin - Early Life
Born in Simbirsk, Russia, Lenin was the son of Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov (1831 - 1886), a Russian civil service official who worked for in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zbigniew Brzezinski: Encyclopedia Ii - Zbigniew Brzezinski - Academia
Brzezinski was on the faculty of Harvard University from 1953 to 1960, and of Columbia University from 1960 to 1989, where he headed up t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zbigniew Brzezinski: Encyclopedia Ii - Zbigniew Brzezinski - Bibliography
Zbigniew Brzezinski - Works by Brzezinski. Major works: The Permanent Purge: Politics in Soviet Totalitarianism, Cambridge: Harvard Un...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zbigniew Brzezinski: Encyclopedia Ii - Zbigniew Brzezinski - Major Policies
During the 1960's Brzezinski articulated the strategy of peaceful engagement for undermining the Soviet bloc and persuaded President John...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Zbigniew Brzezinski: Encyclopedia Ii - Zbigniew Brzezinski - As National Security Advisor
President Carter chose Zbigniew Brzezinski for the position of National Security Adviser because he wanted an assertive intellectual at h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Vladimir Lenin: Encyclopedia Ii - Vladimir Lenin - Premature Death
Lenin's health had already been severely damaged due to the intolerable strains of revolution and war. The assassination attempt earlier ...   » Read the article