Scots

962 - Events. February 2 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. February 3 - John and Otto co-sign the Diploma Ottonianum Death of Indulf, King of the Scots and Picts; succeeded by Dubh. 962 - Births. Edward the Martyr 962 - Deaths. Dong Yuan Indulf, King of the Scots and Picts (killed in battle) Category: 962< ...

Including:

• 962 - Events
• 962 - Births
• 962 - Deaths

Read more here: » 962: Encyclopedia - 962

Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. Battles are most often fought during wars or military campaigns and can usually be well defined in time, space and action. Wars and campaigns are guided by strategy whereas battles are the stage on which tactics are employed. German strategist Carl von Clausewitz stated that "the employment of battles to gain the end of war" was the essence of strategy. Battle - Characteristics of battle< ...

Including:

• Battle - Characteristics of battle
• Battle - The factors of battles
• Battle - Types of battle
• Battle - The differences among land battles throughout history
• Battle - The difference of naval battles throughout history
• Battle - Aerial battles throughout history
• Battle - Battle naming
• Battle - The effects of a battle

Read more here: » Battle: Encyclopedia - Battle

The Scots song A Man's a man for a' that by Robert Burns is known for its expression of egalitarian ideas of society which may be seen as anticipating the ideas of liberalism which arose in the 18th century and socialism which arose in the 19th century. It is known in translations into other European languages, in German for example as Trotz alledem und alledem. The song was sung at the opening of the Scottish parliament ...

Read more here: » A Man's A Man for A' That: Encyclopedia - A Man's A Man for A' That

"Ulster-Scots" is a term used to refer to the people descended from Presbyterians of Scotland who live in Ulster, Ireland. "Scotch-Irish" is the usual term in the United States; "Scots-Irish" is also used to refer to the same people, and is not to be confused with Irish-Scots, i.e. Irish immigrants to Scotland. They are largely descendant from the Northumbrians of the the Scottish Borders Country, and the Brythonic-speaking Britons of the Scottish Lowlands. The migration of Scots to Ulster occurred mainly during t ...

Read more here: » Ulster-Scots: Encyclopedia - Ulster-Scots

1423 - Events. July 31 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. August 23 - English with Burgundian soldiers defeat the French, who were supported by the Scots, at Verneuil. The English-Burgundian alliance was strengthened by the marriage of the Duke of Bedford to Anne of Burgundy. Anne was sister of Philip the Good, Duke of Burgandy. Philip the Good had allied Burgundy with England after his father was murdered in 1419 by the ...

Including:

• 1423 - Events
• 1423 - Births
• 1423 - Deaths

Read more here: » 1423: Encyclopedia - 1423

Valentinian I (321 - November 17, 375) was a Roman Emperor (364 - 375). He was born at Cibalis, in Pannonia, the son of a successful general, Gratian the Elder. His name was Flavius Valentinianus. He had been an officer of the Praetorian guard under Julian and Jovian, and had risen high in the imperial service. Of robust frame and distinguished appearance, he possessed great courage and military capacity. After the death of Jovian, he was chosen emperor in his forty-third year by the officers of the army at Nicaea in Bithynia on February 26, 364, and shortly afterwards named ...

Read more here: » Valentinian I: Encyclopedia - Valentinian I

Flavius Julius Crispus, also known as Flavius Claudius Crispus and Flavius Valerius Crispus was a Caesar of the Roman Empire. He was the first-born son of Constantine I the Great by Minervina. Crispus - Life account. Crispus - Birth. Crispus' year and place of birth are uncertain. He is considered likely to have been born between 299 and 305 A.D. somewhere in the Eastern Roman Empire. His mother Minervina was either a concubine or a first wife to Constantine. Nothi ...

Including:

• Crispus - Life account
• Crispus - Birth
• Crispus - Question of legitimacy
• Crispus - Education
• Crispus - Career
• Crispus - Execution
• Crispus - Mythological archetype

Read more here: » Crispus: Encyclopedia - Crispus

The culture of the people living on the island of Ireland is far from monolithic. Many notable cultural divides exist between the rural people and city dwellers, between the Catholic and Protestant people of Ulster, between the Irish-speaking people within and without the Gaeltacht regions and the English-speaking majority population, between the settled people and the Travellers, and, increasingly, between new immigrants and the native population. Culture of Ireland - Land use and settlement patterns. ...

Including:

• Culture of Ireland - Land use and settlement patterns
• Culture of Ireland - Agriculture and rural life
• Culture of Ireland - Townslands villages parishes and counties
• Culture of Ireland - Land ownership and land hunger
• Culture of Ireland - Towns and cities
• Culture of Ireland - Family life
• Culture of Ireland - Holidays and festivals
• Culture of Ireland - Cultural institutions organizations and events
• Culture of Ireland - Institutions and organisations
• Culture of Ireland - Events
• Culture of Ireland - Religion
• Culture of Ireland - Minority cultures
• Culture of Ireland - Ulster Scots
• Culture of Ireland - The Travellers
• Culture of Ireland - New immigrants
• Culture of Ireland - Literature and the arts
• Culture of Ireland - Food and Drink
• Culture of Ireland - Food in early Ireland
• Culture of Ireland - The potato in Ireland
• Culture of Ireland - Food in Ireland today
• Culture of Ireland - Pub culture
• Culture of Ireland - Language
• Culture of Ireland - Media
• Culture of Ireland - Print
• Culture of Ireland - Radio
• Culture of Ireland - Television
• Culture of Ireland - Film
• Culture of Ireland - Sport

Read more here: » Culture of Ireland: Encyclopedia - Culture of Ireland

The Cornish are a Celtic ethnic group primarily found in Cornwall. Cornish people - Numbers of Cornish. The number of people living in Cornwall considering themselves primarily Cornish rather than English or British is unknown. Many in Cornwall consider themselves primarily British and then Cornish and use the term British to describe themselves. However many others use Cornish as a description of their ethnic/national identity and this is a phenomenon with a long historical precedent. Many indigenous Corni ...

Including:

• Cornish people - Numbers of Cornish
• Cornish people - The Cornish in history
• Cornish people - Contemporary Reference
• Cornish people - Cornish language
• Cornish people - Descent
• Cornish people - Politics
• Cornish people - Religion
• Cornish people - Cornish emigration

Read more here: » Cornish people: Encyclopedia - Cornish people

Wee Willie Winkie is the bedtime figure characterised in the Scottish nursery rhyme of the same name which was written by William Miller in 1841. Wee Willie Winkie is also a book by Rudyard Kipling, and a 1937 film with Shirley Temple. The character of Wee Willie Winky (aka William Winky) appeared in Jasper Fforde's book The Big Over Easy (2005). Wee Willie Winkie - The nursery rhyme. The original text was written Scots and is below Wee Willie Winkie rins through the toun, ...

Including:

• Wee Willie Winkie - The nursery rhyme
• Wee Willie Winkie - The spirit

Read more here: » Wee Willie Winkie: Encyclopedia - Wee Willie Winkie

David Herbert Lawrence (11 September 1885 – 2 March 1930) was one of the most important, prolific and controversial English writers of the 20th century, whose output spans novels, short stories, poems, plays, essays, travel books, paintings, translations, literary criticism and personal letters. These works, taken together, represent an extended reflection upon the dehumanising effects of modernity and industrialisation. In them Lawrence confronts issues relating to emotional health and vitality, spontaneity, sexuality, and instinctive behaviour, making hi ...

Including:

• D. H. Lawrence - Life
• D. H. Lawrence - Early life 1885-1912
• D. H. Lawrence - Blithe spirits 1912-1914
• D. H. Lawrence - The nightmare 1914-1919
• D. H. Lawrence - The savage pilgrimage begins 1919-1922
• D. H. Lawrence - Seeking a new world 1922-1925
• D. H. Lawrence - Approaching death 1925-1930
• D. H. Lawrence - Posthumous reputation
• D. H. Lawrence - Works
• D. H. Lawrence - Poetry
• D. H. Lawrence - Quotations
• D. H. Lawrence - List of Lawrence's writings
• D. H. Lawrence - Novels
• D. H. Lawrence - Short stories
• D. H. Lawrence - Poetry
• D. H. Lawrence - Plays
• D. H. Lawrence - Non-fiction
• D. H. Lawrence - Travel books
• D. H. Lawrence - Works translated by Lawrence
• D. H. Lawrence - Manuscripts and early drafts of published novels and other works
• D. H. Lawrence - Letters
• D. H. Lawrence - Works about Lawrence
• D. H. Lawrence - Bibliographic resources
• D. H. Lawrence - Biographical studies
• D. H. Lawrence - Literary criticism

Read more here: » D. H. Lawrence: Encyclopedia - D. H. Lawrence

The following are the flags used by the Confederate States of America. Though they have largely ceased to be used since the end of the American Civil War, some residents of the Southern United States continue to use the flags as a symbol of their history. The Confederate battle flag (see below) was flown (until recently) over the South Carolina State House. It now flies over a monument on the state house grounds. The design of the Confederate flags has also been incorporated into the state flags of Mississippi, and Georgia. Fla ...

Including:

• Flags of the Confederate States of America - National flags
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - First National Flag The Stars and Bars
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - Second National Flag The Stainless Banner
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - 1863 Ensign
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - Third National Flag
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - Other flags
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - The Battle Flag
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - The Navy Jack colloquially called the Rebel Flag
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - After the War
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - Controversy
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - Displaying the flag
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - Dukes of Hazzard
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - Usage in state flags
• Flags of the Confederate States of America - License plates

Read more here: » Flags of the Confederate States of America: Encyclopedia - Flags of the Confederate States of America

Gaius Flavius Valerius Constantius (March 31, 250–July 25, 306) was an emperor of the Western Roman Empire (305–306). He was commonly called Chlorus (the Pale), an epithet given to him by Byzantine historians. He was the father of Constantine the Great. Constantius was from Illyricum. Historia Augusta reports him being son of Eutropius and Claudia, daughter of Crispus. Crispus was reportedly a brother to Roman Emperors Claudius II and Quintillus. However, historians suspect this connection to be a genealogical fabrication created by his grandson Constantine, thus connect ...

Read more here: » Constantius Chlorus: Encyclopedia - Constantius Chlorus

West Germanic is the largest branch of the Germanic family of languages, including such languages as German, English and Dutch. The other families of Germanic are North Germanic and East Germanic. West Germanic languages - History. From the time of their earliest attestation, the Germanic dialects are divided into three groups, West, East and North Germanic. Their exact relation is difficult to determine from the sparse evidence of runic inscriptions, and they remained mutually intelligible t ...

Including:

• West Germanic languages - History
• West Germanic languages - Family tree

Read more here: » West Germanic languages: Encyclopedia - West Germanic languages

The culture of the United Kingdom is rich and varied, and has been influential on culture on a worldwide scale. It is a European country, and has many cultural links with its former colonies, particularly those that use the English language (the Anglosphere). Considerable contributions to British culture have been made over the last half-century by immigrants from the Indian Subcontinent and the West Indies. While it can be argued that a common British identity still permeates society (though this is a contested and contentious assert ...

Including:

• Culture of the United Kingdom - Language
• Culture of the United Kingdom - The Arts
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Literature
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Theatre
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Music
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Broadcasting
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Visual Art
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Architecture
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Science and technology
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Religion
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Food
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Education
• Culture of the United Kingdom - England
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Northern Ireland
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Scotland
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Wales
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Higher education
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Sociological issues
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Housing
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Living arrangements
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Sport
• Culture of the United Kingdom - National costume
• Culture of the United Kingdom - Naming convention

Read more here: » Culture of the United Kingdom: Encyclopedia - Culture of the United Kingdom

Cutty sark is 18th century Scots for "short shirt": cutty (a cognate of the English language word cut) is "short, stumpy"; sark (from Old English serce "shirt") is a chemise, undergarment or nightshirt. Hyphenated, Cutty-sark was a nickname for a fictional character invented by Robert Burns, and from there has become part of an idiom in colloquial English, especially the Scottish English dialect. In Burns' poem Tam O' Shanter, the drunken Tam happens upon a witches' ceilidh. Among the dancing ...

Read more here: » Cutty-sark: Encyclopedia - Cutty-sark

Union Terrace Gardens is a park in the centre of Aberdeen, Scotland. The park covers one hectare to the side of Union Terrace, off of Aberdeen's main thoroughfare, Union Street. As a natural amphitheatre, the park is used for concerts and leisure activities, as well as providing somewhere to relax. On the park's north side is a floral crest of the Aberdeen's coat of arms. At the Union Street end of the gardens are a group of mature Elm trees, approximately 200 years old, that are remnants of a site once known as Corbie Woods. <

Read more here: » Union Terrace Gardens: Encyclopedia - Union Terrace Gardens

A unisex name, also known as an epicene name, is a given name that is often given to either a male or a female. Some countries, however, require that a given name be gender-specific (see German name). This list does not cover names in cultures where the names are often not gender specific, which is common in many cultures. For example, some African tribes have unisex names, and so do cultures which use names which are derived from proper ...

Including:

• Unisex name - List of names that can be unisex
• Unisex name - A
• Unisex name - B
• Unisex name - C
• Unisex name - D
• Unisex name - E
• Unisex name - F
• Unisex name - G
• Unisex name - H
• Unisex name - I
• Unisex name - J
• Unisex name - K
• Unisex name - L
• Unisex name - M
• Unisex name - N
• Unisex name - P
• Unisex name - R
• Unisex name - S
• Unisex name - T
• Unisex name - V
• Unisex name - Y
• Unisex name - Z

Read more here: » Unisex name: Encyclopedia - Unisex name

Halloween - Christian festival. Pope Boniface IV established an anniversary dedicated to the Virgin Mary and the martyrs when he consecrated the Pantheon on May 13, 609 (or 610). This Christian feast day was moved to November 1st from May 13th by Pope Gregory III in the eighth century in order to mark the dedication of the All Saints Chapel in Rome--establishing November 1st as All Saints Day and October 31st as All Hallows' Eve. Initially this change of date only applied to the diocese of Rome, but was extended to the rest of Christendom a century later by Pope Gregory IV i ...

See also:

Halloween, Halloween - Symbols, Halloween - Trick-or-treating and guising, Halloween - Games and other activities, Halloween - Foods, Halloween - Cultural history, Halloween - Christian festival, Halloween - Halloween's Origin: Celtic observation of Samhain, Halloween - Norse Elven Blót, Halloween - Halloween customs, Halloween - Punkie Night, Halloween - Mischief Night, Halloween - Religious viewpoints

Read more here: » Halloween: Encyclopedia II - Halloween - Cultural history

Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger. The taut-taught merger is a process that occurs in most dialects of English that causes /x/ to be dropped in words like thought, night, daughter etc. This process occurs in most dialects of English with the exception of some conservative dialects of Scottish English that distinguish taut and taught as /tɔt/< ...

See also:

Phonological history of English consonants, Phonological history of English consonants - Consonant cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - H-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Y-cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Other initial cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Final cluster reductions, Phonological history of English consonants - Phonological history of NG, Phonological history of English consonants - NG coalescence, Phonological history of English consonants - G-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping and h-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - H-dropping, Phonological history of English consonants - H-adding, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English, Phonological history of English consonants - Taut-taught merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Wait-weight merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Lock-loch merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of dental fricatives in English dialects, Phonological history of English consonants - TH fronting, Phonological history of English consonants - TH stopping, Phonological history of English consonants - Vent-went merger, Phonological history of English consonants - Initial fricative voicing

Read more here: » Phonological history of English consonants: Encyclopedia II - Phonological history of English consonants - Elimination of velar fricatives in English

The guttural R is common in northern Europe, and is the usual form of the consonant R in most of what is now France, Belgium, Netherlands, northern Germany and Denmark. The consonant is also found other parts of the world, but in most other places it has little or no cultural association nor interchangeability with the more common alveolar and retroflex /r/. Guttural R - Romance languages. The French language is perhaps the most well-known example of a guttural R language, to the extent that this p ...

See also:

Guttural R, Guttural R - Guttural R languages, Guttural R - Romance languages, Guttural R - Continental West Germanic, Guttural R - North Germanic, Guttural R - Sorbian, Guttural R - Semitic languages, Guttural R - Guttural Pseudo-R, Guttural R - Kalaallisut, Guttural R - J.R.R. Tolkien

Read more here: » Guttural R: Encyclopedia II - Guttural R - Guttural R languages

The Irish language has no words which directly translate as "yes" or "no", instead the verb in a question is repeated in an answer. People in Ireland have a tendency to repeat the verb, positively or negatively, instead of using "yes" or "no." "Are you finished debugging that software?" "I am." "Is your mobile charged?" "It isn't." Alternatively, it is common for Irish English-speakers to use the word "aye" as a weak form of "yes" (somewhat akin to "sure" or "yeah"). "It's getting late, is it?" "Aye, it is." or " It is, aye. ...

See also:

Hiberno-English, Hiberno-English - Pronunciation, Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish, Hiberno-English - Preservation of older English usage, Hiberno-English - Turns of phrase, Hiberno-English - Lexicon

Read more here: » Hiberno-English: Encyclopedia II - Hiberno-English - Grammar derived from Irish