1982 (MCMLXXXII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. 1982 - Events. 1982 - January. January 6 - William Bonin is convicted of being the "freeway killer". January 8 - AT&T agrees to divest itself into twenty-two subdivisions. January 10 - The lowest ever UK temperature of -27.2°C is recorded at Braemar, in Aberdeenshire. This equals the record set in the same place in 1895. January 11 - Mark Thatcher, son of ...

Including:

1982 - Events
1982 - January 1982 - February 1982 - March 1982 - April 1982 - May 1982 - June 1982 - July 1982 - August 1982 - September 1982 - October 1982 - November 1982 - December 1982 - Unknown dates
1982 - Births
1982 - January 1982 - February 1982 - March 1982 - April 1982 - May 1982 - June 1982 - July 1982 - August 1982 - September 1982 - October 1982 - November-December
1982 - Deaths
1982 - January-June 1982 - July-December
1982 - Nobel Prizes 1982 - Fields Medalists 1982 - Templeton Prize

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Although over the past years more emphasis has been given to the construction of grassroots alternatives to (capitalist) globalization, the movement's largest and most visible mode of organizing remains mass decentralized campaigns of direct action and civil disobedience. This mode of organizing, sometimes under the banner of the Peoples' Global Action network, tries to tie the many disparate causes together into one global struggle. In many ways the process of organizing matters overall can be more important to activists than the avowed goal ...

See also:

Anti-globalization, Anti-globalization - Ideology and Causes within the Movement, Anti-globalization - Opposition to International Financial Institutions and Transnational Corporations, Anti-globalization - Anti-Globalization as Anti-Neoliberalism, Anti-globalization - Anti-War” Development, Anti-globalization - Appropriateness of the term, Anti-globalization - Influences on the Anti-globalization Movement, Anti-globalization - Organization, Anti-globalization - Main Demonstrations and appointments, Anti-globalization - J18, Anti-globalization - Seattle/N30, Anti-globalization - Law enforcement reaction, Anti-globalization - Genoa, Anti-globalization - International Social Forums, Anti-globalization - Influence on the developing world, Anti-globalization - Criticisms, Anti-globalization - Disorganization, Anti-globalization - Addressing problems incorrectly, Anti-globalization - Failure to propose solutions to problems, Anti-globalization - Violence, Anti-globalization - Motivations of movement, Anti-globalization - Lack of evidence for claims, Anti-globalization - Mobilizations, Anti-globalization - Opponents of global corporatization, Anti-globalization - Opponents of anti-globalization pro-globalists, Anti-globalization - Books on anti-globalization

Read more here: » Anti-globalization: Encyclopedia II - Anti-globalization - Organization

Food is a central part of Tlingit culture, and the land is an abundant provider. A saying amongst the Tlingit is that "when the tide goes out the table is set". This refers to the richness of intertidal life found on the beaches of Southeast Alaska, most of which can be harvested for food. Another saying is that "in Lingít Aaní you have to be an idiot to starve". Since food is so easy to gather from the beaches, a person who can't feed themselves at least enough to stay alive is considered to be a fool, perhaps mentally incompetent ...

See also:

Tlingit, Tlingit - Territory, Tlingit - Culture, Tlingit - Kinship, Tlingit - Property, Tlingit - Potlatch, Tlingit - Art, Tlingit - War, Tlingit - Food, Tlingit - Nutrition, Tlingit - Beach Food, Tlingit - Salmon, Tlingit - Herring and Hooligan, Tlingit - Other Fish, Tlingit - Marine Mammals, Tlingit - Game, Tlingit - Philosophy and Religion, Tlingit - Dualism, Tlingit - Spirituality, Tlingit - Death and the Afterlife, Tlingit - Shamanism, Tlingit - Man and Nature, Tlingit - The Kooshdakhaa, Tlingit - History, Tlingit - Creation myth and the Raven Cycle, Tlingit - The Tlingit migration, Tlingit - Clan histories, Tlingit - First contact, Tlingit - Fur trade, Tlingit - Alaskan purchase, Tlingit - The bombing of Angoon, Tlingit - Territorial education and religion, Tlingit - ANB and recognizing rights, Tlingit - WWII, Tlingit - ANCSA, Tlingit - Today

Read more here: » Tlingit: Encyclopedia II - Tlingit - Food

China - Zhongguo. China is called Zhongguo in Mandarin Chinese (Simplified: 中国, Traditional: 中國; also romanized as Jhongguo or Chung-kuo), which is usually translated as "Middle Kingdom", but could also be translated as "Central State" or "Central Country". Zhong (中) means "middle" or "center" while guo (国 or 國) means "country," "kingdom," "state," or "land", referring to the claim that China stood at the centre of that society's "known world", s ...

See also:

China, China - Terminology, China - Zhongguo, China - China, China - History, China - Chinese Pre-history, China - Political history, China - Territory, China - Historical overview, China - Historical political divisions, China - Geography and climate, China - Society, China - Demographics, China - Culture, China - Religion, China - Arts scholarship and literature, China - Science and technology, China - Miscellaneous topics

Read more here: » China: Encyclopedia II - China - Terminology

Tea is a product made from the leaves or buds of the tea bush Camellia sinensis. It is commonly consumed in the form of a beverage made by steeping it in hot water for a few minutes. The English word tea derives from the Chinese 茶, pronounced te in the Min Nan dialect. The flavour of the raw tea is developed by processes including oxidation, heating, drying and the addition of other herbs, spices, or f ...

Including:

Tea - Cultivation Tea - Processing and classification Tea - Blending and additives Tea - Content of Tea Tea - Tea origin and early history in Asia
Tea - Tea creation myths Tea - China Tea - Japan
Tea - Tea spreads to the world Tea - The word tea Tea - Tea culture
Tea - China Tea - Vietnam Tea - Britain Tea - Hong Kong Tea - Iran Tea - Ireland Tea - India Tea - Pakistan Tea - Sri Lanka Tea - Turkey Tea - Russia Tea - Czech Republic Tea - Commonwealth countries Tea - United States Tea - Japan Tea - Taiwan Tea - Tibet
Tea - Tea preparation Tea - Enjoying tea the modern way

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Triad (Simplified: 三合会; Traditional: 三合會; Hanyu Pinyin: Sānhéhuì; literally "Triad Society") is a collective term that describes many branches of an underground society and organizations based in Hong Kong and also operating in Mainland China, Macao, and Chinatowns in Europe, North America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. There are about 50 triad groups that are active in modern Hong Kong; many of them are no more than small, local street gangs. The larger groups, including t ...

Including:

Triad - History of triads
Triad - Precursor to triads—Tian Di Hui Triad - Post-imperial developments Triad - Migration to Hong Kong Triad - Sustenance from 1980s Triad - Activities overseas Triad - Recent developments
Triad - Triad groups
Triad - The 14K Triad Triad - The Sun Yee On Triad - The Wo Group
Triad - Triad culture Triad - Triad organizational structure Triad - Gang fighting Triad - Organized crime Triad - Dealing with triad problems in schools Triad - How triads are tackled in Hong Kong Triad - Portrayal of triad societies in popular culture Triad - Public figures alleged to have or have had triad ties Triad - List of Triads Tongs and Chinese Gangs
Triad - Triads Triad - Tongs Triad - Chinese Gangs
Triad - Miscellaneous information

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The Anti-Masonic Party (also known as the Anti-Masonic Movement) was a 19th century minor political party in the United States. As its name suggests, it strongly opposed Freemasonry, but in fact was not a single-issue party, aspiring to become a major party. It was a part of the Second Party System and introduced important new techniques, such as the state convention to select candidates. Anti-Masonic Party - History. It was formed in New York City in 1828, and was the first third party in American n ...

Including:

Anti-Masonic Party - History Anti-Masonic Party - Candidates Anti-Masonic Party - External link

Read more here: » Anti-Masonic Party: Encyclopedia - Anti-Masonic Party

The Whig Party was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. It was integral to the Second Party System and operated from 1832 to 1856 and was formed to oppose the policies of President Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party he had founded. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy of Congress over the Executive Branch and favored a program of modernization and economic development. Their name was chosen to echo the British Whig Party, who had opposed a strong monarchy, just as the American ...

Including:

Whig Party United States - Origins and policies Whig Party United States - Party structure Whig Party United States - The early years Whig Party United States - A brief golden age Whig Party United States - Death throes 1852–56 Whig Party United States - Presidents from the Whig Party Whig Party United States - Candidates

Read more here: » Whig Party United States: Encyclopedia - Whig Party United States

Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 – October 24, 1852) was a United States Senator and Secretary of State. Famed for his ability as an orator, Webster was one of the most important figures in the Second Party System from the 1829s to the 1850s. Like Henry Clay, he had a predisposition to finding compromises marked by a passionate patriotic devotion to the Union. Daniel Webster - Early Life. Webster was born in Salisbury, New Hampshire. He was the son of Ebenezer and Abigail Webster (née Eastman) and raised ...

Including:

Daniel Webster - Early Life Daniel Webster - Early political career Daniel Webster - As Secretary of State Daniel Webster - Later career and death Daniel Webster - Legacy

Read more here: » Daniel Webster: Encyclopedia - Daniel Webster

Andrew Jackson (March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845), eponym of the era of Jacksonian democracy and a founder of the Democratic Party, was the seventh President of the United States, serving from 1829 to 1837. Jackson was nicknamed "Old Hickory," He was the first president from the American frontier, and thus the first not primarily associated with one of the original thirteen states. (Previous presidents came from Virginia or Massachusetts.) He was a polarizing figure who helped shape the Second Party System of American politics in the 1 ...

Including:

Andrew Jackson - Early life and military career
Andrew Jackson - Creek War and War of 1812 Andrew Jackson - First Seminole War
Andrew Jackson - Jackson becomes President
Andrew Jackson - Spoils system Andrew Jackson - Opposition to the National Bank Andrew Jackson - Nullification crisis Andrew Jackson - Indian Removal Andrew Jackson - Assassination attempt Andrew Jackson - Major presidential acts Andrew Jackson - Cabinet Andrew Jackson - Supreme Court appointments Andrew Jackson - Supreme Court cases during his presidency Andrew Jackson - States admitted to the Union
Andrew Jackson - Notes Andrew Jackson - Family and later life Andrew Jackson - Physical characteristics and Health Andrew Jackson - Memorials and movies

Read more here: » Andrew Jackson: Encyclopedia - Andrew Jackson

In 1832 Clay was unanimously nominated for the presidency by the National Republicans; Jackson, by the Democrats. The main issue was the policy of continuing the Second Bank of the United States, which in 1811 Clay had originally opposed, but favored warmly from 1816 onward. A majority of the voters approved of Jackson's fight against what Clay had once denounced as a dangerous and unconstitutional monopoly. Clay made the mistake of supposing that he could arouse popular enthusiasm for a moneyed corporation against ...

See also:

Henry Clay, Henry Clay - Bids for the presidency, Henry Clay - Estate, Henry Clay - Monuments and memorials, Henry Clay - Trivia

Read more here: » Henry Clay: Encyclopedia II - Henry Clay - Bids for the presidency

Political parties were not discussed in the Constitution. The political system in effect during the Revolutionary War did not allow for parties—a person was either for the Congress and independence, or against. In the decade of the 1780s, the new United States of America had a weak central government, and, indeed, relatively weak state governments. Factions existed in each state, with competition between groups for control of the legislature (which was considered the main organ of government), and the governorship. The states controlled th ...

See also:

First Party System, First Party System - Constitution of 1787, First Party System - Washington Administration 1789–1796, First Party System - Crisis of 1798, First Party System - Jefferson and the Revolution of 1800, First Party System - State parties

Read more here: » First Party System: Encyclopedia II - First Party System - Constitution of 1787

The United States has a two-party system, with the two largest political parties holding most of the elected offices. This is largely a consequence of the first-past-the-post election system but is also due to restrictive ballot access laws imposed on the other political parties. There have been many political parties other than the two dominant ones, but most third parties are generally considered to be of only minor and short-lived political significance. Notwithstanding the general perception, many third parties throughout U.S. his ...

See also:

List of political parties in the United States, List of political parties in the United States - Introduction, List of political parties in the United States - Categorizing U.S. political parties, List of political parties in the United States - Current major parties, List of political parties in the United States - Current third parties, List of political parties in the United States - Current minor and regional parties that have endorsed candidates, List of political parties in the United States - Historical political parties, List of political parties in the United States - First Party System before 1824, List of political parties in the United States - Second Party System 1824–1854, List of political parties in the United States - Third Party System {1854-1896, List of political parties in the United States - Progressive Era/ Fourth Party System 1896–1932, List of political parties in the United States - New Deal Fifth Party System 1932–1964, List of political parties in the United States - Later 20th century

Read more here: » List of political parties in the United States: Encyclopedia II - List of political parties in the United States - Introduction

His career in the New York Senate covered two terms (1812–1820). In 1815 he became the state attorney general, an office which he held, still as a member of the Senate, until 1819, when he was displaced to make room for a Federalist. He had already, in 1808, moved from Kinderhook to Hudson, and in 1816 he took up his residence in Albany, where he continued to reside until he entered Jackson's cabinet in 1829. As a member of the state Senate he supported the War of 1812 and drew up a classification act for the enrollment of volunteer ...

See also:

Martin Van Buren, Martin Van Buren - Biography, Martin Van Buren - Early political career, Martin Van Buren - Presidency, Martin Van Buren - Cabinet, Martin Van Buren - Supreme Court appointments, Martin Van Buren - Post Presidency, Martin Van Buren - Trivia

Read more here: » Martin Van Buren: Encyclopedia II - Martin Van Buren - Early political career

The Whig Party was formed in the winter of 1833-1834 by former Jeffersonian Republicans and National Republicans such as Henry Clay and John Quincy Adams, and by Southern States' Rights supporters such as W. P. Mangum. In its early form the Whig Party was united only by opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson, especially his removal of the deposits from the Bank of the United States without the consent of Congress. The Whigs also attracted the support of Southerners such as John Tyler who were offended by Jackson's strong nati ...

See also:

Whig Party United States, Whig Party United States - Origins and policies, Whig Party United States - Party structure, Whig Party United States - The early years, Whig Party United States - A brief golden age, Whig Party United States - Death throes 1852–56, Whig Party United States - Presidents from the Whig Party, Whig Party United States - Candidates

Read more here: » Whig Party United States: Encyclopedia II - Whig Party United States - Origins and policies

(This section is based on Newspapers, 1775–1860 by Frank W. Scott) The political and journalistic situation made the administration organ one of the characteristic features of the period. Fenno’s Gazette had served the purpose for Washington and Adams; but the first great example of the type was The National Intelligencer established in October, 1800, by Samuel Harrison Smith, to support the administration of Jefferson and of successive presidents until after Jackson it was thrown into the opposition, and The United States Telegra ...

See also:

History of American newspapers, History of American newspapers - Colonial Origins, History of American newspapers - The New England Courant, History of American newspapers - Ben Franklin Journalist, History of American newspapers - The South Carolina Gazette, History of American newspapers - The Virginia Gazette, History of American newspapers - Politics in the Later Newspapers, History of American newspapers - Revolutionary and Early National Era: 1770-1820, History of American newspapers - The Massachusetts Spy, History of American newspapers - The Press served the Second Party System: 1820-1890, History of American newspapers - Associated Press and impact of telegraph, History of American newspapers - Great Editors, History of American newspapers - Mass Markets Yellow Journalism and Muckrakers 1890-1920, History of American newspapers - Chains and Syndicates 1920-1960, History of American newspapers - Competition: Telection and Internet 1970 - 2006

Read more here: » History of American newspapers: Encyclopedia II - History of American newspapers - The Press served the Second Party System: 1820-1890

Jacksonian democracy - Election by the common man. Andrew Jackson was the first president ever to be partially elected by the common citizenry, as the 1824 United States Presidential election was the first in which free white men without property could vote. Nonetheless, one quarter of the participating states had their electors chosen by the State Legislatures. Issues of social class have been much discussed by historians (Wilentz 19 ...

See also:

Jacksonian democracy, Jacksonian democracy - The philosophy, Jacksonian democracy - The historical era, Jacksonian democracy - Election by the common man, Jacksonian democracy - A popular Hero, Jacksonian democracy - Factions 1824–32, Jacksonian democracy - Reforms, Jacksonian democracy - External link

Read more here: » Jacksonian democracy: Encyclopedia II - Jacksonian democracy - The historical era

During his first run for the Presidency in 1824, Jackson received a plurality of both the popular and electoral votes. Since no candidate received a majority, the election was thrown into the House of Representatives, which chose John Quincy Adams instead. Jackson denounced it as "stolen" because Henry Clay threw his votes to John Quincy Adams, who then made Clay Secretary of State. Jackson later called for abolishing the Electoral College. Jackson's defeat burnished his political credentials, however; since many voters believed the "man of the peopl ...

See also:

Andrew Jackson, Andrew Jackson - Early life and military career, Andrew Jackson - Creek War and War of 1812, Andrew Jackson - First Seminole War, Andrew Jackson - Jackson becomes President, Andrew Jackson - Spoils system, Andrew Jackson - Opposition to the National Bank, Andrew Jackson - Nullification crisis, Andrew Jackson - Indian Removal, Andrew Jackson - Assassination attempt, Andrew Jackson - Major presidential acts, Andrew Jackson - Cabinet, Andrew Jackson - Supreme Court appointments, Andrew Jackson - Supreme Court cases during his presidency, Andrew Jackson - States admitted to the Union, Andrew Jackson - Notes, Andrew Jackson - Family and later life, Andrew Jackson - Physical characteristics and Health, Andrew Jackson - Memorials and movies

Read more here: » Andrew Jackson: Encyclopedia II - Andrew Jackson - Jackson becomes President

His career in the New York Senate covered two terms (1812–1820). In 1815 he became the state attorney general, an office which he held, still as a member of the Senate, until 1819, when he was displaced to make room for a Federalist. He had already, in 1808, moved from Kinderhook to Hudson, and in 1816 he took up his residence in Albany, where he continued to reside until he entered Jackson's cabinet in 1829. As a member of the state Senate he supported the War of 1812 and drew up a classification act for the enrollment of volunteer ...

See also:

Martin Van Buren, Martin Van Buren - Biography, Martin Van Buren - Early political career, Martin Van Buren - Presidency, Martin Van Buren - Cabinet, Martin Van Buren - Supreme Court appointments, Martin Van Buren - Post Presidency, Martin Van Buren - Trivia, Martin Van Buren - Pop Culture References

Read more here: » Martin Van Buren: Encyclopedia II - Martin Van Buren - Early political career

It was formed in New York City in 1828, and was the first third party in American national politics. Its hate of Freemasonry seems strange to many historians in light of the fact that a number of founding fathers were Masons, including George Washington. The party had its rise after the mysterious disappearance, in 1826, of William Morgan (c. 1776-c. 1826), a Freemason of Batavia, New York, who had become dissatisfied with his Order and had planned to publish its secrets. When his purpose became known to the Masons, Morgan was ...

See also:

Anti-Masonic Party, Anti-Masonic Party - History, Anti-Masonic Party - Candidates, Anti-Masonic Party - External link

Read more here: » Anti-Masonic Party: Encyclopedia II - Anti-Masonic Party - History

Andrew Jackson - Election of 1824. Main article: U.S. presidential election, 1824 During his first run for the Presidency in 1824, Jackson received a plurality of both the popular and electoral votes. Since no candidate received a majority, the election was thrown into the House of Representatives, which chose John Quincy Adams instead. Jackson denounced it as "stolen" because Henry Clay threw his votes to John Quincy Adams, who then made Clay Secretary of State. Jackson later called fo ...

See also:

Andrew Jackson, Andrew Jackson - Physical characteristics and health, Andrew Jackson - Early life and military career, Andrew Jackson - Creek War and War of 1812, Andrew Jackson - First Seminole War, Andrew Jackson - First Term as President, Andrew Jackson - Election of 1824, Andrew Jackson - Spoils system, Andrew Jackson - Opposition to the National Bank, Andrew Jackson - Nullification crisis, Andrew Jackson - Indian Removal, Andrew Jackson - Assassination attempt, Andrew Jackson - Major presidential acts, Andrew Jackson - Cabinet, Andrew Jackson - Supreme Court appointments, Andrew Jackson - Supreme Court cases during his presidency, Andrew Jackson - States admitted to the Union, Andrew Jackson - Notes, Andrew Jackson - Family and later life, Andrew Jackson - Memorials and movies

Read more here: » Andrew Jackson: Encyclopedia II - Andrew Jackson - First Term as President

Webster was born in Salisbury, New Hampshire. He was the son of Ebenezer and Abigail Webster (née Eastman) and raised on his parents' farm (a small parcel of land granted to Ebenezer in recognition of his service in the French and Indian War). His parents were poor, but dedicated to his education and thus not only hired private tutors to teach him but also sent him to the Phillips Exeter Academy in Exeter, New Hampshire. His time at the Phillips Exeter Academy was short (he left after 9 months) and traumatic. As a child Daniel had a ...

See also:

Daniel Webster, Daniel Webster - Early Life, Daniel Webster - Early political career, Daniel Webster - As Secretary of State, Daniel Webster - Later career and death, Daniel Webster - Legacy

Read more here: » Daniel Webster: Encyclopedia II - Daniel Webster - Early Life