Encyclopedia - Second French Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - Second French Empire - Rule Of Napoleon Iii
Although the machinery of government was almost the same under the Second Empire as it had been under the First, its founding principles ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia - 19th Century
The 19th century lasted from 1801 to 1900 in the Gregorian calendar (using the Common Era system of year numbering). Historians sometimes...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1870s: Encyclopedia - 1870s
1840s 1850s 1860s - 1870s - 1880s 1890s 1900s 1870s - Events and Trends. 1870s - Technology. The invention of the telephone (1876) by...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia - Emperor
An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress is the feminine form ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia - France
1 See Languages section for regional languages 2 Whole territory of the French Republic, including all the overseas departments and terri...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1850s: Encyclopedia - 1850s
1850s - Technology. Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Europe
In 1801, the Irish parliament voted to merge Ireland with England, thus creating the United Kingdom. Ireland remained under total British...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Jon Courtenay Grimwood: Encyclopedia Ii - Jon Courtenay Grimwood - Bibliography
Jon Courtenay Grimwood - Arabesk trilogy. Pashazade (2001) ISBN 0743468333 Effendi (2002) ISBN 0671773690 Felaheen (2003) ISBN 0671773...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Napoleon Iii Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Napoleon Iii Of France - Early Life
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, as he was known before becoming emperor, was the son of Hortense de Beauharnais, who was the daughter of Napol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France In The Nineteenth Century: Encyclopedia Ii - France In The Nineteenth Century - Historical Overview
France in the nineteenth century - The Period of the French Revolution. Main article: French Revolution Louis XVI of France's reign s...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Giuseppe Garibaldi: Encyclopedia Ii - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Campaign Of 1860
At the beginning of April 1860, uprisings in Messina and Palermo in the absolutist Kingdom of the Two Sicilies provided Garibaldi with an...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bouvard Et Pécuchet: Encyclopedia Ii - Bouvard Et Pécuchet - Themes
Nowhere do Flaubert's explorations of the relation of signs to the objects they signify reach a more thorough study than in this work. Bo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Historical Development Of The Roman & Christian Tradition
Emperor - Europe & Byzantium. In the Roman tradition a large variety in the meaning and importance of the Imperial form of monarch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First French Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - First French Empire - Origins
Napoleon Bonaparte was approached by one of a member of the Directory, Sieyès, seeking his support for a coup to overthrow the constitut...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Intervention In Mexico: Encyclopedia Ii - French Intervention In Mexico - 1862: Arrival Of The French
The British and French fleets arrived at Veracruz between the 6 and 8 January 1862. The city of Campeche surrendered to the French fleet ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Cultural Features
Evansville Indiana - Points of Interest. Casino Aztar's entertainment facility includes a 2,700 passenger riverboat casino and a riverf...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Château De Bagatelle: Encyclopedia Ii - Château De Bagatelle - History
The château was initially built as a small hunting lodge built for the Maréchal d'Estrées in 1720. In 1775, the Comte d'Artois, Louis ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1870s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1870s - Events And Trends
1870s - Technology. The invention of the telephone (1876) by Alexander Graham Bell. The light bulb was invented. The phonograph is inv...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Place De L'Étoile: Encyclopedia Ii - Place De L'Étoile - Description
The twelve avenues, clockwise from the north, are: Avenue de Wagram, thus called since the Second French Empire, and boulevard de l'Éto...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Émile Cohl: Encyclopedia Ii - Émile Cohl - Later Years
On May 18, 1920, the French translation of the article "The Making of Animated Cartoons" by Bert Green (Motion Picture Magazine, May 1919...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 1850s: Encyclopedia Ii - 1850s - Events And Trends
1850s - Technology. Production of steel revolutionised by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman fractionates petroleum b...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Europe
In 1801, the Irish parliament voted to merge Ireland with England, thus creating the United Kingdom. Ireland remained under total British...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sentimental Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Sentimental Education - Characters
The characters of Sentimental Education are marked by capriciousness and self-interest. Frederic, the main character, is originally infat...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Historical Development
Emperor - Europe. In the Roman tradition a large variety in the meaning and importance of the Imperial form of monarchy developed: in ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Simon Newcomb: Encyclopedia Ii - Simon Newcomb - Life
Son of Emily Prince and itinerant school teacher John Burton Newcomb, Simon soon became disillusioned with Dr Foshay and walked the 120 m...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - Second Opium War
At the beginning of 1857 tidings from China reached England of a rupture between the British plenipotentiary in that country and the gove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Puppet State: Encyclopedia Ii - Puppet State - Accusations Of Puppet States Since 1900
Puppet state - World War II. The Allies in World War II accused their enemies, the Axis powers, of setting up puppet states in their co...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Demographics
Since prehistoric times, France has been a crossroads of trade, migrations, and invasions. Four basic European ethnic stocks - Celtic (Ga...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franco-prussian War: Encyclopedia Ii - Franco-prussian War - German Invasion
Franco-Prussian War - Battle of Mars-La-Tour. Main article: Battle of Mars-La-Tour 130,000 French soldiers were bottled up in the Fo...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Demographics
According to the census of 2000, there are 121,582 people and 30,527 families residing in the city. The population density is 1,153.4/kmÂ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Lists Of Emperors
Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires. Persian Empire (559 BC–330 BC) - see List of kings of Persia Empire of Alexander the Gre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - History On Other Imperial Traditions
Emperor - Pre-Columbian American traditions. The only pre-Columbian North American rulers to be commonly called emperors were the Huey...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Napoleon Iii Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Napoleon Iii Of France - Emperor Of The French
Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire. New constitutional statutes were passed which officially maintained an elected Parliamen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Inventions Discoveries Introductions
Main articles: Timeline of invention#19th_century and Timeline of scientific discoveries#1800s Research became institutionalized at resea...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Bouvard Et Pécuchet: Encyclopedia Ii - Bouvard Et Pécuchet - Plot
Bouvard et Pécuchet details the adventures of two Parisian copy-clerks, François Denys Bartholomée Bouvard and Juste Romain Cyrille PÃ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Distinction Between Emperor And Other Types Of Monarch
Both kings and emperors are monarchs. There is no single rule to distinguish the one from the other: several factors, like interpretation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Geography
While the main territory of France (metropolitan France; French: la Métropole, or France métropolitaine) is located in Western Europe, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - First Publications
In 1835 he published his first pamphlet, entitled England, Ireland and America, by a Manchester Manufacturer. Cobden advocated the princi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - Early Years
Cobden was born at a farmhouse called Dunford, near Midhurst, in Sussex. His family had been resident in that neighbourhood for many gene...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Culture
France - Marianne. Main article: Marianne Marianne is a symbol of the French Republic. She is an allegorical figure of liberty and th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Economy
France's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered) with substantial (though declining) gove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - Corn Laws
In 1838, an association was formed in Manchester in opposition to the Corn Laws, which, on his suggestion, was afterwards changed into a ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - Tribute And Sojourn
Cobden had sacrificed his business, his domestic comforts and for a time his health to the campaign. His friends therefore felt, that the...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Sentimental Education: Encyclopedia Ii - Sentimental Education - Plot
The novel describes the life of a young man (Frederic Moreau) living through the revolution of 1848 and the founding of the Second French...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - Legacy
Cobden, and what is was called "Cobdenism" and later identified with laissez-faire, was subjected to much criticism from the school of En...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - American Civil War
When the Civil War threatened to break out in the United States, Cobden was deeply distressed. But after the conflict became inevitable h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Richard Cobden: Encyclopedia Ii - Richard Cobden - Peace Campaigner
When Cobden returned from abroad, he addressed himself to what seemed to him the logical complement of free trade, namely, the promotion ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Government And Politics
Main articles: Government of France and Politics of France The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by referendum on September...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Significant People
19th century - Anthropology. Lewis H. Morgan Franz Boas Edward Burnett Tylor Karl Verner Brothers Grimm Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai Johan...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Military
The French armed forces are divided into four branches: Army (Armée de Terre) Navy (Marine Nationale) Air Force (Armée de l'Air) Genda...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Government And Politics
Image:A17.jpg Main articles: Government of France, and Politics of France, and [[]], and [[]]   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Geography
While the main territory of France (metropolitan France; French: la Métropole, or France métropolitaine) is located in Western Europe, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franco-prussian War: Encyclopedia Ii - Franco-prussian War - Armistice
On January 28th 1871, the Government of National Defense based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Economy
France's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered) with substantial (though declining) gove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Culture
France - Marianne. Main articles: Marianne, and [[]], and [[]], and [[]], and [[]] M ... See also:France, France - Geography, France ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Intervention In Mexico: Encyclopedia Ii - French Intervention In Mexico - 1867: Republicans Take The Capital
The Republicans occupied the rest of the states of Zacatecas, San Luis Potosí and Guanajuato in January. The French evacuated the capita...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Intervention In Mexico: Encyclopedia Ii - French Intervention In Mexico - 1865: Beginning Of Republican Victories
The French continue with victories in 1865, with Bazaine capturing Oaxaca on 9 February (defeating the city's defenders under General Por...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Intervention In Mexico: Encyclopedia Ii - French Intervention In Mexico - 1864: Maximilian Arrives
The French under Bazaine occupied Guadalajara on 7 January 1864, and troops under Douay occupied Zacatecas on 6 February. Further French ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - French Intervention In Mexico: Encyclopedia Ii - French Intervention In Mexico - 1863: French Take The Capital
The French bombarded Acapulco on 15 January 1863. Then, on 16 March, General Forey and the French army begins the siege of Puebla. On 30 ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franco-prussian War: Encyclopedia Ii - Franco-prussian War - Eastern Campaign
Following the destruction of the French Army of the Loire, remnants of the Loire army gathered in eastern France to form the Army of the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franco-prussian War: Encyclopedia Ii - Franco-prussian War - The Loire Campaign
Faced with the German blockade of Paris, the new French government called for the establishment of several large armies in France's provi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Significant People
19th century - Anthropology. Franz Boas Edward Burnett Tylor Karl Verner Brothers Grimm Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai Johann Jakob Bachofen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Events
19th century - 1800s. 1801: The Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland merge to form the United Kingdom. 1801-15: Barbary...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Other Regions
For the rest of the world, there were few places not influenced by the West in some fashion, whether through colonialism, imperialism, or...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - 19th Century: Encyclopedia Ii - 19th Century - Americas
The United States began expansion across the North American Continent, beginning with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. This expansion was ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Napoleon Iii Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Napoleon Iii Of France - President Of The French Republic
Louis-Napoléon lived in Great Britain until the revolution of February 1848 in France deposed King Louis Phillipe and established a Repu...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Napoleon Iii Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Napoleon Iii Of France - Emperor Of The French
Napoleon III of France - Authoritarian Empire. New constitutional statutes were passed which officially maintained an elected Parliamen...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Napoleon Iii Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Napoleon Iii Of France - Opinions
Napoléon III, to this day, has not enjoyed the prestige that Napoléon I enjoyed. Victor Hugo portrayed him as "Napoléon the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Napoleon Iii Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Napoleon Iii Of France - Legacy
An important legacy of Napoléon's III reign was the rebuilding of Paris. Part of the design decisions were taken in order to reduce the ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Napoleon Iii Of France: Encyclopedia Ii - Napoleon Iii Of France - Demise
Napoléon III paid the price for his Austrian blunder in 1870 when, forced by the diplomacy of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, N...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Terminology
France - Origin of the country's name. The name France comes from Medieval Latin Francia, which literally means "land of the Franks, Fr...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Culture
France - Marianne. Marianne is a symbol of the French Republic. She is an allegorical figure of liberty and the Republic and first appe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Geography
While the main territory of France (metropolitan France; French: la Métropole, or France métropolitaine) is located in Western Europe, ...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Lists Of Emperors
Emperor - Emperors of traditional empires. Persian Empire (559 BC–330 BC) - see List of kings of Persia Empire of Alexander the Gre...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Emperor: Encyclopedia Ii - Emperor - Distinction Between Emperor And Other Types Of Monarch
Both kings and emperors are monarchs. There is no single rule to distinguish the one from the other: several factors, like interpretation...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - History
The borders of modern France are roughly the same as those of ancient Gaul, which was inhabited by Celtic Gauls. Gaul was conquered by th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Government And Politics
The constitution of the Fifth Republic was approved by referendum on September 28, 1958. It greatly strengthened the authority of the exe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Economy
France's economy combines extensive private enterprise (nearly 2.5 million companies registered) with substantial (though declining) gove...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Administrative Divisions
France has 26 administrative régions: 21 metropolitan régions, the territorial collectivity of Corse (Corsica) (commonly referred to as...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France: Encyclopedia Ii - France - Military
The French armed forces are divided into four branches: Army (Armée de Terre) Navy (Marine Nationale) Air Force (Armée de l'Air) Genda...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Geography
Evansville is located at 37°58'38" North, 87°33'2" West (37.977166, -87.550566)GR1. According to the United States Census Bureau, the c...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Demographics
Evansville is Indiana's third largest city and the regional hub for the tri-state area of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky. According to th...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franco-prussian War: Encyclopedia Ii - Franco-prussian War - Opposing Forces
The French Army comprised approximately 400,000 regular soldiers, some veterans of previous French campaigns in the Crimean War, Algeria,...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franco-prussian War: Encyclopedia Ii - Franco-prussian War - Causes Of The War
Tensions had long been running high between Prussia and France following the Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War and its subseque...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - France In The Nineteenth Century: Encyclopedia Ii - France In The Nineteenth Century - France And The French In The 19th Century
France in the nineteenth century - Geography. At the time of the French Revolution, France had expanded to nearly her modern territoria...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First French Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - First French Empire - The Endgame
(see main articles on Napoleon's Invasion of Russia and the Sixth Coalition ) Napoleon had hardly succeeded in putting down the revolt in...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Franco-prussian War: Encyclopedia Ii - Franco-prussian War - French Incursions
On 28 July 1870, Napoleon III left Paris for Metz and assumed command of the newly titled Army of the Rhine, some 100,000 strong and expe...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Giuseppe Garibaldi: Encyclopedia Ii - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Early Activity
A special day for Garibaldi came on a visit to Taganrog, Russia, in April 1833, where he moored for ten days with the schooner Clorinda a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Giuseppe Garibaldi: Encyclopedia Ii - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Expedition Against Rome
A challenge against the Pope's temporal domain was viewed with great distrust by Catholics around the world, and the French emperor Napol...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Giuseppe Garibaldi: Encyclopedia Ii - Giuseppe Garibaldi - Return To Italy
Garibaldi returned to Italy in the tumult of the revolutions of 1848, and offered his services to Charles Albert of Sardinia. The monarch...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Giuseppe Garibaldi: Encyclopedia Ii - Giuseppe Garibaldi - South American Adventures
After Tunisia, Garibaldi left for Brazil and took up the cause of independence from Portugal (see War of Tatters). During this war he enc...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First French Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - First French Empire - Intrigues Unrest And Corruption
But undermining forces already impinged: the faults inherent in his unwieldy achievement. Britain, his chief enemy, was persistently acti...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First French Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - First French Empire - At The Crossroads
After the Treaties of Tilsit, however (July 1807), instead of trying to reconcile Europe to his grandeur, Napoleon had but one thought: t...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Transportation
Immediate access to all major forms of transportation makes Evansville an important factor in Indiana's global economy. The city boasts a...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Education
The city and county are divided into a nationally recognized public school system of 20 elementary schools, 11 middle schools, and five p...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Law & Government
The Mayor of Evansville, Jonathan Weinzapfel, serves as the chief executive officer and a nine-member elected City Council is the legisla...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Business & Employment
Evansville is the regional center for a large trade area in Indiana, Kentucky, and Illinois. The broad economic base of the region have h...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - Media
The principal daily newspaper is the Evansville Courier & Press, which is owned by the E.W. Scripps Company. The newspaper also publi...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First French Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - First French Empire - Early Victories
In the first of these campaigns Bonaparte swept away the remnants of the old Holy Roman Empire, and out of its shattered fragments create...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - First French Empire: Encyclopedia Ii - First French Empire - From Consulate To Empire
Bonaparte, though an emperor, was in a relatively dangerous position compared to other authoritarian European monarchs of the time. Aware...   » Read the article

Encyclopedia - Evansville Indiana: Encyclopedia Ii - Evansville Indiana - History
Settled by pioneer immigrants some 200 years ago, the city of Evansville is situated on a gentle horseshoe bend on the Ohio River. The fi...   » Read the article