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Second French Empire | A Wisdom Archive on Second French Empire |  | Second French Empire A selection of articles related to Second French Empire |  |
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Francis Bacon, Francis Bacon - Career, Francis Bacon - Death, Francis Bacon - Early life, Francis Bacon - Notes, Francis Bacon - Posthumous reputation, Francis Bacon - Summary, Francis Bacon - Works and Philosophy
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| ARTICLES RELATED TO Second French Empire |  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Other regionsFor the rest of the world, there were few places not influenced by the West in some fashion, whether through colonialism, imperialism, or war. European powers gained increasing influence in China, where Qing control had weakened, and wars were fought by the western powers against China, such as the first and the second Opium wars and Sino-French War. Japan, which was forcibly opened to Western trade, began a rapid industrialisation.
The Russian Empire began expanding into Central Asia, where there was rivalry between the Russians and the British in India, in what is known as The Great Game, as the British ...
See also:19th century, 19th century - Europe, 19th century - Americas, 19th century - Other regions, 19th century - Events, 19th century - 1800s, 19th century - 1810s, 19th century - 1820s, 19th century - 1830s, 19th century - 1840s, 19th century - 1850s, 19th century - 1860s, 19th century - 1870s, 19th century - 1880s, 19th century - 1890s, 19th century - Significant people, 19th century - Anthropology, 19th century - Painters, 19th century - Music, 19th century - Literature, 19th century - Science, 19th century - Philosophy and religion, 19th century - Politics, 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 19th century - Decades and years Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Other regions |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - AmericasThe United States began expansion across the North American Continent, beginning with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. This expansion was asserted to be the Manifest Destiny of the country. This was accompanied by the subjugation and dispersal of Native Americans. The expansion was accelerated by the building of transcontinental railroads, and growing numbers of immigrants. On January 24, 1848, gold was discovered in California, leading to the largest of many gold and silver "rushes" throught the century. Millions of people flocked to mines a ...
See also:19th century, 19th century - Europe, 19th century - Americas, 19th century - Other regions, 19th century - Events, 19th century - 1800s, 19th century - 1810s, 19th century - 1820s, 19th century - 1830s, 19th century - 1840s, 19th century - 1850s, 19th century - 1860s, 19th century - 1870s, 19th century - 1880s, 19th century - 1890s, 19th century - Significant people, 19th century - Anthropology, 19th century - Painters, 19th century - Music, 19th century - Literature, 19th century - Science, 19th century - Philosophy and religion, 19th century - Politics, 19th century - Inventions discoveries introductions, 19th century - Decades and years Read more here: » 19th century: Encyclopedia II - 19th century - Americas |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - President of the French RepublicLouis-Napoléon lived in Great Britain until the revolution of February 1848 in France deposed King Louis Phillipe and established a Republic. He was now free to return to France, which he immediately did. He ran for, and won, a seat in the assembly elected to draft a new constitution, but did not make a great contribution and, as a mediocre public orator, failed to impress his fellow members. Some even said that having l ...
See also:Napoleon III of France, Napoleon III of France - Early life, Napoleon III of France - President of the French Republic, Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III of France - Liberal Empire, Napoleon III of France - Foreign policy, Napoleon III of France - Demise, Napoleon III of France - Legacy, Napoleon III of France - Opinions, Napoleon III of France - Publications Read more here: » Napoleon III of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - President of the French Republic |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French
Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire.
New constitutional statutes were passed which officially maintained an elected Parliament, but real power was completely concentrated in the hands of Louis-Napoléon and his bureaucracy. Exactly one year later, on December 2, 1852, after approval by another referendum, the Second Republic was officially ended and the Empire restored, ushering into the Second French Empire. President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte became Emperor Napoléon III. In a situation that resembles ...
See also:Napoleon III of France, Napoleon III of France - Early life, Napoleon III of France - President of the French Republic, Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III of France - Liberal Empire, Napoleon III of France - Foreign policy, Napoleon III of France - Demise, Napoleon III of France - Legacy, Napoleon III of France - Opinions, Napoleon III of France - Publications Read more here: » Napoleon III of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - OpinionsNapoléon III, to this day, has not enjoyed the prestige that Napoléon I enjoyed. Victor Hugo portrayed him as "Napoléon the small" (Napoléon le Petit), a mere mediocrity in contrast with Napoléon I "The Great", presented as a military and administrative genius. Karl Marx mocked Napoléon III by saying that history repeats itself: "the first time as tragedy, the second time as farce" (in relation to the fact that both Napoleon I and subsequently Napoleon III seized power with dubious legality). Napoléon III has oft ...
See also:Napoleon III of France, Napoleon III of France - Early life, Napoleon III of France - President of the French Republic, Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III of France - Liberal Empire, Napoleon III of France - Foreign policy, Napoleon III of France - Demise, Napoleon III of France - Legacy, Napoleon III of France - Opinions, Napoleon III of France - Publications Read more here: » Napoleon III of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - Opinions |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - LegacyAn important legacy of Napoléon's III reign was the rebuilding of Paris. Part of the design decisions were taken in order to reduce the ability of future revolutionaries to challenge the government by using the small streets of medieval Paris as a playground for barricade building. However, this should not overlook the fact that the main reason for the complete transformation of Paris was Napoléon III's desire to modernize Paris based on what he had seen of the modernizations of London during his exile there in the 1840s. With his characte ...
See also:Napoleon III of France, Napoleon III of France - Early life, Napoleon III of France - President of the French Republic, Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III of France - Liberal Empire, Napoleon III of France - Foreign policy, Napoleon III of France - Demise, Napoleon III of France - Legacy, Napoleon III of France - Opinions, Napoleon III of France - Publications Read more here: » Napoleon III of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - Legacy |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - DemiseNapoléon III paid the price for his Austrian blunder in 1870 when, forced by the diplomacy of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Napoléon began the Franco-Prussian War. This war proved disastrous for France, and was instrumental in giving birth to the German Empire, which took France's place as the major land power on the continent of Europe. In battle against Prussia in July 1870 the Emperor was captured at the Battle of Sedan (September 2) and was deposed by the forces of the Third Republic in Paris two days later. He died in exile in England on January 9, 1873.
He is buried in the Imperial Crypt at Saint ...
See also:Napoleon III of France, Napoleon III of France - Early life, Napoleon III of France - President of the French Republic, Napoleon III of France - Emperor of the French, Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire, Napoleon III of France - Liberal Empire, Napoleon III of France - Foreign policy, Napoleon III of France - Demise, Napoleon III of France - Legacy, Napoleon III of France - Opinions, Napoleon III of France - Publications Read more here: » Napoleon III of France: Encyclopedia II - Napoleon III of France - Demise |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - Terminology
France - Origin of the country's name.
The name France comes from Medieval Latin Francia, which literally means "land of the Franks, Frankland". Originally it applied to the whole Frankish Empire, extending from southern France to eastern Germany. At the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the Frankish Empire was divided in three parts, and eventually only two: Francia Occidentalis (i.e. "Western Frankland") and Francia Orientalis (i.e. "Eastern Frankland"). The rulers of Francia Orientalis, who ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - Terminology |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - Culture
France - Marianne.
Marianne is a symbol of the French Republic. She is an allegorical figure of liberty and the Republic and first appeared at the time of the French Revolution. The earliest representations of Marianne are of a woman wearing a Phrygian cap. The origins of the name Marianne are unknown, but Marie-Anne was a very common first name in the 18th century. Anti-revolutionaries of the time derisively called her La République.
It is believed that revolutionaries from the South of France adopted th ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - Culture |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - GeographyWhile the main territory of France (metropolitan France; French: la Métropole, or France métropolitaine) is located in Western Europe, France is also constituted from a number of territories in North America, the Caribbean, South America, the southern Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and Antarctica (sovereignty claims in Antarctica are governed by the Antarctic Treaty System). These territories have varying forms of government ranging from overseas dé ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - Geography |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Lists of emperors
Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires.
Persian Empire (559 BC–330 BC) - see List of kings of Persia
Empire of Alexander the Great (334 BC–281 BC)
Mauryan Empire (321 BC–185 BC) - see Mauryan dynasty
Chinese Empire (221 BC–1911) - see Table of Chinese monarchs
Roman Empire (27 BC–476) - see List of Roman Emperors
Holy Roman Empire (800 and 962–1806) - see List of Holy Roman Emperors
Byzantine Empire (395–1453) ...
See also:Emperor, Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch, Emperor - Imperium maius, Emperor - Historical development, Emperor - Europe, Emperor - The Americas, Emperor - Africa, Emperor - Asia, Emperor - Persian tradition, Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions, Emperor - Other traditions, Emperor - Lists of emperors, Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires, Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires', Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors, Emperor - Fictional emperors, Emperor - Notes, Emperor - Trivia Read more here: » Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Lists of emperors |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarchBoth kings and emperors are monarchs. There is no single rule to distinguish the one from the other: several factors, like interpretations of historians, the size and characteristics of the governed realm, and the title(s) chosen by the monarch play a part in distinguishing the one from the other. General characteristics indicating that a monarch is to be considered an emperor rather than a king include:
The monarch chose a title that usually translates as "emperor" in English, and/or is accepted as the equivalent of "emperor" i ...
See also:Emperor, Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch, Emperor - Imperium maius, Emperor - Historical development, Emperor - Europe, Emperor - The Americas, Emperor - Africa, Emperor - Asia, Emperor - Persian tradition, Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions, Emperor - Other traditions, Emperor - Lists of emperors, Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires, Emperor - Emperors of short-lived 'empires', Emperor - Self-proclaimed emperors, Emperor - Fictional emperors, Emperor - Notes, Emperor - Trivia Read more here: » Emperor: Encyclopedia II - Emperor - Distinction between Emperor and other types of monarch |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - HistoryThe borders of modern France are roughly the same as those of ancient Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic Gauls. Gaul was conquered by the Romans in the first century BCE, and the Gauls eventually adopted Roman speech and culture. Christianity also took root in the second and third centuries CE.
In the fourth century CE, Gaul's eastern frontier along the Rhine was overrun by Germanic tribes, principally the Franks, from whom the ancient name of "Francie" was derived. The modern name "France" derives from the name of the feudal ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - History |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - Government and politicsThe constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by referendum on September 28, 1958. It greatly strengthened the authority of the executive in relation to Parliament.
Under the constitution, the President of the French Republic is elected directly by universal adult suffrage for a 5-year (originally 7-year) term. Presidential arbitration assures regular functioning of the public powers and the continuity of the state. The president names the prime minister, presides over the cabinet, ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - Government and politics |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - EconomyFrance's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered) with substantial (though declining) government intervention (see dirigisme). The government retains considerable influence over key segments of infrastructure sectors, with majority ownership of railway, electricity, aircraft, and telecommunication firms. It has been gradually relaxing its control over these sectors since the early 1990s. The government is slowly selling off holdings in France Télécom, Air France, as well as the insurance ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - Economy |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - Administrative divisionsFrance has 26 administrative régions: 21 metropolitan régions, the territorial collectivity of Corse (Corsica) (commonly referred to as a région), and four overseas régions. The régions are subdivided into 100 départements. The departments are numbered (mainly alphabetically) and this number is used in postal codes and vehicle number plates.
The departments are subdivided into 342 arrondissements and 4,035 cantons which serve only administrative and electoral purposes, and 36,682 comm ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - Administrative divisions |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France - MilitaryThe French armed forces are divided into four branches:
Army (Armée de Terre)
Navy (Marine Nationale)
Air Force (Armée de l'Air)
Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale), a military police force which serves for the most part as a rural and general purpose police force. Military age is 17. Since the Algerian War of Independence, conscription has been steadily reduced and was abolished by the governmen ...
See also:France, France - Geography, France - History, France - Government and politics, France - Military, France - Administrative divisions, France - Economy, France - Demographics, France - Population, France - Languages, France - Cities, France - Culture, France - Marianne, France - Religion, France - Terminology, France - Origin of the country's name, France - Meanings of the name France, France - Miscellaneous topics, France - International rankings, France - Notes and references Read more here: » France: Encyclopedia II - France - Military |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Evansville Indiana - GeographyEvansville is located at 37°58'38" North, 87°33'2" West (37.977166, -87.550566)GR1.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 105.6 km² (40.8 mi²). 105.4 km² (40.7 mi²) of it is land and 0.2 km² (0.1 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 0.15% water. The city faces the Ohio River along its southern boundary.
Evansville Indiana - Climate.
Evansville has a moderate climate and four distinct seasons. Average temperatures range from 32 degrees Fahrenheit to 78 degrees Fahrenheit. Annual rainfall averages 4 ...
See also:Evansville Indiana, Evansville Indiana - Geography, Evansville Indiana - Climate, Evansville Indiana - Demographics, Evansville Indiana - Cultural Features, Evansville Indiana - Points of Interest, Evansville Indiana - Festivals, Evansville Indiana - Arts & Museums, Evansville Indiana - Sports, Evansville Indiana - Parks, Evansville Indiana - Law & Government, Evansville Indiana - Education, Evansville Indiana - Transportation, Evansville Indiana - Business & Employment, Evansville Indiana - Media, Evansville Indiana - History, Evansville Indiana - Famous People from Evansville, Evansville Indiana - Trivia Read more here: » Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia II - Evansville Indiana - Geography |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Evansville Indiana - DemographicsEvansville is Indiana's third largest city and the regional hub for the tri-state area of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. According to the census of 2000, there are 121,582 people and 30,527 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,153.4/km² (2,987.0/mi²). There are 57,065 housing units at an average density of 541.3/km² (1,402.0/mi²). The racial makeup of the Evansville is 86.24% White, 10.92% African American, 0.21% Native American, 0.72% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.49% from other races, and 1.37% from two or more races. 1.14% o ...
See also:Evansville Indiana, Evansville Indiana - Geography, Evansville Indiana - Climate, Evansville Indiana - Demographics, Evansville Indiana - Cultural Features, Evansville Indiana - Points of Interest, Evansville Indiana - Festivals, Evansville Indiana - Arts & Museums, Evansville Indiana - Sports, Evansville Indiana - Parks, Evansville Indiana - Law & Government, Evansville Indiana - Education, Evansville Indiana - Transportation, Evansville Indiana - Business & Employment, Evansville Indiana - Media, Evansville Indiana - History, Evansville Indiana - Famous People from Evansville, Evansville Indiana - Trivia Read more here: » Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia II - Evansville Indiana - Demographics |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Franco-Prussian War - Opposing forcesThe French Army comprised approximately 400,000 regular soldiers, some veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria, Franco-Austrian War in Italy, and in Mexico supporting the Second Mexican Empire. The infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 meters with a rapid reload time. The artillery was equipped with somewhat less mode ...
See also:Franco-Prussian War, Franco-Prussian War - Causes of the war, Franco-Prussian War - The Luxembourg Crisis, Franco-Prussian War - French prestige and domestic politics, Franco-Prussian War - Bismarck and German nationalism, Franco-Prussian War - Crisis and the outbreak of war, Franco-Prussian War - Alliances and diplomacy, Franco-Prussian War - Opposing forces, Franco-Prussian War - French incursions, Franco-Prussian War - Occupation of Saarbrücken, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Wissembourg, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Woerth, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Spicheren, Franco-Prussian War - German invasion, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Mars-La-Tour, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Gravelotte, Franco-Prussian War - Siege of Metz, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Sedan, Franco-Prussian War - Overthrow of the French monarchy and armistice negotiations, Franco-Prussian War - The war continues, Franco-Prussian War - Siege of Paris, Franco-Prussian War - The Loire Campaign, Franco-Prussian War - Eastern Campaign, Franco-Prussian War - Armistice, Franco-Prussian War - Aftermath Read more here: » Franco-Prussian War: Encyclopedia II - Franco-Prussian War - Opposing forces |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - Franco-Prussian War - Causes of the warTensions had long been running high between Prussia and France following the Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War and its subsequent annexation of almost all Northern Germany. The humbling of Austria and Prussia's new territorial gains had shattered the European balance of power that had existed since the end of the Napoleonic Wars.
Following the end of the Austro-Prussian War, Prussian prime minister Otto von Bismarck and the French emperor Napoleon III had attempted to reach a private agreement regarding the balance of power ...
See also:Franco-Prussian War, Franco-Prussian War - Causes of the war, Franco-Prussian War - The Luxembourg Crisis, Franco-Prussian War - French prestige and domestic politics, Franco-Prussian War - Bismarck and German nationalism, Franco-Prussian War - Crisis and the outbreak of war, Franco-Prussian War - Alliances and diplomacy, Franco-Prussian War - Opposing forces, Franco-Prussian War - French incursions, Franco-Prussian War - Occupation of Saarbrücken, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Wissembourg, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Woerth, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Spicheren, Franco-Prussian War - German invasion, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Mars-La-Tour, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Gravelotte, Franco-Prussian War - Siege of Metz, Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Sedan, Franco-Prussian War - Overthrow of the French monarchy and armistice negotiations, Franco-Prussian War - The war continues, Franco-Prussian War - Siege of Paris, Franco-Prussian War - The Loire Campaign, Franco-Prussian War - Eastern Campaign, Franco-Prussian War - Armistice, Franco-Prussian War - Aftermath Read more here: » Franco-Prussian War: Encyclopedia II - Franco-Prussian War - Causes of the war |
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|  |  |  | Second French Empire: Encyclopedia II - France in the nineteenth century - France and the French in the 19th century
France in the nineteenth century - Geography.
At the time of the French Revolution, France had expanded to nearly her modern territorial limits. The nineteenth century would complete the process by the annexation of the Duchy of Savoy and the city of Nice (first during the First Empire, and then definitvely in 1860) and some small papal (like Avignon) and foreign possessions. France's territorial limits were greatly extended during the Empire through Napoléon Bonaparte's military conquests and re-organization of ...
See also:France in the nineteenth century, France in the nineteenth century - France and the French in the 19th century, France in the nineteenth century - Geography, France in the nineteenth century - Demographics, France in the nineteenth century - Language, France in the nineteenth century - Historical Overview, France in the nineteenth century - The Period of the French Revolution, France in the nineteenth century - Napoleon and the French Empire, France in the nineteenth century - The Restoration, France in the nineteenth century - July Monarchy, France in the nineteenth century - Second Republic, France in the nineteenth century - Second Empire, France in the nineteenth century - The Third Republic, France in the nineteenth century - French Colonialism, France in the nineteenth century - Literature, France in the nineteenth century - Art Read more here: » France in the nineteenth century: Encyclopedia II - France in the nineteenth century - France and the French in the 19th century |
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