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sciences

A Wisdom Archive on sciences

sciences

A selection of articles related to sciences

sciences, Science, Science - Etymology, Science - External articles and references, Science - Fields of science, Science - Goals of science, Science - Locations of science, Science - Mathematics and the scientific method, Science - Philosophy of science, Science - Science and social concerns, Science - Scientific literature, Science - Scientific method, Science - What is science?, Science - Environmental sciences, Science - Further reading, Science - Holistic interdisciplinary and applied sciences, Science - Natural sciences, Science - News and articles, Science - Resources, Science - Social sciences, Science - Textbooks, Organization and practice of science: International Council of Science (ICSU)., For an understanding of how these fields came to be: History of science., See also scientists for catalogs of people active in each of these fields.

ARTICLES RELATED TO sciences

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Controversy - In propaganda

The term is not always used in a purely descriptive way. The use of the word tends itself to create controversy where none may have authentically existed, acting as a self-fulfilling prophecy. Propagandists, therefore, may employ it as a "tar-brush," pejoratively, and thus create a perceived atmosphere of controversy, discrediting the subject: "Beatrix Potter's creation, Peter Rabbit..." vs. "Beatrix Potter's controversial creation, Peter Rabbit..." Thus contro ...

See also:

Controversy, Controversy - In law, Controversy - In propaganda, Controversy - In advertising, Controversy - In early Christianity

Read more here: » Controversy: Encyclopedia II - Controversy - In propaganda

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Trinity University Texas - Student life

Trinity University Texas - Student organizations. Trinity hosts several local, but no national social fraternities and sororities. Fraternities include Alpha Theta Chi, Bengal Lancers, Chi Delta Tau, Iota Chi Rho, Kappa Kappa Delta, Omega Phi, Phi Sigma Chi, and the Triniteers. Sororities include Alpha Chi Lambda, Chi Beta Epsilon, Gamma Chi Delta, Phi Delta Kappa, Sigma Theta Tau, Spurs, and Zeta Chi. There is one "underground" fraternity, Alpha Psi Omega, that is no longer recongized by the university but still ...

See also:

Trinity University Texas, Trinity University Texas - History, Trinity University Texas - Campus, Trinity University Texas - Academics, Trinity University Texas - Student life, Trinity University Texas - Student organizations, Trinity University Texas - Traditions, Trinity University Texas - Notable buildings and structures, Trinity University Texas - Athletics, Trinity University Texas - Notable alumni, Trinity University Texas - Notable faculty

Read more here: » Trinity University Texas: Encyclopedia II - Trinity University Texas - Student life

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Serbs - Culture

Serbs - Contribution to humanity. Serbs have played a significant role in the development of the arts and sciences. Prominent individuals include the scientists Nikola Tesla, Mihajlo Pupin, Ruđer Bošković, Jovan Cvijić, Milutin Milanković and Mileva Marić; the renowned mathematicians Jovan Karamata, Mihailo Petrović, and Đuro Kurepa; the famous composers Stevan Mokranjac and Josif Runjanin; the celebrated authors Dositej Obradović, Miloš Crnjanski, and Ivo Andrić; the prolific inventor Ogneslav Kostovi ...

See also:

Serbs, Serbs - Population, Serbs - Culture, Serbs - Contribution to humanity, Serbs - Language, Serbs - Surnames, Serbs - Religion, Serbs - Symbols, Serbs - Customs, Serbs - Name, Serbs - History, Serbs - Subgroups, Serbs - Cognate peoples

Read more here: » Serbs: Encyclopedia II - Serbs - Culture

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Technical communication - Document creation

Chiefly important in technical communication is the formatting and composition of the written document. The paramount goal of technical communication is clarity, reducing every expression to only its essential meaning. Technical communication - Style. More than general writing, technical communication features judicious conceptual simplifications. Intensifiers are omitted.See also:

Technical communication, Technical communication - Document creation, Technical communication - Style, Technical communication - Format, Technical communication - Associations

Read more here: » Technical communication: Encyclopedia II - Technical communication - Document creation

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Anthropology - Politics of anthropology

Anthropology's traditional involvement with nonwestern cultures has involved it in politics in many different ways. Some political problems arise simply because anthropologists usually have more power than the people they study. Some have argued that the discipline is a form of colonialist theft in which the anthropologist gains power at the expense of subjects. The anthropologist, they argue, can gain yet more power by exploiting knowledge and artifacts of the people she or he studies while the people she or he studies gain nothing, ...

See also:

Anthropology, Anthropology - Historical and institutional context, Anthropology - Anthropology in the U.S., Anthropology - Anthropology in Britain, Anthropology - Anthropology in France, Anthropology - Anthropology after World War Two, Anthropology - Politics of anthropology, Anthropology - Anthropological fields and subfields

Read more here: » Anthropology: Encyclopedia II - Anthropology - Politics of anthropology

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of social science - Overview

In broad terms, the social sciences are those that aim for a rational and systematic understanding of human society. Émile Durkheim sought to define social sciences as those that attend to a special sort of fact, which he called a social fact. In his book The Rules of Sociological Method he said that a social fact can be recognized by "the power of external coercion which it exercises or is capable of exercising over individuals, and the presence of this power may be recognized in its turn either by the existence of some specific sanction or by the resistanc ...

See also:

Philosophy of social science, Philosophy of social science - Overview, Philosophy of social science - See Also, Philosophy of social science - Bibliography, Philosophy of social science - Journals

Read more here: » Philosophy of social science: Encyclopedia II - Philosophy of social science - Overview

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Albanians - Culture

Albanians - Contribution to humanity. Albanians have played a prominent role in the development of the arts and sciences as well as in religion and sport. Prominent individuals have included the writer Ismail Kadare, the painter Ibrahim Kodra, the composer Simon Gjoni, the Nobel prize winner Ferid Murad, the Olympic athlete Klodiana Shala, the Roman Catholic missionary Mother Teresa and Pope Clement XI.Other well known individuals include the prime minister of the Ottoman Empire Ferhat Pasha and Mehemet Ali the v ...

See also:

Albanians, Albanians - Population, Albanians - Culture, Albanians - Contribution to humanity, Albanians - Language, Albanians - Religion, Albanians - Symbolism, Albanians - History, Albanians - Ethnic Albanians, Albanians - Albanian Nationalism

Read more here: » Albanians: Encyclopedia II - Albanians - Culture

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Methodology - Study of methods

Research Methodology is the attempt to validate the rationale behind the selected research design and provide justification of why it is appropriate in solving the selected research problem. It is the PROCESS by which we produce knowledge. The term is also used in the humanities; in literary criticism, a methodology refers to the critical approach, theoretical heuristics, and assumptions about the relationship with the historical and literary context ...

See also:

Methodology, Methodology - Study of methods, Methodology - Set of methods

Read more here: » Methodology: Encyclopedia II - Methodology - Study of methods

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Test student assessment - Types of questions

Test student assessment - Multiple-choice questions. For a multiple-choice question, the author of the test provides several possible answers (usually four or five) from which the test subjects must choose. There is one right answer, usually represented by only one answer option, though sometimes divided into two or more, all of which subjects must identify correctly. Such a question may look like this: The number of planet ...

See also:

Test student assessment, Test student assessment - Types of questions, Test student assessment - Multiple-choice questions, Test student assessment - Free-response questions, Test student assessment - Practical examination, Test student assessment - Limitations of testing and associated issues, Test student assessment - The SAT and other high-stakes exams, Test student assessment - Readings, Test student assessment - International exams internal

Read more here: » Test student assessment: Encyclopedia II - Test student assessment - Types of questions

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Academic publishing - Distribution and business aspects

It was a fact of pre-technology life that, no matter how dedicated, one person can only give a limited number of lectures to the small groups of students who can travel to hear them; and, if articles are to be written and distributed, only a small number of copies can be hand-written or typed. The development of the printing press therefore represented a revolution for communicating the latest hypotheses and research results to the academic community and supplemented what a scholar could do personally. Ironically, this improvement in the eff ...

See also:

Academic publishing, Academic publishing - History, Academic publishing - Academic paper, Academic publishing - Peer review, Academic publishing - Publishing process, Academic publishing - Publishing by discipline, Academic publishing - Sciences, Academic publishing - Social sciences, Academic publishing - Humanities, Academic publishing - Current status and development, Academic publishing - Distribution and business aspects

Read more here: » Academic publishing: Encyclopedia II - Academic publishing - Distribution and business aspects

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Yang Liwei - Career as an astronaut

Yang was selected as an astronaut candidate in 1998 and has trained for space flight since then. He was chosen from the final pool of 14 Chinese astronauts to fly on China's first manned space mission. A former fighter pilot in the Aviation Military Unit of the PLA, he held the rank of Lieutenant Colonel at the time of his mission. He was promoted to full colonel on October 20, 2003. According to the Youth Daily, the decision had been made in advance o ...

See also:

Yang Liwei, Yang Liwei - Background, Yang Liwei - Career as an astronaut

Read more here: » Yang Liwei: Encyclopedia II - Yang Liwei - Career as an astronaut

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Bolesław Prus - Biography

Born Aleksander Głowacki, Bolesław Prus fought in Poland's 1863 Uprising, the orphaned younger brother of an insurgent leader, Leon Glowacki. (Leon during the Uprising developed a mental illness that would end only with his death in 1907.) On September 1, 1863, twelve days after his sixteenth birthday, Prus suffered severe battle contusions and was captured by Tsarist Russian forces. Eventually released on account of his youth, in 1866 he completed high school a ...

See also:

Bolesław Prus, Bolesław Prus - Biography, Bolesław Prus - Chief novels

Read more here: » Bolesław Prus: Encyclopedia II - Bolesław Prus - Biography

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Philadelphia University - History

During the U.S. Centennial celebration in 1876, a group of textile manufacturers, led by Theodore Search, noticed that the quality and variety of American textile products was inferior to those displayed by European mills. To address this problem, the group established the Philadelphia Textile School in 1884 and began a formal educational program for America's textile workers and managers. Immediately the school was recognized as a key competitive resource in American industry. And, several years later, the Philadelphia Museum of Art ...

See also:

Philadelphia University, Philadelphia University - Mission, Philadelphia University - History, Philadelphia University - External link

Read more here: » Philadelphia University: Encyclopedia II - Philadelphia University - History

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Bill Gates - Microsoft

After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Science that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates called MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others had developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the platform. This was untrue, as Gates and Allan had never used an Altair previously nor developed any code for it. Within a period of eight weeks they developed the BASIC program. Allen flew to MITS to unveil the new BASIC system. Since Gates had ...

See also:

Bill Gates, Bill Gates - Early life, Bill Gates - Microsoft, Bill Gates - Personal life, Bill Gates - Influence and wealth, Bill Gates - Popular culture, Bill Gates - Works, Bill Gates - Notes, Bill Gates - References and further reading

Read more here: » Bill Gates: Encyclopedia II - Bill Gates - Microsoft

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Roger L. Jackson - Roger L. Jackson

As a youth growing up in Georgia, Roger Labon Jackson spent a lot of time in front of the television. This, together with a liking for puppetry, started him performing at an early age. As a formally trained stage actor, Jackson has performed Shakespeare, Chekov and Albee (for which he won an award for directing). As a voice actor, his commercial clients include Hershey’s, Levi’s, Saturn, Taco Bell and Apple Computers. ...

See also:

Roger L. Jackson, Roger L. Jackson - Roger L. Jackson, Roger L. Jackson - The Voice Actor, Roger L. Jackson - Trivia, Roger L. Jackson - Selected Filmography

Read more here: » Roger L. Jackson: Encyclopedia II - Roger L. Jackson - Roger L. Jackson

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Roosevelt University - Academics & Majors

There are more than 60 undergraduate majors and pre-professional programs, 40 master’s degree programs, and selected doctoral programs. Roosevelt University - Colleges. Departments and programs are organized in 5 colleges. College of Arts and Sciences College of Business College of Education Chicago College of Per ...

See also:

Roosevelt University, Roosevelt University - Academics & Majors, Roosevelt University - Colleges, Roosevelt University - Programs & Departments, Roosevelt University - Institutes & Centers, Roosevelt University - Campuses, Roosevelt University - Downtown Chicago Campus, Roosevelt University - Student Life, Roosevelt University - Student Housing & Residence Life, Roosevelt University - Traveling between Campuses, Roosevelt University - Groups & Activities, Roosevelt University - Distinguished Alumni

Read more here: » Roosevelt University: Encyclopedia II - Roosevelt University - Academics & Majors

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Bill Gates - Microsoft

After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Science that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates called MITS (Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others had developed a version of the programming language BASIC for the platform. This was untrue, as Gates and Allen had never used an Altair previously nor developed any code for it. Within a period of eight weeks they developed the BASIC program. Allen flew to MITS to unveil the new BASIC system. Since Gates had ...

See also:

Bill Gates, Bill Gates - Early life, Bill Gates - Microsoft, Bill Gates - Personal life, Bill Gates - Influence and wealth, Bill Gates - Popular culture, Bill Gates - Works, Bill Gates - Notes, Bill Gates - References and further reading

Read more here: » Bill Gates: Encyclopedia II - Bill Gates - Microsoft

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Alchemy - History

Alchemy encompasses several philosophical traditions spanning some four millennia and three continents. These traditions' general penchant for cryptic and symbolic language makes it hard to trace their mutual influences and "genetic" relationships. One can distinguish at least two major strands, which appear to be largely independent, at least in their earlier stages: Chinese alchemy, centered in China and its zone of cultural influence; and Western alchemy, whose center has shifted over the millennia between Egypt, Greece and Rome, t ...

See also:

Alchemy, Alchemy - Overview, Alchemy - Alchemy as a proto-science, Alchemy - The changing goals of alchemy, Alchemy - Alchemy and astrology, Alchemy - Alchemy in the age of science, Alchemy - Alchemy as a subject of historical research, Alchemy - Etymology, Alchemy - History, Alchemy - Alchemy in Ancient Egypt, Alchemy - Chinese alchemy, Alchemy - Indian alchemy, Alchemy - Alchemy in the Greek world, Alchemy - Alchemy in the Roman Empire, Alchemy - Alchemy in the Islamic world, Alchemy - Alchemy in Medieval Europe, Alchemy - Alchemy in the Modern Age and Renaissance, Alchemy - The decline of Western alchemy, Alchemy - Modern 'alchemy', Alchemy - Alchemy in art and entertainment, Alchemy - Literature, Alchemy - Music, Alchemy - Other alchemical pages, Alchemy - Related and alternative philosophies, Alchemy - Scientific connections, Alchemy - Substances of the alchemists, Alchemy - Other resources

Read more here: » Alchemy: Encyclopedia II - Alchemy - History

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Romanians - Population

Most Romanians live in Romania and Moldova, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that neighbour them. Romanians can also be found in many countries as immigrants, notably in the United States, Italy, Spain, Canada, France and Germany. The contemporary total population of ethnic Romanians cannot be stated with any degree of certainty. A disparity can be observed between "official" sources (such as census counts) where they exist, and estimates which come from non-official sources and i ...

See also:

Romanians, Romanians - Population, Romanians - History, Romanians - Ancient Times, Romanians - Middle Ages, Romanians - Modern Age, Romanians - Culture, Romanians - Contribution to humanity, Romanians - Language, Romanians - Surnames, Romanians - Religion, Romanians - Symbols, Romanians - Customs, Romanians - Name, Romanians - Romanian, Romanians - Vlach, Romanians - Daco-Romanian, Romanians - Toponyms, Romanians - Anthroponyms, Romanians - Subgroups and related ethnic groups, Romanians - Notes and references

Read more here: » Romanians: Encyclopedia II - Romanians - Population

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Cornell University - Cornelliana

Cornell has its own unique traditions, legends and lore. Cornellian traditions include Slope Day, a celebration held on the last day of classes, and Dragon Day, which includes the burning of a dragon built by architecture students. The school colors are carnelian (a shade of red) and white, a play on "Cornellian" and Andrew Dickson White. The name of Cornell's athletic teams is the "Big Red"; a bear is commonly used as the unofficial mascot, which dates back to the introduction of the mascot "Touchdown" in 1915, a live bear who was br ...

See also:

Cornell University, Cornell University - History, Cornell University - Conception of Cornell, Cornell University - Establishment of Cornell, Cornell University - Research, Cornell University - Organization, Cornell University - Academic units, Cornell University - Non-academic units, Cornell University - The campuses, Cornell University - Main campus, Cornell University - New York City campus, Cornell University - Other campuses, Cornell University - Academics, Cornell University - International programs, Cornell University - Reputation, Cornell University - Student life, Cornell University - Activities, Cornell University - Housing, Cornell University - Athletics, Cornell University - Faculty, Cornell University - Alumni, Cornell University - Cornelliana, Cornell University - Notes and references

Read more here: » Cornell University: Encyclopedia II - Cornell University - Cornelliana

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Blaise Pascal - Mature life, religion, philosophy, and literature

Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion. Biographically, we can say that two basic influences led him to his conversion: sickness and Jansenism. As early as his eighteenth year he suffered from a nervous ailment that left him hardly a day without pain. In 1647 a paralytic attack so disabled him that he could not move without crutches. His head ached, his bowels burned, his legs and feet were continually cold, and required wearisome aids to circulation of the blood; he wore stockings steeped in brandy to warm his fee ...

See also:

Blaise Pascal, Blaise Pascal - Early life and education, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Philosophy of mathematics, Blaise Pascal - Contributions to the physical sciences, Blaise Pascal - Mature life, religion, philosophy, and literature, Blaise Pascal - Religious conversion, Blaise Pascal - Upon brink of death, Blaise Pascal - The Provincial Letters, Blaise Pascal - Miracle, Blaise Pascal - The Pensées, Blaise Pascal - Last works and death, Blaise Pascal - Legacy, Blaise Pascal - Works, Blaise Pascal - Notes

Read more here: » Blaise Pascal: Encyclopedia II - Blaise Pascal - Mature life, religion, philosophy, and literature

sciences: Encyclopedia II - Cornell University - Academics

For the undergraduate class of 2009, 27.1% of applicants were admitted. Over 88% of them graduated in the top 10% of their high school class (among schools reporting class rank)[21]. Cornell's enrollment includes students from over 120 countries and all fifty U.S. states. Cor ...

See also:

Cornell University, Cornell University - History, Cornell University - Conception of Cornell, Cornell University - Establishment of Cornell, Cornell University - Research, Cornell University - Organization, Cornell University - Academic units, Cornell University - Non-academic units, Cornell University - The campuses, Cornell University - Main campus, Cornell University - New York City campus, Cornell University - Other campuses, Cornell University - Academics, Cornell University - International programs, Cornell University - Reputation, Cornell University - Student life, Cornell University - Activities, Cornell University - Housing, Cornell University - Athletics, Cornell University - Faculty, Cornell University - Alumni, Cornell University - Cornelliana, Cornell University - Notes and references

Read more here: » Cornell University: Encyclopedia II - Cornell University - Academics

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