Scots language - Status

Whether the varieties of Scots are dialects of Scottish English or constitute a separate language in their own right is often disputed. Before the Treaty of Union 1707, when Scotland and England joined to form the (United) Kingdom of Great Britain, there is ample evidence that Scots was widely held to be a language other than English [1]. The British government now accepts Scots as a regional language and has recognised it as such under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Evidence for its existence as a separate l ...

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Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Status

Whether the varieties of Scots are dialects of English or constitute a separate language in their own right is often disputed. Before the Treaty of Union 1707, when Scotland and England joined to form the (United) Kingdom of Great Britain, there is ample evidence that Scots was widely held to be a language other than English [1]. The British government now accepts Scots as a regional language and has recognised it as such under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Evidence for its existence as a separate language l ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language Change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Status

Many writers now strictly avoid apostrophes where they supposedly represent "missing" English letters. Such letters were never actually missing in Scots. For example, in the twelfth century, Barbour spelt the Scots cognate of 'taken' as tane. Since there has been no k in the word for over 700 years, representing its omission with an apostrophe seems pointless. The current spelling is usually taen. The following is more a guide for readers. How the spellings are applied in practice is beyond the scope of such a short description. Phonetics are in IPA. See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language Change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Pronunciation

Many writers now strictly avoid apostrophes where they supposedly represent "missing" English letters. Such letters were never actually missing in Scots. For example, in the twelfth century, Barbour spelt the Scots cognate of 'taken' as tane. Since there has been no k in the word for over 700 years, representing its omission with an apostrophe seems pointless. The current spelling is usually taen. The following is more a guide for readers. How the spellings are applied in practice is beyond the scope of such a short description. Phonetics are in IPA. See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Pronunciation

After the Union of Scotland and England the issue of language became topical and foremost was the question of whether Scottish people should speak English or Scots. Gaelic was never considered an option; at the time it was mostly relegated to the Highlands and Islands. Scots became considered to have a substratal relationship to English as opposed to an adstratal relationship. On one hand well-off Scots took to learning English through such activities as those of the Irishman Thomas Sheridan (father of Richard Sheridan) who in 1761 ga ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Language change

Among the earliest Scots literature is Barbour's Brus (fourteenth century). Whyntoun's Kronykil and Blind Harry's Wallace (fifteenth century) From the fifteenth century much literature based around the Royal Court in Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews was produced by writers such as Henryson, Dunbar, Douglas and David Lyndsay. The Complaynt of Scotland was an early printed work in Scots. After the seventeenth century, anglicisation increased, though Scots was still spoken by the vast majority of the ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Literature

Not all of these are exclusive to Scots and may also occur in other Anglic varieties. Scots language - The definite article. The is used before the names of seasons, days of the week, many nouns, diseases, trades, occupations, sciences and academic subjects. It is also often used in place of the indefinite article and instead of a possessive pronoun: the hairst (autumn), the Wadensday (wednesday), awa til the kirk (off to church), the nou (at the moment), the day ( ...

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Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Some grammar features

There are at least five Scots dialects: Northern Scots, spoken north of Dundee, often split into North Northern, Mid Northern—also known as North East Scots and affectionately referred to as "the Doric"—and South Northern. Central Scots, spoken from Fife and Perthshire to the Lothians and Wigtownshire, often split into North East and South East Central, West Central and South West Central Scots. South Scots or simply "Border Tongue" spoken in the Border areas. Insular Scots, spoken in the Orkney Is ...

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Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Dialects

Not all of these are exclusive to Scots and may also occur in other Anglic varieties. Scots language - The definite article. The is used before the names of seasons, days of the week, many nouns, diseases, trades, occupations, sciences and academic subjects. It is also often used in place of the indefinite article and instead of a possessive pronoun: the hairst (autumn), the Wadensday (wednesday), awa til the kirk (off to church), the nou (at the moment), the day ( ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language Change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Some grammar features

After the Union of Scotland and England the issue of language became topical and foremost was the question of whether Scottish people should speak English or Scots. Gaelic was never considered an option; at the time it was mostly relegated to the Highlands and Islands. Scots became considered to have a substratal relationship to English as opposed to an adstratal relationship. On one hand well-off Scots took to learning English through such activities as those of the Irishman Thomas Sheridan (father of Richard Sheridan) who in 1761 ga ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language Change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Language Change

Among the earliest Scots literature is Barbour's Brus (fourteenth century). Whyntoun's Kronykil and Blind Harry's Wallace (fifteenth century) From the fifteenth century much literature based around the Royal Court in Edinburgh and the University of St Andrews was produced by writers such as Henryson, Dunbar, Douglas and David Lyndsay. The Complaynt of Scotland was an early printed work in Scots. After the seventeenth century, anglicisation increased, though Scots was still spoken by the vast majority of the ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language Change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Literature

There are at least five Scots dialects: Northern Scots, spoken north of Dundee, often split into North Northern, Mid Northern—also known as North East Scots and affectionately referred to as "the Doric"—and South Northern. Central Scots, spoken from Fife and Perthshire to the Lothians and Wigtownshire, often split into North East and South East Central, West Central and South West Central Scots. South Scots, spoken in the border areas. Insular Scots, spoken in the Orkney Islands and Shetland Island ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language Change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Dialects

The Scots language descends from the northern form of the Northumbrian dialect of Middle English, which itself descended from the Northumbrian dialect of Anglo-Saxon brought by the Angles. Besides Gaelic influence, influential were Dutch and Middle Low German through trade with, and immigration from, the low countries; as well as Romance via ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Anglo-Norman and, later, Parisian French owing to the Auld Alliance. Anglic speakers were actually established in Lothian by the 7th century, but were largely confined the ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language Change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Origins

The Scots language descends from the northern form of the Northumbrian dialect of Middle English, which itself descended from the Northumbrian dialect of Anglo-Saxon brought by the Angles. Besides Gaelic influence, influential were Dutch and Middle Low German through trade with, and immigration from, the low countries; as well as Romance via ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Anglo-Norman and, later, Parisian French owing to the Auld Alliance. Anglic speakers were actually established in Lothian by the 7th century, but were largely confined the ...

See also:

Scots language, Scots language - Origin of the term Scots, Scots language - Origins, Scots language - Status, Scots language - Language change, Scots language - Literature, Scots language - Dialects, Scots language - Pronunciation, Scots language - Consonants, Scots language - Silent letters, Scots language - Vowels, Scots language - Suffixes, Scots language - Some grammar features, Scots language - The definite article, Scots language - Nouns, Scots language - Diminutives, Scots language - Modal verbs, Scots language - Present tense of verbs, Scots language - Past tense of verbs, Scots language - Word order, Scots language - Ordinal numbers, Scots language - Adverbs, Scots language - Subordinate clauses, Scots language - Negation, Scots language - Relative pronoun

Read more here: » Scots language: Encyclopedia II - Scots language - Origins