(published June 1942 as Bridle and Saddle) Three decades later, relationships between the Foundation and nearby systems are based in technology transfer and Scientism, a religion which the Foundation sets up around its technology to control the several larger systems that surround them. Only the priests (who are educated on Terminus) have the knowledge to use the technology (which they think is mystical, not scientifically explainable). The Priesthood system, while an effective hold on the Four Kingdoms (Anacreon, Smyrno, Konom ...

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Foundation novel, Foundation novel - The Psychohistorians, Foundation novel - Synopsis, Foundation novel - Background, Foundation novel - The Encyclopedists, Foundation novel - The Mayors, Foundation novel - The Traders, Foundation novel - Synopsis, Foundation novel - Background, Foundation novel - The Merchant Princes

Read more here: » Foundation novel: Encyclopedia II - Foundation novel - The Mayors

NLP has been empirically tested over many years and many of its models and methods have been found to be largely ineffective (Singer & Lalich, 1996). The 1988 US National Committee (a board of 14 prepared scientific experts) report found that "Individually, and as a group, these studies fail to provide an empirical base of support for NLP assumptions...or NLP effectiveness. The committee cannot recommend the employment of such an unvalidated technique" (Druckman & Swets, 1988). In addition, Edgar Johnson, technical director of ...

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Neuro-linguistic programming, Neuro-linguistic programming - Overview, Neuro-linguistic programming - Foundational Assumptions, Neuro-linguistic programming - NLP and Theory, Neuro-linguistic programming - Common Techniques and Practices, Neuro-linguistic programming - NLP Modeling, Neuro-linguistic programming - Fundamentals, Neuro-linguistic programming - Presuppositions, Neuro-linguistic programming - The B.A.G.E.L. Model, Neuro-linguistic programming - Eye accessing cues body cues and NLP representational systems, Neuro-linguistic programming - Meta-model and Milton Model, Neuro-linguistic programming - Varying Concepts, Neuro-linguistic programming - Background and Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Background, Neuro-linguistic programming - Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Scientific analysis of NLP, Neuro-linguistic programming - Criticism, Neuro-linguistic programming - False claims to science, Neuro-linguistic programming - Pseudoscience, Neuro-linguistic programming - Ethical Concerns, Neuro-linguistic programming - Questionable Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Cult characteristics, Neuro-linguistic programming - Developers

Read more here: » Neuro-linguistic programming: Encyclopedia II - Neuro-linguistic programming - Scientific analysis of NLP

NLP has been empirically tested over many years and many of its models and methods have been found to be largely ineffective [163]. The 1988 US National Committee (a board of 14 prepared scientific experts) report found that "Individually, and as a group, these studies fail to provide an empirical base of support for NLP assumptions...or NLP effectiveness. The committee cannot recommend the employment of such an unvalidated technique"See also:

Neuro-linguistic programming, Neuro-linguistic programming - Overview, Neuro-linguistic programming - Foundational Assumptions, Neuro-linguistic programming - NLP and Theory, Neuro-linguistic programming - Common techniques and practices, Neuro-linguistic programming - NLP Modeling, Neuro-linguistic programming - Fundamentals, Neuro-linguistic programming - Presuppositions, Neuro-linguistic programming - The B.A.G.E.L. Model, Neuro-linguistic programming - Eye accessing cues body cues and NLP representational systems, Neuro-linguistic programming - Meta-model and Milton Model, Neuro-linguistic programming - Varying Concepts, Neuro-linguistic programming - Background and Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Background, Neuro-linguistic programming - Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Scientific analysis of NLP, Neuro-linguistic programming - Criticism, Neuro-linguistic programming - False claims to science, Neuro-linguistic programming - Pseudoscience, Neuro-linguistic programming - Ethical Concerns, Neuro-linguistic programming - Questionable Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Cult characteristics, Neuro-linguistic programming - Notes and references, Neuro-linguistic programming - Developers

Read more here: » Neuro-linguistic programming: Encyclopedia II - Neuro-linguistic programming - Scientific analysis of NLP

In Tantra, the universe begins as pure consciousness; the universe evolves out of the consciousness of the Cosmic Mind. In brief, the universe is like a dream in the Cosmic Mind; everything is created out of the ectoplasm or mind stuff of the cosmic mind. Microvita is the initial stage in the creation of matter. In the evolution from consciousness to matter, microvita bridges the gap between idea (in the Cosmic Mind) to matter. Atoms can be described as condensed and crudified microvita. So atoms are primarily matter with very little ...

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Microvitum, Microvitum - The nature of microvita, Microvitum - Three types of microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of devayoniis positive microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of pretayoniis negative microvita, Microvitum - The types of gandhayaks’inii intermediate microvita, Microvitum - The physics of life, Microvitum - Positive and negative microvita, Microvitum - Microvita and cakras, Microvitum - Problems in understanding microvitum, Microvitum - The future of microvitum

Read more here: » Microvitum: Encyclopedia II - Microvitum - The nature of microvita

"LSD" is an abbreviation of the German chemical name of the compound, Lysergsäure-diethylamid. It was first synthesized in 1938 by Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel as part of a large research program searching for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. Its psychedelic properties were unknown until 5 years later, when Hofmann, acting on a hunch, returned to work on the chemical. He attributed the discovery of the compound's psychoactive effects to the accidental absorption of a tiny amount through his skin on April 16, which led to him testing a larger amount on himself fo ...

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LSD, LSD - Origin, LSD - Dosage, LSD - Effects, LSD - Physical, LSD - Pharmacological, LSD - Psychological, LSD - Acute duration, LSD - Physical dangers, LSD - Flashbacks, LSD - Psychosis, LSD - Addiction potential, LSD - Chemistry, LSD - Forms of LSD, LSD - Legal status, LSD - LSD in the United States, LSD - Notable people who have commented on the LSD experience, LSD - Related topics, LSD - Chemical, LSD - People, LSD - Other

Read more here: » LSD: Encyclopedia II - LSD - Origin

"LSD" is an initialism formed from the German chemical name of the compound, Lysergsäure-diethylamid. It was first synthesized in 1938 by Swiss chemist Dr. Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel as part of a large research program searching for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. Its psychedelic properties were unknown until 5 years later, when Hofmann, acting on a hunch, returned to work on the chemical. He attributed the discovery of the compound's psychoactive effects to the accidental absorption of a tiny amount through his skin on April 16, which led to him testing a larger amount on himself fo ...

See also:

LSD, LSD - Origin, LSD - Dosage, LSD - Effects, LSD - Physical, LSD - Pharmacological, LSD - Psychological, LSD - Acute duration, LSD - Physical dangers, LSD - Flashbacks, LSD - Psychosis, LSD - Addiction potential, LSD - Possible medical uses, LSD - Chemistry, LSD - Forms of LSD, LSD - Legal status, LSD - LSD in the United States, LSD - Notable people who have commented on the LSD experience, LSD - Chemical, LSD - People, LSD - Other

Read more here: » LSD: Encyclopedia II - LSD - Origin

Those who support the concept claim the proportion of 'indigos' in recent times to be very large and increasing, rising from 85% in 1992 to 95% at some point after 1994 [1]. In previous decades the proportion is claimed to have been much lower. There are, however, no verfiable statistics to back these claims up, let alone a methodology for identifying or classifying an "indigo child." Although Carroll states that while most of the traits of indigos are physically observable (there is no evidence of this), the indigo child concept is a ...

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Indigo children, Indigo children - The concept, Indigo children - 'April' kids, Indigo children - The indigo child supposition, Indigo children - Non-mystic interpretations, Indigo children - Criticism and scientific refutation, Indigo children - Citations

Read more here: » Indigo children: Encyclopedia II - Indigo children - The concept

Antecedants to the controversy can be seen in the challenges made by various religious people and organizations to the legitimacy of certain scientific ideas since the Age of Enlightenment (see Galileo and his advocacy of "natural philosophy" in relation to the Inquisition of the Roman Catholic Church). The Creation-Evolution controversy itself originated in Europe and North America in the late 18th century, when geological discoveries indicated that the earth is much older than was suggested by the Judeo-Christian Bible. It entered the popu ...

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Creation-evolution controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Overview of the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Common venues for debate, Creation-evolution controversy - Conflicts inherent to the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Defining evolution, Creation-evolution controversy - False dichotomy, Creation-evolution controversy - Conflation of science and religion, Creation-evolution controversy - Accusations involving science, Creation-evolution controversy - Theory vs. Fact, Creation-evolution controversy - Evidence against evolution, Creation-evolution controversy - Accusations of bias, Creation-evolution controversy - Religion and Historical Scientists, Creation-evolution controversy - Quote mining, Creation-evolution controversy - Noteworthy participants in the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Creationists, Creation-evolution controversy - Their opposition, Creation-evolution controversy - Ramifications of the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Public education in the United States, Creation-evolution controversy - Surveys of views in the United States, Creation-evolution controversy - Survey of views in German speaking countries, Creation-evolution controversy - Controversy in education world-wide, Creation-evolution controversy - History, Creation-evolution controversy - Footnotes

Read more here: » Creation-evolution controversy: Encyclopedia II - Creation-evolution controversy - Overview of the controversy

Creationists often attack scientific theories they dislike in a number of ways, including opposition to specific applications of scientific processes, accusations of bias within the scientific community, and claims that discussions within the scientific community reveal a crisis. In response, creationists claim to have an alternative, either based on faith, or creation science, or intelligent design. Opponents of creationism spend much of their participation in the controversy defending against the attacks. Some of the more common creationist accusat ...

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Creation-evolution controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Overview of the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Common venues for debate, Creation-evolution controversy - Conflicts inherent to the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Defining evolution, Creation-evolution controversy - False dichotomy, Creation-evolution controversy - Conflation of science and religion, Creation-evolution controversy - Accusations involving science, Creation-evolution controversy - Theory vs. Fact, Creation-evolution controversy - Evidence against evolution, Creation-evolution controversy - Accusations of bias, Creation-evolution controversy - Religion and Historical Scientists, Creation-evolution controversy - Quote mining, Creation-evolution controversy - Noteworthy participants in the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Creationists, Creation-evolution controversy - Their opposition, Creation-evolution controversy - Ramifications of the controversy, Creation-evolution controversy - Public education in the United States, Creation-evolution controversy - Surveys of views in the United States, Creation-evolution controversy - Survey of views in German speaking countries, Creation-evolution controversy - Controversy in education world-wide, Creation-evolution controversy - History, Creation-evolution controversy - Footnotes

Read more here: » Creation-evolution controversy: Encyclopedia II - Creation-evolution controversy - Accusations involving science

Definition and meaning of Office of Scientific Research and Development:

Office of Scientific Research and Development

This federal agency estalbished in 1941 mobilized American science on behalf of national defense.

(Source: Madrid Waddington High School )

Also see these pages:  American History, American History Sitemap, History, History Sitemap

Practitioners of the discipline previously concentrated on extrapolating present technological, economic or social trends, or on attempting to predict future trends, but more recently they have started to examine social systems and uncertainties and to build scenarios. Apart from extrapolation and scenarios, many dozens of methods and techniques have uses in futures research (see below). Futures Studies also includes normative or preferred futures, but a major contribution involves connecting both extrapolated (exploratory) and ...

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Futures studies, Futures studies - Terminology, Futures studies - Scope, Futures studies - History, Futures studies - History by region, Futures studies - Key concepts, Futures studies - Shaping alternative futures, Futures studies - Mega-trends, Futures studies - Trend babies, Futures studies - Branching trends, Futures studies - Life-cycle of a trend, Futures studies - Other suggestions for thinking about the future, Futures studies - Methodologies, Futures studies - Practitioners, Futures studies - Research centres, Futures studies - Futures techniques, Futures studies - Alternative futures forecasting, Futures studies - Near-term predictions, Futures studies - Futures education, Futures studies - Key thinkers, Futures studies - Books, Futures studies - Publications, Futures studies - Organizations, Futures studies - External links, Futures studies - Related resources

Read more here: » Futures studies: Encyclopedia II - Futures studies - Methodologies

In his early twenties, Steiner was asked to edit Goethe's scientific writings for a major publication of that writer's complete works. In the course of this work, Steiner began publishing various works that foreshadowed his later ideas, but were still set within the philosophical and scientific framework of his age: chiefly Goethe's Conception of the World and his commentaries on Goethe's scientific essays. His first masterwork, Die Philosophie der Freiheit (translated variously as The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity, < ...

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Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - History, Anthroposophy - Description, Anthroposophy - Place in Western Philosophy, Anthroposophy - Applications, Anthroposophy - Social Goals of Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - Steiner's Outlook on Social History, Anthroposophy - Social Threefolding, Anthroposophy - Aspects of Anthroposophic Thinking, Anthroposophy - Successes of Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - Critiques of Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - See Also

Read more here: » Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia II - Anthroposophy - History

In his early twenties, Steiner was asked to edit Goethe's scientific writings for a major publication of that writer's complete works. In the course of this work, Steiner began publishing various works that foreshadowed his later ideas, but were still set within the philosophical and scientific framework of his age: chiefly Goethe's Conception of the World and his commentaries on Goethe's scientific essays. His first masterwork, Die Philosophie der Freiheit (translated variously as The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity, < ...

See also:

Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - History, Anthroposophy - Description, Anthroposophy - Place in Western Philosophy, Anthroposophy - Relationship to Natural Science, Anthroposophy - Applications, Anthroposophy - Social Goals of Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - Steiner's Outlook on Social History, Anthroposophy - Social Threefolding, Anthroposophy - Aspects of Anthroposophic Thinking, Anthroposophy - Successes of Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - Critiques of Anthroposophy, Anthroposophy - Critical views

Read more here: » Anthroposophy: Encyclopedia II - Anthroposophy - History

Christian Science has been subject to significant criticism and public controversy throughout its history. The most highly publicized controversy surrounds Christian Science and medicine. While church members point out that followers are free to choose to seek traditional medical treatment, most rely heavily or exclusively on healing by prayer (Christian Scientists distinguish their method from “faith healing,” arguing that this term refers merely to blind faith, while their ...

See also:

Church of Christ Scientist, Church of Christ Scientist - Theology and healing, Church of Christ Scientist - Origins and early development, Church of Christ Scientist - Theology, Church of Christ Scientist - Spiritual healing in the material world, Church of Christ Scientist - Organization, Church of Christ Scientist - Recent history, Church of Christ Scientist - Notable Christian-Scientists, Church of Christ Scientist - Public controversy

Read more here: » Church of Christ Scientist: Encyclopedia II - Church of Christ Scientist - Public controversy

Christian Science has been subject to significant criticism and public controversy throughout its history. The most highly publicized controversy surrounds Christian Science and medicine. While church members point out that followers are free to choose to seek traditional medical treatment, most rely heavily or exclusively on healing by prayer (Christian Scientists distinguish their method from “faith healing,” arguing that this term refers merely to blind faith, while thei ...

See also:

Church of Christ, Scientist, Church of Christ, Scientist - Theology and healing, Church of Christ, Scientist - Origins and early development, Church of Christ, Scientist - Theology, Church of Christ, Scientist - Spiritual healing in the material world, Church of Christ, Scientist - Organization, Church of Christ, Scientist - Recent history, Church of Christ, Scientist - Notable Christian-Scientists, Church of Christ, Scientist - Public controversy

Read more here: » Church of Christ, Scientist: Encyclopedia II - Church of Christ, Scientist - Public controversy

Charles Hoy Fort was born in 1874 in Albany, New York, of Dutch ancestry. His grocer father was something of an authoritarian, and was reportedly abusive. Some have suggested that Fort's distrust of authority has its roots in his father's treatment. In any case, Fort developed a strong sense of independence in his youth. While still rather young, Fort was a budding naturalist who would collect sea shells, minerals, and birds. Curious and intelligent, the young Fort did not excel at school, though he was quite a wit and full of knowledge about the world — ...

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Charles Fort, Charles Fort - Overview, Charles Fort - Fort and the unexplained, Charles Fort - Followers and fans of Fort, Charles Fort - Quotations, Charles Fort - Books by Fort, Charles Fort - Books about Fort

Read more here: » Charles Fort: Encyclopedia II - Charles Fort - Overview

Fort's relationship with the study of anomalous phenomena is frequently misunderstood and misrepresented. For over thirty years Charles Fort sat in the libraries of New York and London, assiduously reading scientific journals, newspapers, and magazines, collecting notes upon phenomena that lay outside the accepted theories and beliefs of the time. Examples of these phenomena include many of what are variously referred to as occult, supernatural, and paranormal — for instance, teleportation (a term Fort is generally credited with coi ...

See also:

Charles Fort, Charles Fort - Overview, Charles Fort - Fort and the unexplained, Charles Fort - Followers and fans of Fort, Charles Fort - Quotations, Charles Fort - Books by Fort, Charles Fort - Books about Fort

Read more here: » Charles Fort: Encyclopedia II - Charles Fort - Fort and the unexplained

The author of Microvitum in a Nutshell is rumored to have said that widespread acceptance and research using microvita will not occur for about 200 years. Sarkar explains that “The majority of people today do not know the technique of using microvita.” (Chapter 6: Neo-ethics of Multilateral Salvation) This implies that microvita theory is certainly being used today (by other names) by scientists and people in the arts and other areas of human endeavor, but generally the ...

See also:

Microvitum, Microvitum - The nature of microvita, Microvitum - Three types of microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of devayoniis positive microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of pretayoniis negative microvita, Microvitum - The types of gandhayaks’inii intermediate microvita, Microvitum - The physics of life, Microvitum - Positive and negative microvita, Microvitum - Microvita and cakras, Microvitum - Problems in understanding microvitum, Microvitum - The future of microvitum

Read more here: » Microvitum: Encyclopedia II - Microvitum - Problems in understanding microvitum

Its purpose was to encourage scientific research into psychic or paranormal phenomena in order to establish their truth. Research was initially aimed at six areas: telepathy, mesmerism and similar phenomena, mediums, apparitions, physical phenomena associated with séances and, finally, the history of all these phenomena. The Society is run by a President and a Council of twenty people. The organisation is divided between London and Cambridge, the London headquarters were initially at 14 Dean's Yard. An American branch of the Society was for ...

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Society for Psychical Research, Society for Psychical Research - History, Society for Psychical Research - Today

Read more here: » Society for Psychical Research: Encyclopedia II - Society for Psychical Research - History

In 1879 Wilhelm Wundt founded a laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany, specifically to focus on general and basic questions concerning behaviour and mental states. Then in 1890, William James published the book Principles of Psychology which laid many of the foundations for the sorts of questions that psychologists would focus on for years to come. James was the first professor of Psychology at Harvard University. Crucially, the approach of Wundt and James did not involve metaphysical or religious explanations of human thought and behaviour, freeing it from the realms of phil ...

See also:

History of psychology, History of psychology - Overview, History of psychology - Prescientific psychology, History of psychology - Scientific psychology

Read more here: » History of psychology: Encyclopedia II - History of psychology - Scientific psychology

During his initial degree, he took various in-term and vacation jobs, including labouring and mustering cattle at Douglas Daly Experiment Station in the Northern Territory of Australia, while also taking a Methodist Local Preaching qualification with The Reverend Dr. A. Harold Wood at Deepdene Methodist Church. He was supported through his studies by his parents and a cadetship from the government of the Northern Territory. He then moved to work for that government in Darwin, from where he conducted research and other work on the Douglas Daly Exp ...

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Lindsay Falvey, Lindsay Falvey - Personal life, Lindsay Falvey - Academic achievements, Lindsay Falvey - Selected publications

Read more here: » Lindsay Falvey: Encyclopedia II - Lindsay Falvey - Academic achievements

Definition and meaning of Scientific Discoveries

Scientific Discoveries

Scientific discoveries result from systematic experiments which can be duplicated. Sometimes the discoveries are accidental or coincidental and sometimes the best use of a discovery is not immediately apparent, but the nature of the experiments ensure that the data exists to document the expected and unexpected. As technology and knowledge increase, the possibility of scientific discovery increases. Carl Sagan benefited from centuries of accumulated information when he completed degrees in astronomy and astrophysics in 1960. Improved technology, his cross-disciplinary knowledge of astronomy and biology, and funding for scientific research supported his search for life on other planets.

(Source: The Social Studies Center at Texas University )

Also see these pages:  Social Studies, Social Studies Sitemap, History, History Sitemap