Main article: List of alternative, speculative and disputed theories Examples of theories and fields of endeavor that are often associated with pseudoscience: Acupuncture (the traditional theory behind it) Alchemy (pre- or proto-scientific rather than pseudoscientific) Astrology Sun-Sign Astrology Biblical scientific foresight Chakra theory Characterology Clairvoyance Context speaking budgies Creation science and its offsho ...

See also:

Pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - Introduction, Pseudoscience - Classifying pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - Pseudoscience contrasted with protoscience, Pseudoscience - The problem of demarcation, Pseudoscience - Fields often associated with pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - Pseudomathematics, Pseudoscience - Criticisms of the concept of pseudoscience, Pseudoscience - People, Pseudoscience - Lists

Read more here: » Pseudoscience: Encyclopedia II - Pseudoscience - Fields often associated with pseudoscience

Swedenborg, Emmanuel ( 1688-1772)

A Swedish scientist, theosophist, and mystic, a pioneer in both scientific, religious and spiritual thought.

For most of his life Swedenborg pursued a conventional, albeit brilliant, career. Educated at Uppsala University he first became a natural scientist and official with the Swedish Royal College of mines (1710-45), concentrating on research and theory. His foremost scientific writing is 'Opera Philosophica et Mineralia' (Philosophical and Mineralogical Works, three volumes, 1734), a unique combination of metaphysics, cosmology, and science.

A first-rate scientific theorist and inventor, Swedenborg, in some of his insights, anticipated scientific progress by more than a century. Visited by a mystic illumination in 1745, Swedenborg claimed a direct vision of a spiritual world underlying the natural sphere. He began having dreams, ecstatic visions, trances and mystical illusions in which he communicated with Jesus Christ and God and was granted a view of the order of the universe that was radically different from the teachings of the Christian church.

He resigned his job to concentrate full-time on his ecstatic visions and transcribing the knowledge imparted to him from the spiritual world. His voluminous works from this period are presented as divinely revealed biblical interpretations. In his system, best reflected in 'Divine Love and Wisdom' (1763), Swedenborg conceived of three spheres: divine mind, spiritual world, and natural world. Each corresponds to a degree of being in God and in humankind: love, wisdom, and use (end, cause, and effect). Through devotion to each degree, unification with it takes place and a person obtains his or her destiny, which is union with creator and creation.

Unlike many mystics, Swedenborg proposed an approach to spiritual reality and God through, rather than in rejection of, material nature. His 12-volume compendium 'The Heavenly Arcana' (1747-56) represents a unique synthesis between modern science and religion.

In response to a vision of the 'last judgment' and the 'return of Christ', Swedenborg proclaimed the advent of the New Church, an idea that found social expression in the Swedenborgian societies and in the foundation of the Church Of The New Jerusalem in England in 1778, and in the United States in 1792. Many of his views were adopted by 19th century spiritualism and many of his ideas were also disseminated in the works of writers and poets such as William Blake , Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Henry James .

(See also: Emmanuel Swedenborg, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Current scientific research strongly suggests that near-death experiences occur at the time of dying and are not unconscious secondary falsifications after the fact. As health care professionals, it is not necessary to take sides in the debate concerning the objective reality of these spiritual experiences. Simply the knowledge that they are a normal and natural part of the dying process has profound implications for those who work with death and dying. The ability to feel at ease in discussing the paranormal is an essential element of the b ...

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Near-death experience, Near-death experience - Near-death research, Near-death experience - As an afterlife experience, Near-death experience - As a naturalistic experience, Near-death experience - Clinical implications, Near-death experience - Implications for health professionals, Near-death experience - Implications for the dying patient, Near-death experience - Implications for family and friends, Near-death experience - Spiritual and psychological after-effects

Read more here: » Near-death experience: Encyclopedia II - Near-death experience - Clinical implications

Current scientific research strongly suggests that near-death experiences occur at the time of dying and are not unconscious secondary falsifications after the fact. As health care professionals, it is not necessary to take sides in the debate concerning the objective reality of these spiritual experiences. Simply the knowledge that they are a normal and natural part of the dying process has profound implications for those who work with death and dying. The ability to feel at ease in discussing the paranormal is an essential element of the b ...

See also:

Near-death experience, Near-death experience - Near-Death Research, Near-death experience - As an afterlife experience, Near-death experience - As a naturalistic experience, Near-death experience - Clinical Implications, Near-death experience - Implications for health professionals, Near-death experience - Implications for the dying patient, Near-death experience - Implications for family and friends, Near-death experience - Spiritual and psychological after-effects

Read more here: » Near-death experience: Encyclopedia II - Near-death experience - Clinical Implications

Psychokinesis

The power of mind over matter without the use of physical or sensory means. Together with ESP, psychokinesis is investigated by parapsychology.

Psychokinesis includes telekinesis, the paranormal movement of objects; levitation and materialization; mysterious events associated with given people or houses such as rappings, overturned furniture, and flying objects; and psychic healing.

Since the 1930s psychokinesis has been a major research interest among parapsychologists, especially in the United States and Russia, but, in general, the results have been inconclusive.

In 1968 Russia released film and other evidence to the West showing Nina Kulagina, a housewife from Leningrad, apparently using psychokinesis to move a variety of stationary objects. She was also photographed apparently levitating objects.

In the 1970s the Israeli psychic Uri Geller dazzled TV audiences with his alleged powers of bending metal with a few gentle strokes or taps with his fingers. Under laboratory conditions, experiments with Geller proved inconclusive, and certain professional magicians have claimed that Geller is a fraud using simple sleight-of-hand to achieve his extraordinary feats.

Most scientists deny the existence of psychokinesis, and the difficulty in reproducing psychokinesis phenomena and the lack of an adequate theoretical explanation excludes it from systematic scientific investigation.

(See also: Psychokinesis, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

Psychokinesis

The power of mind over matter without the use of physical or sensory means. Together with ESP, psychokinesis is investigated by parapsychology.

Psychokinesis includes telekinesis, the paranormal movement of objects; levitation and materialization; mysterious events associated with given people or houses such as rappings, overturned furniture, and flying objects; and psychic healing.

Since the 1930s psychokinesis has been a major research interest among parapsychologists, especially in the United States and Russia, but, in general, the results have been inconclusive.

In 1968 Russia released film and other evidence to the West showing Nina Kulagina, a housewife from Leningrad, apparently using psychokinesis to move a variety of stationary objects. She was also photographed apparently levitating objects.

In the 1970s the Israeli psychic Uri Geller dazzled TV audiences with his alleged powers of bending metal with a few gentle strokes or taps with his fingers. Under laboratory conditions, experiments with Geller proved inconclusive, and certain professional magicians have claimed that Geller is a fraud using simple sleight-of-hand to achieve his extraordinary feats.

Most scientists deny the existence of psychokinesis, and the difficulty in reproducing psychokinesis phenomena and the lack of an adequate theoretical explanation excludes it from systematic scientific investigation.

(See also: Psychokinesis, New Age Spirituality, Body Mind and Soul)

The following are famous primarily for fields other than parapsychology but still had important working interests in the field: Hans Eysenck Alister Hardy Carl Jung Arthur Koestler Rupert Sheldrake ...

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Parapsychology, Parapsychology - Types of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Status of the field, Parapsychology - How science views the field, Parapsychology - Interpretation of the evidence, Parapsychology - Criticisms of parapsychological research, Parapsychology - Responses from parapsychologists to criticisms, Parapsychology - Early Scientific American challenge, Parapsychology - Other objections to parapsychology, Parapsychology - History and evaluation, Parapsychology - Trivia, Parapsychology - Famous parapsychologists, Parapsychology - Claimed psychics, Parapsychology - Critics of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Psychic investigations, Parapsychology - General organizations, Parapsychology - Independent research organizations, Parapsychology - University research organizations, Parapsychology - External links

Read more here: » Parapsychology: Encyclopedia II - Parapsychology - Famous parapsychologists

The phenomena in question fall into two broad groups. Extra-sensory perception (ESP) is also known as anomalous cognition, and includes telepathy, clairvoyance, clairaudience, clairalience, clairgustance, clairsentience, precognition, postcognition, psychometry, and dream transference. Anomalous operation includes psychokinesis (in the past referred to as telekinesis), out-of-body experiences, astral projection, near-death experiences, mediumship, and reincarnation. The general term "psi phenomena" (or the somewhat older term, "psychic phenomena," which was said to be the "psi ...

See also:

Parapsychology, Parapsychology - Types of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Status of the field, Parapsychology - How science views the field, Parapsychology - Interpretation of the evidence, Parapsychology - Criticisms of parapsychological research, Parapsychology - Responses from parapsychologists to criticisms, Parapsychology - Early Scientific American challenge, Parapsychology - Other objections to parapsychology, Parapsychology - History and evaluation, Parapsychology - Trivia, Parapsychology - Famous parapsychologists, Parapsychology - Claimed psychics, Parapsychology - Critics of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Psychic investigations, Parapsychology - General organizations, Parapsychology - Independent research organizations, Parapsychology - University research organizations, Parapsychology - External links

Read more here: » Parapsychology: Encyclopedia II - Parapsychology - Types of parapsychology

The phenomena in question fall into two broad groups. Extra-sensory perception (ESP) is also known as anomalous cognition, and includes telepathy, clairvoyance, clairaudience, clairalience, clairgustance, clairsentience, precognition, postcognition, psychometry, and dream transference. Anomalous operation includes psychokinesis (in the past referred to as telekinesis), out-of-body experiences, astral projection, near-death experiences, mediumship, and reincarnation. The general term "psi phenomena" (or the somewhat older term, "psychic phenomena," which was said to be the "psi ...

See also:

Parapsychology, Parapsychology - Types of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Status of the field, Parapsychology - How science views the field, Parapsychology - Interpretation of the evidence, Parapsychology - Criticisms of parapsychological research, Parapsychology - Responses from parapsychologists to criticisms, Parapsychology - Early Scientific American challenge, Parapsychology - Other objections to parapsychology, Parapsychology - History and evaluation, Parapsychology - Trivia, Parapsychology - Famous parapsychologists, Parapsychology - Well-known psychic mediums, Parapsychology - Other claimed psychics, Parapsychology - Critics of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Independent research organizations, Parapsychology - University research organizations, Parapsychology - External links

Read more here: » Parapsychology: Encyclopedia II - Parapsychology - Types of parapsychology

The following are famous primarily for fields other than parapsychology but still had important working interests in the field: Hans Eysenck Alister Hardy Carl Jung Arthur Koestler Rupert Sheldrake ...

See also:

Parapsychology, Parapsychology - Types of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Status of the field, Parapsychology - How science views the field, Parapsychology - Interpretation of the evidence, Parapsychology - Criticisms of parapsychological research, Parapsychology - Responses from parapsychologists to criticisms, Parapsychology - Early Scientific American challenge, Parapsychology - Other objections to parapsychology, Parapsychology - History and evaluation, Parapsychology - Trivia, Parapsychology - Famous parapsychologists, Parapsychology - Well-known psychic mediums, Parapsychology - Other claimed psychics, Parapsychology - Critics of parapsychology, Parapsychology - Independent research organizations, Parapsychology - University research organizations, Parapsychology - External links

Read more here: » Parapsychology: Encyclopedia II - Parapsychology - Famous parapsychologists

Occultism [from Latin occultus hid]

The science of things behind the veils of nature both visible and invisible, things hidden from the multitudes. In theosophy frequently synonymous with the esoteric philosophy or secret doctrine. The study of genuine occultism signifies penetrating deep into the causal mysteries of universal being; the occult arts, by contrast, include psychism, black magic, hypnotism, psychologization, and similar uninstructed or malevolent uses of astral and mental forces.

The term occult has noble, but largely forgotten origins. It properly defines anything which is undisclosed, concealed, or not easily perceived. Early theologians, for example, spoke of "the occult judgment of God," while "occult philosopher" was a designation for the pre-Renaissance scientist who sought the unseen causes regulating nature's phenomena. In astronomy, the term is still used when one stellar body "occults" another by passing in front of it, temporarily hiding it from view. Writing a century ago, when the word had not acquired today's mixed connotations, H.P. Blavatsky defined occultism as "altruism pure and simple" -- the divine wisdom or hidden theosophy within all religions.

As the study or science of things which are hid and secret, occultism is a generalizing term because what is hid or secret in one age may readily be in a succeeding age more or less commonly known and open to public investigation. Many things that in medieval Europe were distinctly secret and therefore occult, are today the field of scientific investigation; and what is now considered to be occult, if science continues in its progress and research, may in the succeeding age in its turn become open and matter of common knowledge. Occultism then will simply have shifted its field of investigation and study to matters still more secret, still more recondite, still more deeply hid in fields of nature which are now scarcely suspected.

Theosophy or the wisdom-religion is the study of the ancient wisdom of the gods, and comprises in any one period that particular portion of knowledge which has been delivered to those who study it; whereas occultism in any age is that portion of the ancient wisdom dealing with matters which at such time are secret, hid, and unknown to the multitude.

Thus occultism is that portion of theosophy which has not yet been openly and publicly promulgated. Occultism is founded on the principle that Divinity is concealed -- transcendent yet immanent -- within every living being. As a spiritual discipline occultism is the renunciation of selfishness; it is the "still small path" which leads to wisdom, to the right discrimination between good and evil, and the practice of altruism.

(See also: Occultism, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary)

Physical Organs Natural history reveals that the organs of the body acquire a greater individual importance, and in some cases occupy a larger proportion of the organism, as we ascend from the lower to the higher animal forms. G. de Purucker points out that "Every one of the organs of the human physical body, both collectively and distributively, is the organic representative in man's physical sheath or body of one part or portion of his complex inner and invisible constitution. . . . every one of the monadic centers in man's being . . . has its own corresponding organ in the physical body, each such organ functioning in the body as much as it can according to the characteristic or type-activity of its inner and invisible cause. Thus the heart, the brain, the liver, the spleen, etc., is, each one, the expression on the physical plane and in the human physical body of a corresponding consciousness-center in the invisible constitution of the sevenfold man" (ET 961-2n).

There are manasic as well as kamic organs. The brain and heart are "the organs of a power higher than the Personality" (BCW 12:367; or St in Oc 89). The liver is called the kamic organ; the spleen is the vehicle of the linga-sarira. Of the rhythmic tides of vital air in the chest, it is said: "The primeval current of the life-wave is then the same which assumes in man the form of the inspiratory and expiratory motion of the lungs, and this is the source of the evolution and involution of the universe" (q from Nature's Finer Forces Rama Prasad, BCW 12:356 or Studies in Occultism 76). The uterus, within which a new manifestation of life appears, corresponds physically to the universal matrix -- cosmic space -- the fertilized cell being the point in the circle where differentiation begins. The eyes, from one standpoint at least, are the most occult of our senses. The fibers of the large optic nerves are interrelated with special organs of the senses and sensations -- optic thalami, pineal and pituitary glands, etc. -- which are grouped around the center of the brain.

Further, "every human organ and each cell in the latter has a key-board of its own, like that of a piano, only that it registers and emits sensations instead of sounds. Every key contains the potentiality of good or bad, of producing harmony or disharmony" according as the impulse comes from the higher or lower nature (BCW 12:368-9 or St in Oc 91). Memory has no special organ of its own in the brain, but has seats in every organ of the body. The whole body is a vast sounding board in which each cell bears a long record of impressions connected with its parent organ, and also it has a memory and consciousness of its own kind. These impressions are, according to the nature of the organ, physical, psychic, mental, or again mixed, as they relate to this or another plane, there being states of instinctual, mental, and purely abstract or spiritual consciousness. The physiological functions and reciprocal workings of cells and organs are in the body automatically directed by a "universally diffused mind" throughout that body, which is beyond all material analysis. Because of this intelligence operating throughout the organism, physiology is destined someday "to become the hand-maiden of Occult truths" (BCW 12:139; or Studies in Occultism 105).

On a larger scale, each organ has its own rhythm or vibratory rate of response to cosmic eternal motion. The response is animated by a "vital principle without which no molecular combinations could ever have resulted in a living organism, least of all in the so-called 'inorganic' matter of our plane of consciousness" (SD 1:603). The breaking of the normal rhythm of one organ disturbs that of all the rest, which accounts for the many reflex symptoms that often appear.

The general principles of occult physiology underlie and coordinate the numerous details of chemical, microscopic, and biological research. The human organism illustrates the modern scientific view of the electronic nature of matter. In man, the positive and negative phases of the one Life unite to manifest in functional currents of vitality; all of which has a significant bearing on the prevailing medical recourse to organotherapy, the end results of which are not recognized, as such, since they operate on inner lines of force. Each animal body -- human or beast -- is a complex organism whose various parts are vibrating in consonance with the synthetic character of its own evolutionary status of vital matter and conscious force -- its selfhood. Hence, the injection of the physiologic essence of any one creature's organs into the life-currents of another, aiming to give a certain impetus to functional reaction, inevitably adds a subtly disturbing foreign element. The same physical matter composes all animal bodies, so that the human and beast life-atoms are interchangeable, but such interchange is governed or regulated by extremely occult causal relations which raise their action outside or above the plane of human interference. Organotherapy, as at present understood and practiced, is a divergence from nature's normal processes, having no analog in nature which, in turn, provides resources of wholesome remedial matter. These artificial mixtures of both physical and superphysical forces, involve vital issues beyond the ken of research laboratories. The end results of unbalanced forces might be sought among the increase in cases of malignant, degenerative, and mental and nervous disorders, with their unequilibrated operation of functioning vitality and of consciousness.

Pi The mathematical symbol for the incommensurable ratio of the circumference of a circle to the length of its diameter, and for corresponding ratios in plane and solid geometry. Its incommensurability is a particular instance of the impossibility of expressing geometrical magnitudes exactly in number. Bearing in mind that there is a geometrical key to interpretation of cosmic law and structure, and that the facts of geometry cannot possibly be arbitrary or meaningless but must be faithful representations of general laws; then we shall understand that the ratio {pi sym}, involving such radial and important elements as the straight line and the circle, must be of paramount importance. The figures, either for approximate decimal evaluations or approximate fractional ratios, play an important part in the symbology of the ancient mystery-language. These figures and the numbers which they make are found in the numerical values of letters and words in the Hebrew and Greek alphabets. The problem of squaring the circle by a purely geometrical construction does not involve the use of {pi sym} at all.

(See also: Physical Organs, Mysticism, Mysticism Dictionary, Occultism, Occultism Dictionary)

Even before the rise of modern science, Thomas Aquinas and the Scholastics asserted the applicability of reason to the divine. They could thus be regarded as forerunners of Rudolf Steiner, who at the beginning of the twentieth century began to apply scientific methods of systematic investigation to his own spiritual experiences. Slightly later, Husserl attempted to include physical, psychological and spiritual phenomena in his phenomenological philosophy. Husserl emphasized that all our experience originates in the psychological realm; thus, ...

See also:

Spiritual science, Spiritual science - Historical Foundations, Spiritual science - Present-Day Work, Spiritual science - Future Directions, Spiritual science - Publishers of literature on spiritual science

Read more here: » Spiritual science: Encyclopedia II - Spiritual science - Historical Foundations

Those who support the concept claim the proportion of 'indigos' in recent times to be very large and increasing, rising from 85% in 1992 to 95% at some point after 1994 [1]. In previous decades the proportion was supposedly much lower. Although Carroll states that most of the traits of indigos are observable, the indigo child concept is also a metaphysical concept. Carroll describes himself as a channeller for Kryon, an angelic being. One of the book's six chapters focuses on spiritual aspects of indigos, and includes information that ...

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Indigo children, Indigo children - The concept, Indigo children - 'April' kids, Indigo children - The indigo child hypothesis, Indigo children - Non-mystic interpretations, Indigo children - Criticism, Indigo children - Citations

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LSD, a powerful hallucinogen, was developed at the Sandoz Laboratories (now Novartis) in Switzerland from research on chemicals found in the ergot fungus, which had several traditional uses in European herblore. In the 1950s, LSD was manufactured under the trade name Delysid by Sandoz, and widely promoted as a psychiatric cure-all, useful for treating schizophrenia, criminal behavior, sexual deviancy, alcoholism, and a wide variety of other mental ailments. Sandoz suggested in its literature that psychiatrists should take LSD themselves, to ...

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Psychopharmacology, Psychopharmacology - History, Psychopharmacology - Reduction of anxiety, Psychopharmacology - Antipsychotic drugs, Psychopharmacology - LSD, Psychopharmacology - MDMA, Psychopharmacology - Antidepressant drugs, Psychopharmacology - Mood stabilizers, Psychopharmacology - Treatment of addiction

Read more here: » Psychopharmacology: Encyclopedia II - Psychopharmacology - LSD

According to Steiner, a real spiritual world exists out of which the material one gradually condensed, so to speak, and evolved. The spiritual world, Steiner held, can in the right circumstances be researched through direct experience, by persons practicing rigorous forms of ethical and cognitive self-discipline. Steiner described many exercises he said were suited to strengthening such self-discipline so that a practitioner's consciousness could enter the 'spiritual world'. Details about the spiritual world, he said, could on such a bas ...

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Rudolf Steiner, Rudolf Steiner - Goethean scholar philosopher phenomenologist of spirit and sense perception, Rudolf Steiner - Waldorf education, Rudolf Steiner - Steiner the activist and the threefold nature of social life, Rudolf Steiner - Steiner's outlook on social history, Rudolf Steiner - The three kinds of social separations Steiner wanted strengthened, Rudolf Steiner - Education's relation to the state and the economy, Rudolf Steiner - Liberty Equality Fraternity, Rudolf Steiner - Architecture eurythmy and free spiritual culture, Rudolf Steiner - Weleda biodynamic farming Camphill, Rudolf Steiner - A few aspects of Steiner's way of thinking, Rudolf Steiner - Breadth of Activity, Rudolf Steiner - Steiner criticism, Rudolf Steiner - Philosophical debate, Rudolf Steiner - Selected bibliography

Read more here: » Rudolf Steiner: Encyclopedia II - Rudolf Steiner - A few aspects of Steiner's way of thinking

Nevertheless, according to Ohta (1994, pp. 90-91) the ranking and scientific analysis of energy quality was first proposed in 1851 by William Thomson under the concept of "availability". This concept was continued in Germany by Z. Rant, who developed it under the title, "die Exergie" (the exergy) - exergy analysis now forms a common part of many industrial and ecological energy analyses. For example, I.Dincer and Y.A. Cengel (2001, p. 132) state that energy forms of different qualities are now commonly dealt with in steam power engineering i ...

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Energy quality, Energy quality - Origins, Energy quality - Scientific development, Energy quality - Energy quality in physical-chemical science direct energy transformations, Energy quality - Energy quality in ecological physical chemistry direct and indirect energy transformations, Energy quality - Energy quality in biophysical economics indirect energy transformations, Energy quality - Ranking energy quality, Energy quality - Refrences

Read more here: » Energy quality: Encyclopedia II - Energy quality - Scientific development

Because of differences among teachers in their understanding of the personality characteristics of the nine types and more theoretical aspects of Enneagram dynamics, some skeptics argue that more research needs to be done to test the Enneagram as an empirically valid typology. Whilst some believe that the research already done has not given support to the Enneagram's validity (especially concepts of the Wings or the Stress and Security Points) others believe that by its somewhat complex and 'spiritual' nature the Enneagram typology is too difficu ...

See also:

Enneagram, Enneagram - The diametric figure, Enneagram - Historical development, Enneagram - The nine types, Enneagram - Wings, Enneagram - Stress & security points, Enneagram - Instinctual subtypes, Enneagram - Ego-fixations & deadly sins, Enneagram - Research issues, Enneagram - Criticism

Read more here: » Enneagram: Encyclopedia II - Enneagram - Research issues

NLP has been empirically tested over many years and many of its models and methods have been found to be largely ineffective [160]. In relation to current understanding of neurology and perception, NLP is in error (Bertelsen, 1987), and instead of being grounded in contemporary, scientifically derived neurological theory, NLP is based on outdated metaphors of brain funct ...

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Neuro-linguistic programming, Neuro-linguistic programming - Overview, Neuro-linguistic programming - Foundational Assumptions, Neuro-linguistic programming - NLP and Theory, Neuro-linguistic programming - Common techniques and practices, Neuro-linguistic programming - NLP Modeling, Neuro-linguistic programming - Fundamentals, Neuro-linguistic programming - Presuppositions, Neuro-linguistic programming - The B.A.G.E.L. Model, Neuro-linguistic programming - Eye accessing cues body cues and NLP representational systems, Neuro-linguistic programming - Meta-model and Milton Model, Neuro-linguistic programming - Varying Concepts, Neuro-linguistic programming - Background and Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Background, Neuro-linguistic programming - Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Scientific analysis of NLP, Neuro-linguistic programming - Criticism, Neuro-linguistic programming - False claims to science, Neuro-linguistic programming - Pseudoscience, Neuro-linguistic programming - Ethical Concerns, Neuro-linguistic programming - Questionable Applications, Neuro-linguistic programming - Cult characteristics, Neuro-linguistic programming - Notes and references, Neuro-linguistic programming - Developers

Read more here: » Neuro-linguistic programming: Encyclopedia II - Neuro-linguistic programming - Scientific analysis of NLP

The nature of qi is highly controversial, and the old controversy in Chinese philosophy as to the nature of qi still exists. Among some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) practitioners, qi is merely a metaphor for biological processes similar to the Western concept of the soul, and there is no need to invoke new biology, much less new physics, to account for its effects. Others argue that qi involves some new physics or biology. Attempts to directly connect qi with some scientific phenonomena have been attempted since the mid-nineteenth cent ...

See also:

Qi, Qi - Qi in traditional Chinese medicine, Qi - Views and opinions of qi

Read more here: » Qi: Encyclopedia II - Qi - Views and opinions of qi

Flood geology was revived in the 20th century by George McCready Price, a Seventh-day Adventist and amateur geologist who wrote The New Geology in 1923 to provide an explicitly Christian fundamentalist perspective on geology. His work was adapted and updated by Henry M. Morris and John C. Whitcomb, Jr. in their book The Genesis Flood in 1961. Morris and Whitcomb argued that the Earth was geologically recent, that the Fall of Man had triggered the second law of thermodynamics, and that the Great Flood had laid down most of the g ...

See also:

Flood geology, Flood geology - Flood geology versus mainstream science, Flood geology - Origins of flood geology, Flood geology - The revival of flood geology, Flood geology - Processes, Flood geology - Liquefaction, Flood geology - Submarine canyon formation, Flood geology - Fossilization, Flood geology - Fossil fuels, Flood geology - Fossil layering, Flood geology - Frozen mammoths, Flood geology - Proposed mechanisms of the flood, Flood geology - Reliability of Genesis, Flood geology - Comparison with mainstream geology, Flood geology - Age of the Earth, Flood geology - Counterpoints, Flood geology - Water source, Flood geology - Geological evidence, Flood geology - Archaeological evidence, Flood geology - Paleontological evidence, Flood geology - Grass evidence, Flood geology - Philosophical objections

Read more here: » Flood geology: Encyclopedia II - Flood geology - The revival of flood geology

Sarkar makes predictions about the utility of microvita in the distant future. “By controlling the microvita of the protoplasmic cells, big changes can be effected within the human body. Ordinary people can be made extraordinary. Their mental qualities and capabilities can be enlarged by supplying microvita in sufficient quantity.” (Chapter 10: The Theory of Microvita and it's possible effects on society) New varieties of bacteria, viruses, plants, and animals will be created for an endless variety of purposes. Human beings ...

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Microvitum, Microvitum - The nature of microvita, Microvitum - Three types of microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of devayoniis positive microvita, Microvitum - Seven types of pretayoniis negative microvita, Microvitum - The types of gandhayaks’inii intermediate microvita, Microvitum - The physics of life, Microvitum - Positive and negative microvita, Microvitum - Microvita and cakras, Microvitum - Problems in understanding microvitum, Microvitum - The future of microvitum

Read more here: » Microvitum: Encyclopedia II - Microvitum - The future of microvitum